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JAMA Netw Open 2018 Dec 7;1(8):e186342. Epub 2018 Dec 7.

Division of Gastroenterology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.

JAMA Netw Open 2018 Oct 5;1(6):e183038. Epub 2018 Oct 5.

Division of Population Sciences, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.

Importance: Although current federal quality improvement programs do not include cancer surgery, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services and other payers are considering extending readmission reduction initiatives to include these and other common high-cost episodes.

Objectives: To quantify between-hospital variation in quality-related outcomes and identify hospital characteristics associated with high and low performance.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This retrospective cohort study obtained data through linkage of the California Cancer Registry to hospital discharge claims databases maintained by the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development. Read More

S Afr Med J 2018 Oct 26;108(11):929-936. Epub 2018 Oct 26.

Wits Donald Gordon Medical Centre, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.

Background: Liver transplantation is the standard of care for the treatment of liver failure worldwide, yet millions of people living in sub-Saharan Africa remain without access to these services. South Africa (SA) has two liver transplant centres, one in Cape Town and the other in Johannesburg, where Wits Donald Gordon Medical Centre (WDGMC) started an adult liver transplant programme in 2004.

Objectives:  To describe the outcomes of the adult liver transplant programme at WDGMC. Read More

Acta Gastroenterol Belg 2018 Oct-Dec;81(4):496-501

Hospital U. Ramón y Cajal, Carretera Colmenar Viejo km 9,1, Madrid, España.

Background And Study Aims: Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGE) is currently recommended in cirrhotic patients to detect the presence of esophageal varices (EV). Spleen stiffness measurement (SSM) with FibroScan has been used for this purpose, showing variable sensitivity (S) and specificity (Sp). The aim of this study was to evaluate the capability of SSM to detect the presence and size of EV in cirrhotic patients in comparison to other noninvasive modalities. Read More

Hepatol Res 2019 Jan 15. Epub 2019 Jan 15.

Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.

Aim: Recent advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies allow for evaluation of genetic alterations in various cancer-related genes in daily clinical practice. Archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor tissue is often used for NGS-based clinical sequencing assays; however, the success rate of NGS assays using archival FFPE tumor tissue is reported to be lower than that using fresh tumor tissue. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility and safety of US-guided liver tumor biopsy for NGS-based multiplex gene assays. Read More

Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2019 Jan 15;21(1). Epub 2019 Jan 15.

Lynda K and David M Underwood Center for Digestive Disorders, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX, USA.

Purpose Of Review: To critically review recent (past 3 years) literature on the definition, diagnosis, and management of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO).

Recent Findings: While various series continue to illustrate the occurrence of SIBO in disease states where well-known risk factors for its occurrence are present (hypochlorhydria, disorders of intestinal structure or motor function, pancreatic insufficiency, and chronic liver disease, for example), the current challenge is in defining the limits of SIBO. Is SIBO truly common among those with "functional" gastrointestinal symptoms where there is no evidence of maldigestion or malabsorption; the original hallmarks of SIBO? Our attempts to address this question continue to be hampered by the limitations of our diagnostic tool kit. Read More

Internist (Berl) 2019 Jan 15. Epub 2019 Jan 15.

Abteilung für Innere Medizin IV, Bereiche Endokrinologie, Diabetologie, Angiologie, Nephrologie und Klinische Chemie, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Otfried-Müller-Str. 10, 72076, Tübingen, Deutschland.

During the past 10 years nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has moved more and more into the focus of attention of clinical research. The term NAFLD comprises the simple nonalcoholic steatosis or fatty liver (NAFL) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). As the incidence of NAFLD has dramatically increased, it is expected that during the coming years NASH in particular will become the main reason for liver transplantation in industrialized countries. Read More

PLoS One 2019 15;14(1):e0210173. Epub 2019 Jan 15.

Liver Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.

