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Gut 2022 May 17. Epub 2022 May 17.

Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome 'Foro Italico', Rome, Italy

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignant tumour arising from the biliary system. In Europe, this tumour frequently presents as a sporadic cancer in patients without defined risk factors and is usually diagnosed at advanced stages with a consequent poor prognosis. Therefore, the identification of biomarkers represents an utmost need for patients with CCA. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2022 May 17;15(5). Epub 2022 May 17.

Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Gynaecological Oncology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore.

Struma ovarii (SO) is an uncommon monodermal teratoma predominantly composed of mature thyroid tissue. Approximately 5% of SO are malignant; however, metastases are rare. A single female in her 40s, with a medical history of Graves' disease and bilateral cystectomy 10 years prior for right endometriotic cyst and left SO, presented with an enlarging abdominal mass for 4 months. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2022 May 17;15(5). Epub 2022 May 17.

Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Lapland Central Hospital, Rovaniemi, Finland

According to the current understanding, radiotherapy can enhance the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy due to radiation-induced release of tumour-associated antigens. Here, we present a case with a metastatic urothelial carcinoma who received nivolumab and palliative radiotherapy to a residual tumour in the vagina and to a large metastatic visceral lymph node. The treatment resulted in a rapid and virtually complete response for the time being in all metastases and in the large parailiac tumour mass. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2022 May 17;15(5). Epub 2022 May 17.

Otorhinolaryngology & Head-Neck Surgery & Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Rishikesh, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India.

Non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck region require optimal management encompassing oncological safety, minimal functional and cosmetic morbidity. The eyelid reconstruction poses a reconstructive challenge as it should include both anatomical and functional integrity. Full-thickness eyelid defects post resection can be managed with chondrocutaneous grafts. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2022 May 17;15(5). Epub 2022 May 17.

Department of Urology, Saint James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.

A man in his 70s was referred to plastic surgery with a suspected foreign body in the pulp of his right index finger. An excisional biopsy was performed for a presumed foreign body granuloma. Histology revealed metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2022 May 17;15(5). Epub 2022 May 17.

Department of Pathology, Prolife Diagnostics, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.

Swellings in medial canthal area in eye most often involve the lacrimal sac, the commonest aetiology being chronic dacryocystitis. Very rarely, there is a deviation in the routine diagnosis when the pathology comes out to be a lacrimal sac tumour. We report the case of a young man who presented with a medial canthal mass not extending above the medial canthal ligament. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2022 May 17;15(5). Epub 2022 May 17.

Orthopaedic surgery, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, Leicester, UK.

J Immunother Cancer 2022 May;10(5)

School of Life Sciences (SV), ISREC, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland

Background: Activin-A, a transforming growth factor β family member, is secreted by many cancer types and is often associated with poor disease prognosis. Previous studies have shown that Activin-A expression can promote cancer progression and reduce the intratumoral frequency of cytotoxic T cells. However, the underlying mechanisms and the significance of Activin-A expression for cancer therapies are unclear. Read More

J Immunother Cancer 2022 May;10(5)

Department of Core Laboratory of Translational Research, Biomedical Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea

Background: Mitochondria are involved in cancer energy metabolism, although the mechanisms underlying the involvement of mitoribosomal dysfunction in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effects of mitoribosomal impairment-mediated alterations on the immunometabolic characteristics of liver cancer.

Methods: We used a mouse model of HCC, liver tissues from patients with HCC, and datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to elucidate the relationship between mitoribosomal proteins (MRPs) and HCC. Read More

J Immunother Cancer 2022 May;10(5)

Department of Medicine III, Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany

Background: CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy (CAR-T) represents a promising treatment modality for an increasing number of B-cell malignancies. However, prolonged cytopenias and infections substantially contribute to the toxicity burden of CAR-T. The recently developed CAR-HEMATOTOX (HT) score-composed of five pre-lymphodepletion variables (eg, absolute neutrophil count, platelet count, hemoglobin, C-reactive protein, ferritin)-enables risk stratification of hematological toxicity. Read More

J Immunother Cancer 2022 May;10(5)

Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden

Background: Adenosine is a metabolite that suppresses antitumor immune response of T and NK cells via extracellular binding to the two subtypes of adenosine-2 receptors, AARs. While blockade of the AARs subtype effectively rescues lymphocyte activity, with four AAR antagonists currently in anticancer clinical trials, less is known for the therapeutic potential of the other AAR blockade within cancer immunotherapy. Recent studies suggest the formation of AAR/AAR dimers in tissues that coexpress the two receptor subtypes, where the AAR plays a dominant role, suggesting it as a promising target for cancer immunotherapy. Read More

