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AIDS 2021 Jun;35(7):1137-1138

David J. Moore, HIV Neurobehavioral Research Program, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.

Sleep Med 2021 Apr 20;82:172-178. Epub 2021 Apr 20.

Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinic, Giresun University Maternity and Children Training and Research Hospital, Giresun, Turkey.

Background: A wide variety of psychiatric conditions are associated with social cognitive deficits. The relationship between social cognition and many factors, especially executive functions (EF), has been examined, but there is no study examining sleep and social cognition in children with attention deficit activity disorder (ADHD). It is important to find new approaches and intervention areas to improve their social cognitive skills. Read More

J Chem Neuroanat 2021 May 1:101962. Epub 2021 May 1.

Oslo University Hospital, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo, Norway. Electronic address:

Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) is the main membrane water channel in the brain involved in regulating water homeostasis. The water distribution in neural tissue is often dysregulated after hypoxic neural injury. Previous research has indicated that victims of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and sudden unexplained death in childhood (SUDC) have an underlying brain dysfunction that impairs their critical arousal response to hypoxic stress during sleep. Read More

Appetite 2021 May 1:105273. Epub 2021 May 1.

Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; School of Medicine & Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia. Electronic address:

Reduced energy intake is a major driver of weight loss and evidence suggests that physical activity, dietary, and sleep behaviours interact to influence energy intake. Energy restriction can be challenging to sustain. Therefore to improve intervention efficacy, evaluation of how changes in physical activity, diet, and sleep behaviours mediate reduced energy intake in adults with overweight/obesity who participated in a six-month multiple-behaviour-change weight loss intervention was undertaken. Read More

Ann Thorac Surg 2021 May 1. Epub 2021 May 1.

Department of Surgery, Section of Cardiac Surgery, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT.

Background: Due to the limited published information on complications that obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients experience during and after cardiac surgery, we are investigating OSA as a risk factor for post-operative outcomes.

Methods: This project utilized the Northern New England Cardiovascular Disease Study Group's data collected between 2011 and 2017 based on the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Adult Cardiac Surgery Database Data Collections form. A retrospective analysis of 1,555 patients with OSA and 10,450 patients without OSA, across 5 medical centers undergoing isolated CABG, isolated valve, combined CABG valve surgery was conducted. Read More

Neuroscience 2021 May 1. Epub 2021 May 1.

Laboratory of Autoimmunity and Immunopharmacology (LAIF), Department of Health Sciences, Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88906-072 Araranguá, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program of Neuroscience, Center of Biological Science, Campus Florianópolis, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Brazil. Electronic address:

Fibromyalgia (FM) is characterized by chronic pain and associated comorbidities such as fatigue, anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders. There is a large amount of evidence regarding the benefits of physical exercise in controlling chronic pain. However, there is no consensus on which exercise modality is most suitable and the real benefits of this intervention to treat FM symptoms. Read More

Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2021 May 4. Epub 2021 May 4.

The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong;

This study aimed to investigate the extent to which preschool children in Hong Kong meet the WHO 24-hour movement guidelines and to examine the associations between meeting the guidelines and body weight status. Data from 251 preschoolers (141 boys) aged between three and six years old were analysed. The children wore an activPAL for seven consecutive days to measure physical activity and sleep. Read More

PLoS One 2021 4;16(5):e0250985. Epub 2021 May 4.

Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Amhara, Ethiopia.

Background: Sleep is a physiologic necessity for all humankind. Pregnant women, in particular, need adequate sleep to develop their fetuses as well as save energy required for delivery. A change in sleep quality and quantity is the most common phenomena during pregnancy due to mechanical and hormonal factors. Read More

Hippocampus 2021 May 4. Epub 2021 May 4.

Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.

The hippocampal formation plays established roles in learning, memory, and related cognitive functions. Recent findings also suggest that the hippocampus integrates sensory feedback from self-generated movements to modulate ongoing motor responses in a changing environment. Such findings support the view of Bland and Oddie (Behavioural Brain Research, 2001, 127, 119-136) that the hippocampus is a site of sensorimotor integration. Read More

Pain Ther 2021 May 4. Epub 2021 May 4.

Kiel Migraine and Headache Centre, Kiel, Germany.