Background & Aims: Acute hepatitis C (AHC) is not frequently identified because patients are usually asymptomatic, although may be recognized after iatrogenic exposures such as needle stick injuries, medical injection, and acupuncture. We describe an outbreak of AHC among 12 patients who received IV saline flush from a single multi-dose vial after intravenous contrast administration for a computerized tomography (CT) scan. The last patient to receive IV contrast with saline flush from a multi-dose vial at the clinic on the previous day was known to have chronic HCV genotype 1b (termed potential source, PS). Read More

PLoS One 2019 15;14(1):e0198449. Epub 2019 Jan 15.

Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Background: Liver cirrhosis mortality number has increased over the last decades. We aimed to estimate the liver cirrhosis mortality rate and its trends for the first time by sex, age, geographical distribution, and cause in Iran.

Method: Iranian Death Registration System, along with demographic (Complete and Summary Birth History, Maternal Age Cohort and Period methods) and statistical methods (Spatio-temporal and Gaussian process regression models) were used to address the incompleteness and misclassification and uncertainty of death registration system to estimate annual cirrhosis mortality rate. Read More

J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2019 Jan 15. Epub 2019 Jan 15.

Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt, Phone: 002/01008660620,

Background Aspartame (ASP) is used for treatment of obesity and diabetes mellitus. This study was designed to illustrate the biochemical responses and histopathological alterations besides the genotoxicity of ASP alone or with l-carnitine (LC) in the liver of rats. Methods Animals were separated into six groups: control, lower dose of ASP (ASP-LD; 75 mg/kg), higher dose of ASP (ASP-HD; 150 mg/kg), l-carnitine (LC; 10 mg/kg), ASP-LD plus LC, and ASP-HD plus LC. Read More

AJR Am J Roentgenol 2019 Jan 15:1-7. Epub 2019 Jan 15.

1 Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, E3/311 Clinical Science Center, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792-3252.

Objective: The objective was to develop a multiparametric CT algorithm to stage liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.

Materials And Methods: Abdominal CT and laboratory measures in 469 patients with HCV (340 men and 129 women; mean age, 50.1 years) were compared against the histopathologic Metavir fibrosis reference standard (F0, n = 49 patients; F1, n = 69 patients; F2, n = 102 patients; F3, n = 76 patients; F4, n = 173 patients). Read More

J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother 2019 Jan 15:1-4. Epub 2019 Jan 15.

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) has been described with numerous nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Oral diclofenac has been associated with DILI more frequently than other NSAIDs and requires periodic monitoring of liver transaminases and judicious consideration of clinical signs and symptoms of hepatotoxicity. Here we describe a case in which elevated liver transaminases in a 79-year-old female returned to normal following discontinuation of topical diclofenac 1% gel. Read More

Biochem Cell Biol 2019 Jan 15. Epub 2019 Jan 15.

Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China ;

Aberrant expression of microRNAs is associated with liver fibrogenesis. We previously found that microRNA-134 (miR-134) expression was reduced in fibrosis-based hepatocarcinogenesis induced by diethylinitrosamine. Herein we investigate the role and mechanisms of miR-134 in hepatic fibrosis. Read More

Mol Nutr Food Res 2019 Jan 15:e1801014. Epub 2019 Jan 15.

J. Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Disease, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China.

Scope: Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Oxidative stress induced during the alcohol metabolism plays a crucial role in ALD. And clinical evidence demonstrated the prevalence and risks of vitamin D (VD) deficiency in ALD. Read More

Hepatology 2019 Jan 15. Epub 2019 Jan 15.

Service des Maladies de l'Appareil Digestif, Hôpital Claude Huriez, Lille, France.

