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Front Vet Sci 2021 23;8:607491. Epub 2021 Mar 23.

Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China.

is a common food-borne Gram-negative pathogen with multiple serotypes. Pullorum disease, caused by Pullorum, seriously threatens the poultry industry. Many previous studies were focused on the epidemiological characteristics of infections in conventional antibiotic use poultry. Read More

Transbound Emerg Dis 2021 Apr 5. Epub 2021 Apr 5.

Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Joint FAO, IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Wagramer Strasse 5, P.O. Box 100, A-1400, Vienna, Austria.

African swine fever (ASF) is a severe hemorrhagic disease of domestic and wild pigs caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV). In recent years, ASF has steadily spread toward new geographical areas, reaching Europe and Asia. On January 15th, 2019, Mongolia reported its first ASF outbreak to the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), becoming, after China, the second country in the region affected by the disease. Read More

Viruses 2021 Mar 5;13(3). Epub 2021 Mar 5.

Center for Biotechnology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka.

Genetic variations in dengue virus (DENV) play a distinct role in epidemic emergence. The DENV 3' UTR has become a recent interest in research. The objective of the study was to examine the genetic variation in the domain II, 3' UTR region of human and mosquito-derived DENV. Read More

Transbound Emerg Dis 2021 Mar 18. Epub 2021 Mar 18.

Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.

Rats are an important maintenance host of Leptospira spp., the causative agents of leptospirosis, a zoonotic disease with worldwide distribution. Rats are traded as food in the Mekong Delta, where Cambodia exports tons of rats to Vietnam. Read More

Transbound Emerg Dis 2021 Mar 16. Epub 2021 Mar 16.

Animal Production and Health Section, Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, Vienna, Austria.

African swine fever (ASF) is a highly lethal and contagious viral haemorrhagic disease of domestic and wild pigs, caused by the ASF virus (ASFV). After entering China in 2018, the disease has continued to spread through Asia. In September 2019, a team from the Indonesian Research Center for Veterinary Science, Bogor, investigated outbreaks in backyard pigs in the Dairi and Humbang Hasundutan districts of North Sumatra province. Read More

Front Microbiol 2021 5;12:632935. Epub 2021 Feb 5.

Institute of Food Safety, Food Technology and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.

A large part of foodborne outbreaks related to are linked to meat and meat products. Especially, recontamination of meat products and deli-meat during slicing, packaging, and repackaging is in the focus of food authorities. In that regard, persistence in multi-species biofilms is one major issue, since they survive elaborate cleaning and disinfection measures. Read More

Nat Commun 2021 02 17;12(1):1102. Epub 2021 Feb 17.

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.

The four-dengue virus (DENV) serotypes infect several hundred million people annually. For the greatest safety and efficacy, tetravalent DENV vaccines are designed to stimulate balanced protective immunity to all four serotypes. However, this has been difficult to achieve. Read More

Trop Anim Health Prod 2021 Jan 29;53(1):146. Epub 2021 Jan 29.

Postgraduate Program of Animal Science, Faculty of Agronomy and Zootechnics, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the dispersion dynamics and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Salmonella in the processing of Tambatinga (Colossoma macropomum x Piaractus brachypomus). Thirty fish were monitored during four processing stages (reception, first wash, evisceration, and prepackage area) in a fish slaughterhouse. One hundred and twenty fish surface samples were collected and tested through bacteriological analysis, PCR, serotyping, and antimicrobial resistance profile (disk-diffusion). Read More

Pathogens 2021 Jan 25;10(2). Epub 2021 Jan 25.

Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain.

Few studies have focused on assessing infection in the nursery and its role in further pig production periods. Mesenteric lymph nodes, intestinal content, and meat juice from 389 6-week-old male piglets intended for human consumption from five breeding farms and 191 pooled floor fecal samples from gilt development units (GDU) from the same farms were analyzed to estimate and characterize (by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and antimicrobial resistance analyses) infection. The prevalence of infection and shedding among piglets was 36. Read More

Avian Dis 2021 Jan 26. Epub 2021 Jan 26.

Anhui Agricultural University 130 Changjiang West Road CHINA Hefei 230036 +86 551 65786328.

Duck viral hepatitis (DVH) mainly affects ducklings under 1 month of age, causes liver necrosis, enlargement, and hemorrhage, and is highly lethal, seriously jeopardizing the duck industry. The prevalence of serotypes DHAV-1 and DAstV-3 is increasing, and co-infection is common. Moreover, the similar clinical characteristics of the DHAV-1 and DAstV-3 infections and high frequency of co-infection make diagnosis difficult. Read More

Foodborne Pathog Dis 2021 Feb 25;18(2):139-146. Epub 2021 Jan 25.