J Immunother Cancer 2022 May;10(5)

Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel

Background: Soluble human leucocyte antigen (sHLA) molecules, released into the plasma, carry their original peptide cargo and provide insight into the protein synthesis and degradation schemes of their source cells and tissues. Other body fluids, such as pleural effusions, may also contain sHLA-peptide complexes, and can potentially serve as a source of tumor antigens since these fluids are drained from the tumor microenvironment. We explored this possibility by developing a methodology for purifying and analyzing large pleural effusion sHLA class I peptidomes of patients with malignancies or benign diseases. Read More

Int J Gynecol Cancer 2022 May 17. Epub 2022 May 17.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Imelda Hospital, Bonheiden, Belgium.

J Investig Med 2022 May 17. Epub 2022 May 17.

Department of Thoracic Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China

Vinpocetine exerts pharmacological effects against cardiovascular diseases, while few studies focused on its roles in cancer. The present study investigated the roles of vinpocetine in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its relationship with cisplatin resistance. A549 cisplatin-resistant cells (A549/DDP) and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-overexpressing cell lines were established. Read More

Can J Surg 2022 May-Jun;65(3):E342-E351. Epub 2022 May 17.

Department of Hematology-Oncology, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Nassabein, Aubin, Ayoub, Tehfé); and the Department of Surgery, Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que. (Younan, Loungarath, Mercier, Dagbert)

Background: Cytoreductive surgery in combination with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS-HIPEC) has recently shown promise for the treatment of patients with various types of peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC). However, it is an extensive procedure that is associated with a variety of morbidities. We evaluated the safety and clinical outcomes of CRS-HIPEC performed at our centre. Read More

J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2022 May 14:102409. Epub 2022 May 14.

Department of Surgical Oncology, Jean Perrin Cancer Center, Clermont-Ferrand, France.

Objective: To evaluate and compare overall survival and progression-free survival in two groups of patients with advanced ovarian cancer, managed by neoadjuvant chemotherapy (3 cycles or more) followed by interval debulking surgery. Secondary objectives regarded surgical morbidity and extent of cytoreduction.

Material And Methods: We conducted a retrospective study, in a referral center, evaluating the management of patients diagnosed with advanced ovarian cancer (FIGO IIIC-IV) beneficiating of interval surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Read More

World Neurosurg 2022 May 14. Epub 2022 May 14.

Department of Neurological Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA. Electronic address:

Background: Traditional GammaKnife radiosurgery (GKRS) of brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) using digital subtraction angiography (DSA) requires head immobilization using a stereotactic frame.

Objective: We describe our protocol of frameless GKRS using DSA while maintaining high spatial resolution for precision.

Methods: Retrospective review of unruptured AVM patients who underwent frameless GKRS. Read More

Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022 May 14:103709. Epub 2022 May 14.

University of Michigan School of Social Work, United States; Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology Program, University of Michigan Health, United States.

Background: Cancer survivors suffer from health deficits caused by their disease and treatment. This study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on how, and to what extent, cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) impacts functional health outcomes in cancer survivors.

Methods: We searched 7 electronic databases, 91 published review articles, and 4 professional websites for eligible randomized and non-randomized controlled trials focusing on cancer survivors. Read More

Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2022 May 14:103708. Epub 2022 May 14.

Grupo Oncoclínicas (GOC), São Paulo, Brazil, Centro Paulista de Oncologia (CPO) - Unidade Faria Lima, Adress: Av. Brigadeiro Faria Lima, 4300, São Paulo - SP, 04538-132.

Breast cancer (BC) is a highly heterogeneous disease, characterized by a variety of subtypes with distinct biological, molecular, and clinical behavior. Standard clinicopathological and tumor biology information (as assessed by gene expression signatures-GES), have provided enhanced prognostic and predictive information in both node-negative(N0) and positive(N+), hormonal receptor positive/human epidermal growth factor 2 negative (HR+/HER2-) early breast cancer (EBC). Herein, we comprehensively review the clinical data of 5 commonly used GES, namely, Oncotype DX(ODX)®; MammaPrint (MP)®; Prosigna®; Breast Cancer Index (BCI)® and Endopredict® - with sections specifically addressing the role of GES in special histologic subtypes, premenopausal women, late recurrence and adjuvant treatment de-escalation. Read More

Neurotoxicology 2022 May 14. Epub 2022 May 14.

Department of Radiology. The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital/Center. No. 519 Kunzhou Road, Xishan District, Kunming 650118, Yunnan, P.R. China. Electronic address:

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of radiation-induced brain injury (RIBI) on axonal transport (AT) and sexual function.