Introduction: Cluster headaches can occur with considerable clinical variability. The inter- and intra-individual variability could contribute to the fact that the clinical headache phenotype is not captured by too strict diagnostic criteria, and that the diagnosis and the effective therapy are thereby delayed. The aim of the study was to analyze the severity and extent of the clinical symptoms of episodic and chronic cluster headaches with regard to their variability and to compare them with the requirements of the International Classification of Headache Disorders 3rd edition (ICHD-3) diagnostic criteria. Read More

Heart Fail Rev 2021 May 4. Epub 2021 May 4.

Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8655, Tokyo, Japan.

Heart failure is a major contributor to healthcare expenditures. Many clinical risk factors for the development and exacerbation of heart failure had been reported, including diabetes, renal dysfunction, and respiratory disease. In addition to these clinical parameters, the effects of social factors, such as occupation or lifestyle, and environmental factors may have a great impact on disease development and progression of heart failure. Read More

Mol Biol Evol 2021 May 3. Epub 2021 May 3.

Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.

Arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) plays a crucial role in synchronizing internal biological functions to circadian and circannual changes. Generally speaking, only one copy of AANAT gene has been found in mammals, however, three independent duplications of this gene were detected in several cetartiodactyl lineages (i.e. Read More

Ann Behav Med 2021 May 4. Epub 2021 May 4.

Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, CAUSA.

Background: Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBTI) targets changing dysfunctional sleep-related beliefs. The impact of these changes on daytime functioning in older adults is unknown.

Purpose: We examined whether changes in sleep-related beliefs from pre- to post-CBTI predicted changes in sleep and other outcomes in older adults. Read More

Acta Biomed 2021 Apr 30;92(S1):e2021138. Epub 2021 Apr 30.

Department of Pulmonary Medicine Sarojini Naidu Medical College, Agra.

Pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis (PLCH) is a rare idiopathic cystic interstitial granulomatous lung disease seen almost exclusively in cigarette smokers. It typically occurs between 20-40 years of age and equally distributed among both sexes. Management includes smoking cessation, avoidance of second-hand smoke, and close follow-up. Read More

Eur J Sport Sci 2021 May 4:1-18. Epub 2021 May 4.

Sport Ireland Institute, National Sports Campus, Abbotstown, Dublin, Ireland.

As with much of science, the female athlete is under researched, particularly in the area of gastrointestinal (GI) physiology. Gut function is of pivotal importance to athletes in that it supports digestion and absorption of nutrients, as well as providing a barrier between the external environment and the circulation. While sex-derived differences in GI structure and function have been well characterised at rest, there remains a paucity of data examining this during exercise. Read More

Dev Neurorehabil 2021 May 4:1-10. Epub 2021 May 4.

Telethon Kids Institute, Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.

: To describe and explore carer quality of life (QoL) and night-time attendance to their child in parents of non-ambulant youth with Neuromuscular Disorders. A cross-sectional population-based, comprehensive survey including the Adult Carer QoL (AC-QoL) questionnaire, measures of social context and youths' physical status. Associations between carer-QoL or frequency of parents' night-time attendance with independent variables were explored using linear and logistic regression models, respectively. Read More

J Sleep Res 2021 May 4:e13380. Epub 2021 May 4.

Institute and Polyclinic for Occupational- Social- and Environmental Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.

Cardiovascular diseases cause >4 million deaths each year in Europe alone. Preventive approaches that do not only consider individual risk factors but their interaction, such as the Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE), are recommended by European guidelines. Increased cardiovascular risk is associated with shift-work, surely interacting with the concurrent conditions: disruption of sleep, unhealthy behaviours, and circadian misalignment. Read More

Lung India 2021 May-Jun;38(3):297-299

Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India.

Lung India 2021 May-Jun;38(3):273-276

Department of Pathology, AIIMS, New Delhi, India.

An 81-year-old male presented with a background history of progressive shortness of breath for 3 years with recent worsening in the past 6 months. Clinicoradiological investigations were consistent with a nonresolving consolidation involving predominantly right lung. This clinicopathologic conference discusses the differential diagnoses of pneumonia of long-standing duration and their management options. Read More

Lung India 2021 May-Jun;38(3):269-272

Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Central airway obstruction is a common complication of advanced esophageal carcinoma requiring bronchoscopic evaluation and intervention by a pulmonologist. Airway assessment by flexible bronchoscopy is crucial for the selection of the most suitable modality for the management of central airway obstruction. In such situations, flexible bronchoscopy may however be complicated by the development of hypoxemia. Read More

Lung India 2021 May-Jun;38(3):223-228

Department of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Background: Guidelines for flexible bronchoscopy in adults recommend both Cricothyroid and Spray-as-you-go method as the acceptable techniques for lignocaine administration. No studies have compared these two methods for topical anesthesia during endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA).

