IgA neutralizes pathogens to prevent infection at mucosal sites.
A 27-year-old female white-faced saki (Pithecia pithecia) died following an onset of vomiting and ptyalism.
Four toco toucans (Ramphastos toco), one channel-billed toucan (Ramphastos vitellinus) and one white-throated toucan (Ramphastos tucanus) died in two disease outbreaks in the same aviary in 2011 and 2016.
There are multiple reports of gastric neuroendocrine carcinoma in bearded dragons (Pogona spp), but other types of alimentary neoplasia are rarely reported.
The emergence of spillover pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2 is a risk to vulnerable human populations.
Septicaemia is the main pathological manifestation of Salmonella infection in chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera), although information on its pathology is limited.