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Nanotechnology 2021 Apr 12. Epub 2021 Apr 12.

Physiology, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, Eastern Cape, SOUTH AFRICA.

The development of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using green approach has drawn a considerable interest in the field of nanomedicine. Its wide application in clinical diagnosis, imaging and therapeutics portrays its importance for human existence. In this study, we reported the biogenic synthesis of AuNPs using aqueous extract of Xylopia aethiopica fruit (AEXAf), which act as both reducing and stabilizing agent. Read More

Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021 Apr 9:128024. Epub 2021 Apr 9.

Université de Limoges, PEIRENE EA 7500, 87060 Limoges, France. Electronic address:

Two protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) adamantane derivatives were synthesized and then metallated with zinc. The Zn-PpIX derivatives, exhibiting a high singlet oxygen quantum yield, were tested for their photodynamic activity against the HT-29 cell line. In order to enhance their water-solubility and their cellular bioavailability, these photosensitizers were encapsulated into the hydrophobic cavity of cyclodextrins (CD) previously attached to cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) via electrostatic interactions. Read More

Neurourol Urodyn 2021 Apr 12. Epub 2021 Apr 12.

Urology Department, University Hospital Fundación Sante Fé de Bogotá, Bogotá, Colombia.

Introduction: The terminology for female and male pelvic floor muscle (PFM) assessment has expanded considerably since the first PFM function and dysfunction standardization of terminology document in 2005. New terms have entered assessment reports, and new investigations to measure PFM function and dysfunction have been developed. An update of this terminology was required to comprehensively document the terms and their definitions, and to describe the assessment method and interpretation of the finding, to standardize assessment procedures and aid diagnostic decision making. Read More

Updates Surg 2021 Apr 12. Epub 2021 Apr 12.

Division of Hepatobiliary and General Surgery, Department of Surgery, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.

Standard treatment of early recurrence of colorectal liver metastases (CLM) after liver resection (LR) is chemotherapy followed by loco-regional therapy. We reviewed the outcome of a different strategy ("test-of-time" approach): upfront percutaneous ablation without chemotherapy. Twenty-six consecutive patients with early solitary liver-only recurrence amenable to both resection and ablation (< 30 mm, distant from vessels) undergone "test-of-time" approach were analyzed. Read More

Clin Adv Hematol Oncol 2020 Jan;18 Suppl 2(1):21-23

Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Phoenix, Arizona.

Clin Adv Hematol Oncol 2020 Jan;18 Suppl 2(1):7-14

West Cancer Center and Research Institute, OneOncology, Germantown, Tennessee.

Clin Adv Hematol Oncol 2020 Jan;18 Suppl 2(1):2-7

Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Phoenix, Arizona.

Clin Adv Hematol Oncol 2020 Jan;18 Suppl 2(1):1-24

Division of Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

In clinical trials of metastatic colorectal cancer, progressive disease after second-line therapy is often defined according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors criteria. In the clinic, however, disease progression can be identified through a composite of factors, including new lesions, carcinoembryonic antigen level, and symptoms such as pain and fatigue. It is optimal to switch to third-line treatment before the patient's performance status deteriorates. Read More

Clin Adv Hematol Oncol 2021 Jan;19 Suppl 3(1):1-20

Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona.

In the setting of metastatic colorectal cancer, many gains in patient outcomes have been achieved throughout the last 2 decades. A primary driver of these gains is access to more lines of therapy. In the palliative metastatic setting, all patients ultimately progress and require continued treatment sequencing. Read More

Clin Adv Hematol Oncol 2020 Oct;18 Suppl 16(10):1-24

Division of Hematology/Oncology, Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC.

Management of metastatic colorectal cancer reflects a continuum of care. The primary treatment goals are to prolong survival while maintaining the best quality of life. The recommended standard-of-care treatments in the first-line setting consist of combination chemotherapy regimens, given with or without biologic agents. Read More

J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021 Apr 11. Epub 2021 Apr 11.

Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan.

Background And Aim: Local residual/recurrent colorectal lesions after endoscopic resection (ER) are difficult to treat with conventional ER. Underwater endoscopic mucosal resection (UEMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) are reportedly effective. We investigated the appropriate indications of ESD and UEMR for recurrent colorectal lesions. Read More

Front Oncol 2021 25;11:602194. Epub 2021 Mar 25.

Department of Clinical Oncology, St Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan.

mutations constitute an important poor prognostic factor in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) and the development of treatments in this context is of great necessity to prolong patient survival. Although the association between mutations and microsatellite instability (MSI) has been known for several years, previous clinical trials have revealed that the former has a limited prognostic impact and that immune checkpoint inhibitors offer a significant survival benefit to mCRC patients with both characteristics. Furthermore, the genomic classification of mutations according to their molecular functions enables greater understanding of the characteristics of mCRC patients with mutations, with therapeutic strategies based on this classification made more ideal to improve poor prognosis through the delivery of targeted therapies. Read More

Bioimpacts 2021 10;11(2):147-156. Epub 2020 Jun 10.