Methods And Materials: Adult male rats received whole-brain radiation with a total dose of 30Gy (15Gy with 2 fractions) to build a RIBI model. Foraging behavior and sexual function were assessed, and MRI was performed 8 weeks after brain irradiation. Read More

Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022 May 14. Epub 2022 May 14.

Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Operative Group of Chilean Association of Digestive Endoscopy (ACHED), Santiago, Chile.

Background: Adenocarcinoma is preceded by chronic atrophic gastritis, gastric intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia. Trefoil factor 3 (TFF3) is a peptide secreted by goblet cells, which is abundantly present in intestinal metaplasia.

Aim: To evaluate the utility of serum TFF3 as a non-invasive biomarker for the diagnosis of intestinal metaplasia and gastric cancer. Read More

Transplant Cell Ther 2022 May 14. Epub 2022 May 14.

Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation is common after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) and may result in fatal CMV disease. Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are potent modulators of the immune system preventing graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) while promoting graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effects. It is thought that iNKT cells selectively influence mediators of both innate and adaptive immunity. Read More

Transplant Cell Ther 2022 May 14. Epub 2022 May 14.

Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center. Electronic address:

Background: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy can lead to durable responses in patients with relapsed/refractory hematologic malignancies. Immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) and cytokine release syndrome (CRS) are common and may place patients at risk for longer-term cognitive impairment.

Objective: This study examined changes in cognition in the first year after CD19-directed CAR-T-cell therapy for lymphoma, as well as CAR T-cell therapy-specific risk-factors (e. Read More

Dev Biol 2022 May 14. Epub 2022 May 14.

Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.

Myriads forces are at play during morphogenesis. Their concerted activity shapes individual cells, tissues and the whole embryo, representing the most awe-inspiring marvel of developmental biology. In spite of their prevalence, the potential instructive role of cell mechanics in fate determination and patterning has remained long neglected, in part due to the difficulties in translating the physical world of cells in molecular terms. Read More

Int J Pharm 2022 May 14:121810. Epub 2022 May 14.

Institute of Pharmaceutics, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China; Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, P.R. China. Electronic address:

In previous studies, we found that triphenylphosphine-modified doxorubicin (TPP-DOX) can effectively kill drug-resistant tumor cells, but its effect on sensitive tumor cells is weakened. In this research, with albumin from Bovine Serum (BSA) as a carrier, [email protected] ([email protected]) nanoparticles were prepared by co-loading TPP-DOX and manganese which can realize the combination of chemotherapy and chemodynamic therapy (CDT). The uniform and stable nano-spherical nanoparticle can promote drug uptake, achieve mitochondrial-targeted drug delivery, increase intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and catalyze the production of highly toxic oxidative hydroxyl radicals (OH·), further inhibiting the growth of both sensitive and drug-resistant MCF-7 cells. Read More

Gastroenterology 2022 May 14. Epub 2022 May 14.

Université de Paris-Cité, Centre of Research on Inflammation, INSERM U1149, Paris, France; Université de Paris-Cité, Department of Digestive Endoscopy, Beaujon University Hospital (APHP), Clichy, France.

Thorac Cancer 2022 May 17. Epub 2022 May 17.

Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan.

Background: Research has shown that some microbiomes are linked to cancer. Hence, we hypothesize that alterations in the respiratory microbiome might be associated with lung cancer.

Methods: Through droplet digital polymerase chain reaction analysis, we investigated the abundance of Acidovorax in surgically resected primary tumors and corresponding nontumor lung tissues obtained from 50 Japanese patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Read More

Curr Biol 2022 May 10. Epub 2022 May 10.

Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

Autophagy is a conserved, multi-step process of capturing proteolytic cargo in autophagosomes for lysosome degradation. The capacity to remove toxic proteins that accumulate in neurodegenerative disorders attests to the disease-modifying potential of the autophagy pathway. However, neurons respond only marginally to conventional methods for inducing autophagy, limiting efforts to develop therapeutic autophagy modulators for neurodegenerative diseases. Read More

Eur J Prev Cardiol 2022 May 17. Epub 2022 May 17.

Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, National Clinical Research Center of Kidney Disease, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.

ESMO Open 2022 May 14;7(3):100485. Epub 2022 May 14.

Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain; Cátedra UAM-AMGEN, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain.

Background: The role of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NC) in resectable pancreatic cancer (RPC) has yet to be defined. This review aims to analyze the benefit of NC in RPC compared with upfront surgery (US) in terms of overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS).

Patients And Methods: PubMed, CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library), and Embase were systematically reviewed until 3 November 2021. Read More