A joint meeting of the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) and the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) was held in London on September 30 and October 1, 2017. The goals of the meeting were to identify areas of broad agreement and disagreement, develop consensus, and determine future directions to ultimately reduce the burden, morbidity, and mortality of alcohol-related liver disease (previously termed alcoholic liver disease). The specific aims of the meeting were to identify unmet needs and areas for future investigation, in order to reduce alcohol consumption, develop markers for diagnosis and prognosis of disease, and create a framework to test novel pharmacological agents with pre-specified treatment endpoints. Read More

Gen Dent 2019 Jan-Feb;67(1):32-35

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer. Metastases to the soft tissues of the oral cavity are extremely uncommon. This report describes a rare case of an oral metastatic HCC, located completely within the oral mucosa overlying the alveolar ridge, in a patient who was unware of his primary disease. Read More

Radiology 2019 Jan 15:181445. Epub 2019 Jan 15.

From the Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, England (M.D.G., P.C.L., C.M., R.C., C.C.C.); Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, England (P.C.L., F.W.); Departments of Radiology (P.C.L., D.Y.F.C., M.A., F.V.G.) and Oncology (M.R.M.), Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, England; Department of Oncology, CRUK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, England (L.K.F., M.S., L.C.); Nuffield Department of Anaesthetics, Oxford University Hospitals Foundation NHS Trust, Oxford, England (S.S.); and Centre for Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, England (R.G.).

Purpose To demonstrate the feasibility and safety of using focused ultrasound planning models to determine the treatment parameters needed to deliver volumetric mild hyperthermia for targeted drug delivery without real-time thermometry. Materials and Methods This study was part of the Targeted Doxorubicin, or TARDOX, phase I prospective trial of focused ultrasound-mediated, hyperthermia-triggered drug delivery to solid liver tumors ( ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02181075). Read More

Postgrad Med 2019 Jan 15. Epub 2019 Jan 15.

a Department of Medical Oncology , Institute of Oncology, University of Istanbul , Istanbul , TURKEY.

Background: Recurrence may most likely develop during the course of the disease in patients presented with early stage melanoma at initial diagnosis. The specific risk factors for early and late recurrences following definitive surgical excision have yet to be determined. The aim of this study was to analyze the early and late relapses in stage I-III cutaneous melanoma patients. Read More

Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2019 Jan 15. Epub 2019 Jan 15.

c Division of Endocrinology , Diabetes and Metabolism University of South Carolina School of Medicine Columbia , SC , USA .

Introduction: Diabetic dyslipidemia is frequent among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and is characterized by an increase in triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and small-dense (atherogenic) particles, and by a decrease in low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and apolipoprotein (Apo) A1 that are strongly related to insulin resistance. The increased flux of free fatty acids from adipose tissue to the liver aggravates hepatic insulin resistance and promotes all of aspects of the dyslipidemic state. Areas covered: Statins are the first-line agents for treatment while other lipid-lowering drugs (ezetimibe, fibrate and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9) or novel anti-diabetic agents (dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4is), glucagon like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA), sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is)) or nutraceuticals (berberine, omega 3 fatty acid, red yeast rice) can be used alone or in combination. Read More

J Proteome Res 2019 Jan 15. Epub 2019 Jan 15.

Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of many key factors in the etiology of alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Lysine acetylation is known to regulate numerous mitochondrial metabolic pathways and recent reports demonstrate that alcohol-induced protein acylation negatively impacts these processes. To identify regulatory mechanisms attributed to alcohol-induced protein post-translational modifications, we employed a model of alcohol consumption within the context of WT, SIRT3, and SIRT5 knockout mice to manipulate hepatic mitochondrial protein acylation. Read More

J Agric Food Chem 2019 Jan 15. Epub 2019 Jan 15.

Our previous study has confirmed that maltol can attenuate alcohol-induced acute hepatic damage and prevent oxidative stress in mice. Therefore, maltol might have capacity to improve thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver fibrosis. The purpose of this work was to explore the anti-fibrotic efficacy and underlying mechanisms of maltol for TAA-treated mice. Read More

ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019 Jan 15. Epub 2019 Jan 15.