Department of Microbiology, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, P.R. China.

The previous researches revealed that has been detected in freshwater fish samples. However, the molecular characteristics of isolated from freshwater fish, including pathogenic and pandemic strains, are still unknown. This study aims to characterize and identify molecular properties of the bacterium. Read More

PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021 Jan 19;15(1):e0008992. Epub 2021 Jan 19.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America.

Background: Dengue Fever (DF) is a viral disease primarily transmitted by Aedes (Ae.) aegypti mosquitoes. Outbreaks in Eastern Ethiopia were reported during 2014-2016. Read More

J Food Prot 2021 Jan 7. Epub 2021 Jan 7.

North Carolina State University.

The foodborne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes lives as a saprophyte in nature and can adhere to and grows on surfaces as diverse as leaves, sediment, and stainless steel. To discern the mechanisms used by L. monocytogenes for attachment and growth on various surfaces, we studied interactions between the pathogen on lettuce and stainless steel. Read More

Front Microbiol 2020 18;11:592146. Epub 2020 Dec 18.

State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

To investigate the prevalence, probable mechanisms and serotype correlation of colistin resistance in clinical isolates of from patients in China, isolates were collected from fecal and blood samples of patients. In this study, 42.8% (136/318) clinical isolated were resistant to colistin. Read More

Front Microbiol 2020 15;11:551020. Epub 2020 Dec 15.

Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China.

is an etiologic agent of listeriosis, and has emerged as an important foodborne pathogen worldwide. In this study, the molecular characteristics of 155 isolates from seven food groups in Shanghai, the biggest city in China, were identified using whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Most isolates (79. Read More

Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2020 Dec;41(12):2119-2124

Hunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Microbial Molecular Biology of Hunan Province, Changsha 410005, China.

To analyze the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of a dengue fever outbreak in Hunan province in 2018. Real-time PCR assay was performed for the laboratory diagnosis of 8 suspected dengue fever cases. Etiological surveillance was performed in 186 suspected dengue fever cases and fever cases who had close contacts with dengue fever patients. Read More

Avian Dis 2020 12;64(4):467-470

Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama USA 36849.

Salmonella enterica serotypes Enteritidis (SE) and Heidelberg (SH) are consistently linked to poultry-related foodborne outbreaks and can be isolated from broiler parts in processing facilities. In order to control this pathogen's establishment in the broiler, entryways at the farm that lead to colonization must be considered. The objective of these trials was to determine if the inoculation route of either SE or SH altered its recovery in a market-age broiler's digestive tract if chicks were dosed on day of hatch. Read More

PLoS One 2020 21;15(12):e0243375. Epub 2020 Dec 21.

Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil.

Background: Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B remains a prominent cause of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) in Brazil. Because two novel protein-based vaccines against serogroup B are available, the main purpose of this study was to provide data on the diversity and distribution of meningococcal vaccine antigen types circulating in Brazil.

Methodology: Genetic lineages, vaccine antigen types, and allele types of antimicrobial-associated resistance genes based on whole-genome sequencing of a collection of 145 Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B invasive strains recovered in Brazil from 2016 to 2018 were collected. Read More

Pathogens 2020 Dec 16;9(12). Epub 2020 Dec 16.

Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada.

is a recently described aquatic bacterium and opportunistic pathogen, closely related to and often coexisting with To study the relative abundance and population dynamics of both species in aquatic environments of cholera-endemic and cholera-free regions, we developed a multiplex qPCR assay allowing simultaneous quantification of total and (including toxigenic and O1 serogroup) cells. The presence of was restricted to samples from regions that are not endemic for cholera, where it was found at 20% of the abundance of . In this environment, non-toxigenic O1 serogroup represents almost one-fifth of the total population. Read More

Vet World 2020 Oct 5;13(10):2092-2096. Epub 2020 Oct 5.

Department of Animal Husbandry, Andhra Pradesh Veterinary Biological Research Institute, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Background And Aim: Bluetongue (BT) is a major disease of sheep and goats and is endemic to India. It is known to cause significant economic losses to the sheep industry. The current study aimed to determine the type-specific seroprevalence of BT in sheep population of India during 2018-2019. Read More

J Virol 2021 Jan 28;95(4). Epub 2021 Jan 28.

Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom

The human adenovirus (HAdV) phylogenetic tree is diverse, divided across seven species and comprising over 100 individual types. Species D HAdV are rarely isolated with low rates of preexisting immunity, making them appealing for therapeutic applications. Several species D vectors have been developed as vaccines against infectious diseases, where they induce robust immunity in preclinical models and early phase clinical trials. Read More

mBio 2020 11 10;11(6). Epub 2020 Nov 10.

TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, TEDA, Tianjin, People's Republic of China

The large intestinal pathogen enterohemorrhagic (EHEC) O157:H7 detects host cues to regulate virulence gene expression during colonization and infection. However, virulence regulatory mechanisms of EHEC O157:H7 in the human large intestine are not fully understood. Herein, we identified a virulence-regulating pathway where the PhoQ/PhoP two-component regulatory system senses low magnesium levels and signals to the O island 119-encoded Z4267 (LmiA; low magnesium-induced regulator A), directly activating loci of enterocyte effacement genes to promote EHEC O157:H7 adherence in the large intestine. Read More

mBio 2020 11 10;11(6). Epub 2020 Nov 10.

Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.

serogroup O1 is responsible for epidemic and pandemic cholera and remains a global public health threat. This organism has been well established as a resident flora of the aquatic environment that alters its phenotypic and genotypic attributes for better adaptation to the environment. To reveal the diversity of clinical isolates of O1 in the Bay of Bengal, we performed whole-genome sequencing of isolates from Kolkata, India, and Dhaka, Bangladesh, collected between 2009 and 2016. Read More

Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2020 Dec 20;19:236-249. Epub 2020 Sep 20.

Department of Cancer Biology & Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.

Adipose tissue is one of the largest organs, playing important roles in physiology and pathologies of multiple diseases. However, research related to adeno-associated virus (AAV) targeting adipose tissue has been left far behind studies carried out in the liver, brain, heart, and muscle. Despite initial reports indicating poor performance, AAV-mediated gene delivery to adipose tissue has continued to rise during the past two decades. Read More

J Med Virol 2020 Oct 22. Epub 2020 Oct 22.

Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.

Most dengue virus (DENV) infections remain asymptomatic. This increases the risk of DENV transfusion transmission (TT-DENV) during outbreaks. We evaluated DENV viremia in 8475 blood donations assembled in minipools for the presence of DENV RNA. Read More

Hum Gene Ther 2021 Jan 22. Epub 2021 Jan 22.

Sanofi Biologics Development, Bioanalytics, Framingham, Massachusetts, USA.

The capsid protein purity of adeno-associated virus (AAV) is considered a critical quality attribute of AAV-based gene therapy products. However, the analytical methods currently available to monitor the viral capsid proteins, which are present in extremely low concentrations, have limited sensitivity and robustness, thus limiting their general applicability. As a result, there is an urgent need to develop robust separation methods with highly sensitive detection. Read More

PLoS One 2020 19;15(10):e0240590. Epub 2020 Oct 19.

Department of Pathogen, Infection and Immunity, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan.

Invasive Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) infections are increasingly common among neonates and the elderly. Therefore, GBS surveillance for better antibiotic treatment and prophylaxis strategies are needed. We retrospectively evaluated the clinical aspects of invasive infections and the phenotypic and genetic diversity of infectious isolates from Nara, Japan, collected between 2007 and 2016, by using information from hospital records. Read More

Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 2020 Oct;52(5):845-850

Objective: To investigate the expression efficiency of exogenous gene mediated by different serotypes of adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors in retina, and to compare the expression efficiency of AAV vector and two kinds of promoters commonly used in ophthalmology after transfection into mouse retina, so as to provide the basis for selecting appropriate AAV vector and promoter for gene therapy of retinitis pigmentosa.

Methods: AAV2/2, AAV2/5, AAV2/8 and AAV2/9 were prepared. The C57BL/6J mice were injected subretinally with 1 μL purified AAV vectors (1. Read More

Viral Immunol 2021 Mar 8;34(2):62-67. Epub 2020 Oct 8.

Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a pediatric public health concern in Asia. Surveillance data on the circulating serotypes of HFMD suggest that A71 (EV-A71) and coxsackieviruses A6, A10, and A16 (CVA6, CVA10, and CVA16) are the major serotypes causing HFMD. Asian countries, including Korea, are currently developing a multivalent vaccine targeting these serotypes. Read More

Emerg Microbes Infect 2020 Dec;9(1):2266-2268

Department of Respiratory Medicine, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki City, Japan.

A 68-year-old Japanese man was admitted to our hospital for an acute febrile illness with shivering and impaired consciousness. He was a previous smoker and had a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, for which he inhaled steroid with a long-acting bronchodilator. He had received a 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination 2 years previously. Read More