Objectives: Co-primary outcomes were the comparison of cough count and operator-rated overall procedure satisfaction on a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) between the groups. Read More

J Menopausal Med 2021 Apr;27(1):1-7

Division of Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.

Postmenopausal atrophic vaginitis, along with vasomotor symptoms and sleep disorders, is one of the most troublesome symptoms of menopause. However, many women do not manage this symptom properly due to insufficient knowledge of the symptoms or sexual embarrassment. With appropriate treatment, many postmenopausal women can experience relief from discomforts, including burning sensation or dryness of the vagina and dyspareunia. Read More

J Sleep Res 2021 May 3:e13373. Epub 2021 May 3.

Unité Fatigue et Vigilance, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Brétigny-sur-Orge, France.

The piezoelectric cage-floor sensors have been used to successfully dissect sleep patterns in mice based on signal features related to respiration and body movements. We studied performance of the piezoelectric system to quantify the sleep-wake pattern in the rat over 7 days of recording compared with a visual electroencephalogram/electromyogram scoring, and under two light/dark (LD12:12 and LD16:8) photoperiods leading to change in the 24-hr sleep characteristics (N = 7 per group). The total sleep time (%/24 hr) over the 7 days recording and hourly sleep time over the last 24-hr recording were not statistically different between methods under the two photoperiods. Read More

J Sleep Res 2021 May 3:e13376. Epub 2021 May 3.

Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, M58, Huddinge Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.

The objectives were to investigate the potential for sleep-related behaviours, acceptance and cognitions to predict outcome (insomnia severity) of cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I). Baseline and outcome data from four randomised controlled trials (n = 276) were used. Predictors were the Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep-10 (DBAS-10), Sleep-Related Behaviours Questionnaire (SRBQ), and Sleep Problems Acceptance Questionnaire (SPAQ), and empirically derived factors from a factor analysis combining all items at baseline (n = 835). Read More

Eur J Neurosci 2021 May 3. Epub 2021 May 3.

Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) acting through heteropentameric GABA receptors plays a pivotal role in the sleep-promoting circuitry. Whereas the role of the different GABA receptor α-subunits in sleep regulation and in mediating the effect of benzodiazepines for treatment of insomnia is well-described, the β-subunits are less studied. Here we report the first study characterizing sleep in mice lacking the GABA receptor β -subunit (β mice). Read More

Acta Paediatr 2021 May 3. Epub 2021 May 3.

Discipline of Paediatrics, Trinity College, University of Dublin.

Aim: Neonatal encephalopathy (NE) is associated with altered cognitive, motor, sensory abilities and behavioural outcomes. This case-control study aimed to assess whether Quality of Life (QoL) and sleep disorders are affected in older children following NE compared to age-matched controls.

Methods: Children at school-age post-NE were recruited and compared to age-matched controls. Read More

Mov Disord 2021 May 3. Epub 2021 May 3.

Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.

Background: Prodromal Parkinson's disease of skin, genitourinary, and gastrointestinal systems offers a unique window for understanding early disease pathogenesis and developing disease modifying treatments. However, prior studies are limited by incomplete timing information, small sample size, and lack of adjustment for known confounders. Verifying prodromal timing and identifying new disorders in these accessible organs is critically important given their broad use. Read More

J Clin Lab Anal 2021 May 4:e23790. Epub 2021 May 4.

Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.

Background: Systemic inflammation has a critical role in the pathogenesis of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Interleukin (IL)-35 and IL-37 have been identified as novel immune-modulating cytokines with anti-inflammatory activities in numerous types of inflammatory disease. The present study aimed to examine the serum levels of IL-35 and IL-37 in patients with OSA, and to investigate their associations with the severity of OSA. Read More

Int J Dev Neurosci 2021 May 3. Epub 2021 May 3.

Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.

Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) is one of the most important mental disorders in recent years. However, the effects of prenatal sleep disorders on the development of postpartum depression among pregnant women have not been elucidated. . Read More

Psychophysiology 2021 May 4:e13824. Epub 2021 May 4.

Division of Cognitive Biopsychology and Methods, Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.

Our thoughts can influence sleep, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. According to the theory of "embodied cognition," the semantic content of cognitive processes is represented by multimodal networks in the brain, which include body-related functions. Such multimodal representations could offer a mechanism, which explains mutual influences between cognition and sleep. Read More