Synthetic organic molecules which can selectively convert intracellular copper (Cu) ions to nanozymes with an ability to protect cells from oxidative stress are highly significant in developing therapeutic agents against Cu-related disorder like Wilson's disease. Here we report 1,3-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-1 H-benzoimidazole-2-selenone (1) which show an remarkable ability to remove Cu ion from glutathione, a major cytosolic Cu-binding ligand, and thereafter converts it into copper selenide (CuSe) nanozyme that exhibits remarkable glutathione peroxidase (GPx)-like activity, at cellular level of HO concentration, with an excellent cytoprotective effect against oxidative stress in hepatocyte. Cu-driven deselenization of 1, under physiologically relevant conditions, occurred in two steps. Read More

Diagn Cytopathol 2019 Jan 15. Epub 2019 Jan 15.

Department of Medicine, PGIMER, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India.

Extramedullary hematopoeisis (EMH), also known as myeloid metaplasia can be seen in association with various hematological disorders. The common sites of EMH are liver, spleen and lymph nodes; but it can occur in almost any organ and in numerous locations. Involvement of the thyroid gland with EMH has rarely been reported. Read More

J Cell Biochem 2019 Jan 15. Epub 2019 Jan 15.

Department of Liver Transplantion, Oriental Organ Transplant Center, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.

Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is tissue damage resulting from return of the blood supply to the tissue after a period of ischemia or lack of oxygen. Much of the morbidity associated with liver transplantation and major hepatic resections is, in part, due to IRI. Both innate immunity and autophagy play important roles in hepatic IRI. Read More

Nat Commun 2019 Jan 15;10(1):221. Epub 2019 Jan 15.

Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, 230027, Hefei, Anhui, China.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) can induce chronic inflammation, cirrhosis, and eventually hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Despite evidence suggesting a link between adaptive immunity and HBV-related diseases in humans, the immunopathogenic mechanisms involved are seldom described. Here we show that expression of TIGIT, a promising immune checkpoint in tumor immunotherapy, increases with age on hepatic CD8 T cells in HBsAg-transgenic (HBs-tg) mice whose adaptive immune system is tolerant to HBsAg. Read More

Diagn Interv Radiol 2019 Jan;25(1):71-80

Motion Research, Ancaster, ON, Canada.

Purpose: Percutaneous tissue biopsy is a mainstay of diagnostic and interventional radiology, providing a minimally invasive method for diagnosing malignant and benign disease. The purpose of this review was to collect and summarize the best available evidence regarding the risk factors associated with bleeding complications in image-guided liver biopsy.

Methods: A literature review was performed, searching Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) and Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technology in Health (CADTH) databases for any studies evaluating bleeding complications in image-guided liver biopsy. Read More

Turk J Gastroenterol 2019 Jan;30(1):75-80

Department of Liver Transplantation, Kent Hospital, İzmir, Turkey.

Background/aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the Milan criteria on the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurrence in patients who underwent living donor liver transplantation due to HBV-induced cirrhosis and HCC.

Materials And Methods: We evaluated a total of 142 patients, 88 who underwent transplantation due to HBV-induced cirrhosis and 54 due to HCC, between 2009 and 2014. In the posttranplant period, after the HBsAg seroconversion, 400 IU of hepatitis B immunoglobulin were applied intramuscularly every 2 weeks, and daily nucleos(t)ide analogs were continued as prophylaxis. Read More

Elife 2019 Jan 15;8. Epub 2019 Jan 15.

Faculty of Medicine, Department of Parasitology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.

Infection with the food-borne liver fluke is the principal risk factor for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) in the Lower Mekong River Basin countries including Thailand, Lao PDR, Vietnam and Cambodia. We exploited this link to explore the role of the secreted growth factor termed liver fluke granulin (-) in pre-malignant lesions by undertaking programmed knockout of the - gene from the liver fluke genome. Deep sequencing of amplicon libraries from genomic DNA of gene-edited parasites revealed Cas9-catalyzed mutations within -. Read More

Curr Cardiol Rev 2019 Jan 15. Epub 2019 Jan 15.

Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto. Portugal.

The ductus venosus is a vascular shunt situated within the fetal liver parenchyma connecting the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava. This vessel acts as a bypass of the liver microcirculation and plays a critical role in the fetal circulation. The ductus venosus allows oxygenated and nutrient-rich venous blood to flow from the placenta to the myocardium and brain. Read More

Curr Pharm Des 2019 Jan 15. Epub 2019 Jan 15.

Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN. 38163. United States.

Background: The eye is considered as a window of the disease, and a better understanding of neurodegenerative changes in the eye may help diagnose and manage neurodegenerative diseases including the diseases of brain, heart, kidney and liver. In the eye, the blood retinal barrier (BRB] is maintained by the combination of endothelial cells, pericytes, and glia. This BRB integrity is fundamental to the physiology of retinal cellular function and accurate vision. Read More

Future Oncol 2019 Jan 15. Epub 2019 Jan 15.

Department of Medicine, Royal Marsden Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.

Ramucirumab is a fully humanized monoclonal antibody directed selectively at VEGFR-2 - a key player in the VEGF orchestra and angiogenic process. It has demonstrated clinical efficacy and a favorable safety profile in the treatment of a number of malignancies including gastric, lung, urothelial, colorectal and, most recently, advanced liver cancer. This article describes the recent Phase III trial results of ramucirumab in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, including safety data and patient-reported outcomes, with particular emphasis on efficacy data in the patient population with baseline α-fetoprotein levels ≥400 ng/ml, traditionally considered a poor prognostic group. Read More

J Biol Regul Homeost Agents 2018 Nov-Dec;32(6 Suppl. 1):83-87

Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology of IRCCS San Matteo University Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy.

Hydatid Disease (HD), also called , is a parasitic infection caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm : or . HD occur most frequently in liver or lungs, rarely in brain, skeletal muscles, bones, kidneys, spleen. Bone infestation of cysts occurs respectively by haematogenous seeding and progressive invasion into bone by lesions in the adjacent soft tissues. Read More

Chembiochem 2019 Jan 14. Epub 2019 Jan 14.

Flinders University, Centre for NanoScale Science and Technology, R4.26 Tonsley T1 Building, Flinders University , 1284 South Road, 5042, Clovelly Park, AUSTRALIA.

High specificity, low background, good biocompatibility and photostability are common properties of AIEgens. In this study, an AIEgen FAS was used in live HepG2 cells, an in vitro model of liver steatosis, to quantify lipid droplet number and size instead of the traditional method of only measuring fluorescence intensity emitted from fluorescence dye stained in lipid droplet. In parallel, another AIEgen TPE-Ph-In was used to perform continuous monitoring and quantitation of mitochondrial membrane potential in the same batch of live HepG2 cells. Read More

J Appl Toxicol 2019 Jan 15. Epub 2019 Jan 15.

Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.

Existing literature pointed out that the liver may be the target organ of toxicity induced by titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO NPs) via oral exposure. Gender differences in health effects widely exist and relevant toxicological research is important for safety assessment. To explore the gender susceptibility of TiO NP-induced hepatic toxicity and the underlying mechanism, we examined female and male Sprague-Dawley rats administrated with TiO NPs orally at doses of 0, 2, 10 and 50 mg/kg body weight per day for 90 days. Read More

J Surg Oncol 2019 Jan 15. Epub 2019 Jan 15.

Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Atrium Health, Charlotte, North Carolina.

Incorporation of liver transplant techniques in hepatopancreaticobiliary surgery has created an opportunity for the resection of locally advanced hepatic tumors formerly considered unresectable. A 73-year-old woman presented with cholangiocarcinoma involving inferior vena cava, all three hepatic veins, and right anterior portal pedicle, initially deemed nonoperative. This case demonstrates the first combined application of associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy and ex vivo resection to perform an R0. Read More

J Cell Physiol 2019 Jan 15. Epub 2019 Jan 15.