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Campus Sungai Buloh, 47000 Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia.

Metabolomic studies on various colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines have improved our understanding of the biochemical events underlying the disease. However, the metabolic profile dynamics associated with different stages of CRC progression is still lacking. Such information can provide further insights into the pathophysiology and progression of the disease that will prove useful in identifying specific targets for drug designing and therapeutics. Read More

Gland Surg 2021 Mar;10(3):1235-1243

Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea.

Ovarian malignancy is a leading cause of death caused by gynecologic cancer worldwide because it is mainly found in the advanced stage and recurs in most patients even after cytoreductive surgery and intravenous (IV) chemotherapy. Prevention of recurrence of primary disease and treatment of recurrent ovarian cancer are still remained as major interest and lots of researchers investigate novel treatment to find optimal method. Even though intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy turns out to increase the overall survival, it is not widely used because of adverse event. Read More

Am J Transl Res 2021 15;13(3):1535-1547. Epub 2021 Mar 15.

Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University Jinzhou 121000, China.

Although blocking programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) has emerged as a standard treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC), a vast majority of CRC patients still respond poorly to anti-PD-1 immunotherapy. In this study, we showed that the levels of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) and its catabolite kynurenine (Kyn) were higher in late stages (stages III and IV) than in early stages (stages I and II) of CRC patients. We found that Kyn could induce the expression of immune checkpoints and exhaustion markers in CD8 tumor-infiltrating T cells. Read More

Value Health 2021 Apr 10;24(4):585-591. Epub 2021 Feb 10.

Innsbruck Institute of Patient-centered Outcome Research (IIPCOR), Innsbruck, Austria.

Objectives: In our systematic review, we assessed past and current practice of patient-reported outcome (PRO) measurement in cancer randomized, controlled trials (RCTs).

Methods: We included RCTs with PRO endpoints evaluating conventional medical treatments, conducted in patients with the most prevalent solid tumor types (breast, lung, colorectal, prostate, bladder, and gynecological cancers) and either published in 2004 to 2018 or registered on clinicaltrials.gov and initiated in 2014 to 2019. Read More

Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021 Apr 10. Epub 2021 Apr 10.

Department of Medical Imaging, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

Purpose: To systematically review all current evidence into the dose-response relation of yttrium-90 and holmium-166 selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) in primary and secondary liver cancer.

Methods: A standardized search was performed in PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase, and the Cochrane Library in order to identify all published articles on dose-response evaluation in SIRT. In order to limit the results, all articles that investigated SIRT in combination with other therapy modalities (such as chemotherapy) were excluded. Read More

BJS Open 2021 Mar;5(2)

Non-Profit Organization to Support Peritoneal Surface Malignancy Treatment Japanese/Asian School of Peritoneal Surface Oncology, Kyoto Japan.

Background: Chemosensitivity testing, including collagen gel droplet-embedded culture drug sensitivity test, has proven to be a useful tool in therapeutic decision-making. This retrospective analysis investigated chemosensitivity testing of peritoneal metastases collected during cytoreductive surgery (CRS), and its impact on survival in patients with colorectal cancer.

Methods: All patients with peritoneal metastasis from colorectal cancer who underwent CRS with or without hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) between November 2008 and October 2014 were included. Read More

Biochemistry (Mosc) 2021 Mar;86(3):262-274

School of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Advanced Research, Koba Institutional Area, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382426, India.

Altered expression of cellular redox genes and proteins contributes to invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance in cancer. NADPH oxidase (NOX) isoforms are the pro-oxidant enzymes that generate ROS as a primary product. Dysregulation of NOX activity and expression alters ROS generation, which either directly or indirectly modulates cell death and survival signaling during the progression of cancer. Read More

Cancer Treat Rev 2021 Mar 30;97:102202. Epub 2021 Mar 30.

Asklepios Tumorzentrum Hamburg AK Altona, Hamburg, Germany.

Background: The real impact of bevacizumab maintenance as single agent in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) remains unclear. SAKK-41/06 and PRODIGE-9 failed to demonstrate the non-inferiority and superiority of bevacizumab versus no maintenance, respectively, while AIO-KRK-0207 showed the non-inferiority of maintenance bevacizumab versus bevacizumab and fluoropyrimidines for time to strategy failure.

Methods: Bibliography electronic databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) were searched for English published clinical trials prospectively randomizing mCRC patients to receive bevacizumab maintenance or not after first-line chemotherapy plus bevacizumab. Read More

Transl Oncol 2021 Apr 7;14(7):101089. Epub 2021 Apr 7.

Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No. 100 Tzyou 1st Road, Kaohsiung City 807, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan; Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Center for Liquid Biopsy and Cohort Research, Taiwan. Electronic address:

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and hyperglycemia have been shown to have significant effects on the incidence, chemoresistance, and prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC), as well as the outcomes of localized and metastatic CRC. Inflammation and endocrine effects may act as central mechanisms of DM and cancer and stimulate the insulin-like growth factor 1-phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt-mammalian target of rapamycin (IGF-1-PI3K-AKT-mTOR) pathway. Dysregulation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway leads to metabolic imbalance and indicates cancer risk. Read More

Cancer Med 2021 Apr 10. Epub 2021 Apr 10.

Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China.

Recent studies have identified microRNAs (miRNAs) as a compelling novel class of biomarker in colorectal cancer (CRC) development and metastasis. Here, we demonstrated that the level of plasma exosomal miR-140-3p in CRC patients was lower than that in healthy controls. The decreased miR-140-3p level was also observed in CRC patients with liver metastasis. Read More

Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021 Apr 10;4:CD013155. Epub 2021 Apr 10.

Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK.

Background: Approximately 40% to 95% of people with liver cirrhosis have oesophageal varices. About 15% to 20% of oesophageal varices bleed within about one to three years after diagnosis. Several different treatments are available, including, among others, endoscopic sclerotherapy, variceal band ligation, somatostatin analogues, vasopressin analogues, and balloon tamponade. Read More

Cancer Discov 2021 Apr 9. Epub 2021 Apr 9.

Cancer Programme, Wellcome Sanger Institute

Targeted therapies, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy are used to treat patients with mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR)/microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) colorectal cancer (CRC). The clinical effectiveness of targeted therapy and chemotherapy is limited by resistance and drug toxicities, and about half of immunotherapy patients are refractory to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Loss of Werner syndrome ATP-dependent helicase (WRN) is a synthetic-lethality in dMMR/MSI-H cells. Read More

Cell Biosci 2021 Apr 9;11(1):72. Epub 2021 Apr 9.

Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.

As the predominant modification in RNA, N-methyladenosine (mA) has attracted increasing attention in the past few years since it plays vital roles in many biological processes. This chemical modification is dynamic, reversible and regulated by several methyltransferases, demethylases and proteins that recognize mA modification. MA modification exists in messenger RNA and affects their splicing, nuclear export, stability, decay, and translation, thereby modulating gene expression. Read More

BMC Cancer 2021 Apr 9;21(1):392. Epub 2021 Apr 9.

School of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, Johannesburg, Republic of South Africa.

Background: The 37 kDa/67 kDa laminin receptor (LRP/LR) is involved in several tumourigenic-promoting processes including cellular viability maintenance and apoptotic evasion. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the molecular mechanism of LRP/LR on apoptotic pathways in late stage (DLD-1) colorectal cancer cells upon siRNA-mediated down-regulation of LRP/LR.

Methods: siRNAs were used to down-regulate the expression of LRP/LR in DLD-1 cells which was assessed using western blotting and qPCR. Read More

BMC Cancer 2021 Apr 9;21(1):387. Epub 2021 Apr 9.

Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986861 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-6861, USA.

Background: Cancer patients with brain metastases (BMs) require multidisciplinary care, and treatment facility may play a role. This study aimed to investigate the impact of receiving treatment at academic centers on the overall survival (OS) of cancer patients with brain metastases (BMs) regardless of the primary cancer site.

Methods: This retrospective analysis of the National Cancer Database (NCDB) included patients diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer, small-cell lung cancer, other types of lung cancer, breast cancer, melanoma, colorectal cancer, and kidney cancer and had brain metastases at the time of diagnosis. Read More

BMC Cancer 2021 Apr 9;21(1):380. Epub 2021 Apr 9.

Department of Oncology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, No.354 Beima Road, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, 300120, China.

Background: Identifying gene mutation signatures will enable a better understanding for the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer (CRC), and provide some potential biomarkers for clinical practice. Currently, however, there is still few effective biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognostic judgment in CRC patients. The purpose was to identify novel mutation signatures for the diagnosis and prognosis of CRC. Read More

ChemMedChem 2021 Apr 8. Epub 2021 Apr 8.

Indian Institute of Technology BHU, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, IIT-BHU, 221005, Varanasi, INDIA.

Recently fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) inhibitors have come in a limelight due to their anti-proliferative potential. Both FAAH and MAGL are the endocannabinoid degrading enzymes that hydrolyze several endogenous ligands, mainly anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonic glycerol (2-AG), which regulated the various pathophysiological condition of the body like emotion, cognition, energy balance, pain sensation, neuro-inflammation, and cancer cell proliferation. FAAH and MAGL inhibitors block the metabolism of AEA and 2-AG, and increases endogenous levels of fatty acid amides, and exert various therapeutic effects including chronic pain, metabolic disorders, psychoses, nausea and vomiting, depression, and anxiety disorders, etc. Read More

Onco Targets Ther 2021 31;14:2259-2277. Epub 2021 Mar 31.

Public Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300060, People's Republic of China.

Background And Aim: Uncontrolled proliferation is the most prominent biological feature of tumors. In order to rapidly proliferate, tumor cells regulate their metabolic behavior by controlling the expression of metabolism-related genes (MRGs) to maximize the utilization of available nutrients. In this study, we aimed to construct prognosis models for colorectal adenocarcinoma (COAD) and rectum adenocarcinoma (READ) using MRGs to predict the prognoses of patients. Read More