Department of General Surgery, Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, The Sparkfire Scientific Research Group of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies and is a serious threat to people's health worldwide. The prognosis of advanced HCC is dim if left untreated. In the clinic, the treatment options for advanced HCC include surgery, radiotherapy, transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, and so forth. Read More

Surg Case Rep 2019 Jan 14;5(1). Epub 2019 Jan 14.

Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1, Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan.

Background: Pneumothorax during surgery under general anesthesia is a life-threatening situation for the patient because it can progress easily to the tension pneumothorax due to positive pressure ventilation unless appropriate treatments such as inserting a drainage tube in the thoracic cavity are initiated. The authors experienced a case of intraoperative pneumothorax and the diffuse dissection of visceral pleura during liver transplantation surgery, and achieved successful repair by a trans-diaphragmatic approach without changing patient's body position.

Case Presentation: A 66-year-old male with multiple liver and renal cysts caused by autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) was admitted to the authors' hospital for treating the infection of the liver cysts. Read More

J Gastroenterol 2019 Jan 14. Epub 2019 Jan 14.

Southern California Research Center for ALPD and Cirrhosis, Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1333 San Pablo Street, MMR-402, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.

Alcohol and high-fat diet are two major risk factors responsible for metabolic diseases, which are manifested as steatohepatitis and liver cancer in the liver, and chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in the pancreas. These metabolic diseases are becoming increasingly prevalent around the globe, and more importantly, their two major etiologies commonly coexist to precipitate the disease processes. To highlight the importance of these metabolic diseases, Japanese Society of Gastroenterology (JSGE) and National Institute on Alcoholism and Alcohol Abuse of National Institute of Health cosponsored the JSGE's 7th International Forum jointly held with the 12th International Symposium on ALPD and Cirrhosis. Read More

Eur Radiol 2019 Jan 14. Epub 2019 Jan 14.

Department of Radiology, Bolzano Central Hospital, via Boehler 5, 39100, Bolzano, Italy.

Objectives: To correlate the degree of ascites enhancement during hepatobiliary phase after gadobenate dimeglumine (Gd-BOPTA) administration with ascites aetiology.

Methods: IRB-approved retrospective study, need for informed consent was waived. We included 74 consecutive ascitic patients who underwent Gd-BOPTA-enhanced liver MRI including hepatobiliary phase (HBP) images between January 2014 and December 2017. Read More

Eur Radiol 2019 Jan 14. Epub 2019 Jan 14.

Department of Diagnostic, Interventional and Pediatric Radiology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to identify the micro-mechanical characteristics that define biopsy performance in normal ex vivo animal organs.

Materials And Methods: Three biopsy systems with differences of needle external diameter, tray height and effective tray length were assessed. Sampling was performed in porcine liver and kidneys with commercially labelled 14G, 16G and 18G, using 2-cm throw needle systems. Read More

Metallomics 2019 Jan 15. Epub 2019 Jan 15.

Center for Global Health, China International Cooperation Center for Environment and Human Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. and The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.

Arsenic is an environmental toxicant and human carcinogen. The liver is the main site of arsenic storage and metabolism. Exposure to excessive arsenic causes liver damage and release of pro-inflammatory factors, which in turn lead to liver fibrosis. Read More

Med Devices Sens 2018 Feb 19;1(1). Epub 2018 Jun 19.

Department of Electrical Engineering and Materials Research Institute, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.

Iron plays a vital role in human body. Liver Iron Concentration (LIC) is directly correlated to total body iron and can be an important indicator to a variety of pathologies. Non-invasive methods to quantitatively assess tissue iron with low cost and high sensitivity have drawn vast interests and investments. Read More

ACG Case Rep J 2018 19;5:e103. Epub 2018 Dec 19.

Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.

We report a rare case of marked elevation of α-fetoprotein in the absence of hepatocellular carcinoma caused by a relapse of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. A 58-year-old man underwent liver transplantation to treat hepatocellular carcinoma caused by HCV-related liver cirrhosis. The HCV was of genotype 2a, and the ribonucleic acid titer was >8. Read More

ACG Case Rep J 2018 19;5:e102. Epub 2018 Dec 19.

Delta Pathology, Shreveport, LA.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease in liver transplant patients with donor-seronegative and recipient-seronegative (D-/R-) status is a rarity. Ganciclovir-resistant CMV disease in this population has not been reported in the literature. We present a 62-year-old man who underwent orthotopic liver transplant from a cadaveric donor. Read More

Biomed Res Int 2018 12;2018:4706976. Epub 2018 Dec 12.

Chemistry Department, Basic Sciences Center, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Mexico.

Regulation of the mechanisms of fibrosis is an important goal in the treatment of liver cirrhosis. One mechanism is the participation of hepatic stellate cells in fibrogenesis when activated by catecholamines. Consequently, / adrenoblockers are proposed as an alternative treatment for chronic liver lesions such as fibrosis and/or cirrhosis and for possible liver regeneration. Read More

Ocul Oncol Pathol 2018 Jun 19;4(4):254-260. Epub 2018 Jan 19.

Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.

Background: The liver is the most common site for metastases of several primary malignancies including uveal melanoma.

Methods: Review of imaging characteristics of incidental common benign liver lesions including hepatic cyst, hemangioma, focal nodular hyperplasia, and hepatic adenoma and contrasting them with uveal melanoma metastases.

Results: Benign hepatic lesions may be cystic or, if solid, relatively stable in size over time. Read More

Ocul Oncol Pathol 2018 Jun 16;4(4):213-219. Epub 2017 Dec 16.

Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.

Purpose: Tumors previously diagnosed as solitary fibrous tumors (SFT) and hemangiopericytomas (HPC) are characterized by the fusion gene, leading to nuclear STAT6 expression, and are now considered part of one SFT/HPC tumor entity by the 2016 World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System. We present the first primary choroidal SFT/HPC with the diagnosis confirmed by STAT6 expression.

Procedures: A 51-year-old man underwent enucleation for a choroidal mass, which revealed a spindle cell neoplasm involving the optic nerve, without extrascleral extension. Read More

J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2019 28;6:11-21. Epub 2018 Dec 28.

Department of Medical Oncology, Guy's Cancer, Guy's & St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK,

Combined hepatocellular cholangiocarcinoma (CC) is a rare and aggressive primary hepatic malignancy with significant histological and biological heterogeneity. It presents with more aggressive behavior and worse survival outcomes than either hepatocellular carcinoma or CC and remains a diagnostic challenge. An accurate diagnosis is crucial for its optimal management. Read More

Med J Islam Repub Iran 2018 10;32:69. Epub 2018 Aug 10.

Gastrointestinal & Liver Disease Research Center, Firoozgar Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

An unhealthy diet is one of the most important risk factors for chronic diseases. The goal of this study was to use the latent class analysis (LCA) modeling to define unhealthy diet habits among an Iranian population. This cross-sectional study was conducted within the framework of Amol (North of Iran) cohort health study (Phase 1). Read More

Case Rep Pathol 2018 16;2018:5140586. Epub 2018 Dec 16.

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 6 Ohio Drive, Suite 202, Lake Success, New York, 11042, USA.

Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is a rare extra-nodal B-cell lymphoma that proliferates within small/intermediate blood vessels and capillaries while sparing large blood vessels and organ parenchyma. Clinical presentation is highly variable and may include B symptoms, neurological deficits, and/or cutaneous findings. The diagnosis of IVLBCL is difficult due to multiorgan involvement and nonspecific symptoms. Read More