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Arch Biochem Biophys 2021 Apr 17:108885. Epub 2021 Apr 17.

Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38453, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:

Induction of white fat browning (beiging) and activation of brown fat has been considered a promising strategy to treat obesity and associated metabolic complications. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating brown and beige fat-mediated thermogenesis remains unclear. Our study aimed to identify genes with a hitherto unknown mechanism in the metabolic functions of adipocytes and identified family with sequence similarity 107, member A (FAM107A) as a factor that interferes with fat browning in white adipocytes. Read More

J Am Soc Nephrol 2021 Apr 19. Epub 2021 Apr 19.

Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana

Background: The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a network of proteins and glycosaminoglycans that provides structural and biochemical cues to cells. In the kidney, the ECM is critical for nephrogenesis; however, the dynamics of ECM composition and how it relates to 3D structure during development is unknown.

Methods: Using embryonic day 14. Read More

J Am Soc Nephrol 2021 Apr 19. Epub 2021 Apr 19.

Division of CKD Pathophysiology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

Background: The sympathetic nervous system regulates immune cell dynamics. However, the detailed role of sympathetic signaling in inflammatory diseases is still unclear because it varies according to the disease situation and responsible cell types. This study focused on identifying the functions of sympathetic signaling in macrophages in LPS-induced sepsis and renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). Read More

J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021 Apr 19;40(1):138. Epub 2021 Apr 19.

Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Murtenstrasse 50, 3008, Bern, Switzerland.

Background: Pemetrexed (MTA) plus cisplatin combination therapy is considered the standard of care for patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, in advanced NSCLC, the 5-year survival rate is below 10%, mainly due to resistance to therapy. We have previously shown that the fraction of mesenchymal-like, chemotherapy-resistant paraclone cells increased after MTA and cisplatin combination therapy in the NSCLC cell line A549. Read More

New Phytol 1994 Sep;128(1):173-179

Division of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow-226015, India.

Two lemongrasses. Cymbopogon nardus. (L. Read More

New Phytol 1989 Mar;111(3):413-421

Institut für Biologie III (Pflanzenphysiologie) RWTH Aachen, Worringerweg, H-5100 Aachen, West Germany.

Near-isogenic lines of the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar Prelude, currying either the sr5 gene for susceptibility or the Sr5 allele for resistance to stem rust (Puccinia graminis Pers. f. Read More

New Phytol 2004 Mar 8;161(3):855-863. Epub 2004 Jan 8.

UMR INRA 1088/CNRS 5184/U. Bourgogne Plante-Microbe-Environnement, INRA-CMSE, BP 86510, F-21065 Dijon cedex, France.

•  Beneficial rhizosphere microorganisms may share similar molecular steps during root colonization. To test this hypothesis, we compared Medicago truncatula Gaertn. gene expression in roots colonized, or not colonized, by Glomus mosseae BEG12, Pseudomonas fluorescens C7R12 or Sinorhizobium meliloti 2011. Read More

New Phytol 2004 Mar 8;161(3):781-789. Epub 2004 Jan 8.

Department of Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.

•  To prevent premature cell death and to allow efficient nutrient mobilization from senescing leaves, the photosynthetic apparatus has to be dismantled systematically. This requires temporal, spatial and metabolic regulation of photosynthetic function and photoprotection. •  Conventional pulse-modulated fluorometry and chlorophyll fluorescence imaging were used to study age- and nutrient-dependent senescence patterns in Arabidopsis thaliana. Read More

J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2021 Apr 20. Epub 2021 Apr 20.

Neuroscience and Oral Physiology Unit, Department of Physiology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.

Objectives: The human body physiology rapidly changes and adapt to several environmental stimuli, including light. Abnormal artificial light exposures have been shown to affect sleep cycle, cognition, and mood. Although studies have reported inconsistent effects of short-term or constant long-term light exposures, human exposures to artificial lights occur at varying, unpredictable times and duration daily. Read More

Bioorg Chem 2021 Apr 8;111:104890. Epub 2021 Apr 8.

Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt. Electronic address:

A new series of pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile derivatives 8a-p carrying the 1,3-thiazole moiety has been designed and synthesized as novel anti-inflammatory EGFR inhibitors with cardiac and gastric safety profiles. 8a-p have been assessed for their inhibitory activity against COX-1/COX-2 activity. Compounds 8h, 8n, and 8p were found to be potent and selective COX-2 inhibitors (IC = 1. Read More

Toxicology 2021 Apr 16:152784. Epub 2021 Apr 16.

Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Av. Vicent Andrés Estellés s/n, 46100, Burjassot, València, Spain.

Cell cycle progression and programmed cell death are imposed by pathological stimuli of extrinsic or intrinsic including the exposure to neurotoxins, oxidative stress and DNA damage. All can cause abrupt or delayed cell death, inactivate normal cell survival or cell death networks. Nevertheless, the mechanisms of the neuronal cell death are unresolved. Read More

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2021 Apr 19. Epub 2021 Apr 19.

Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France.

Background: Anti-drug antibodies develop mostly during the induction therapy with anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) drugs and can be revealed by means of a drug-tolerant assay.

Aim: To investigate whether the early detection of anti-drug antibodies during the induction therapy was predictive of treatment discontinuation.

Methods: In a prospective study, consecutive patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), who should start an anti-TNF, were enrolled and followed regularly during 24 months or less in case of non- or loss of response (LOR) or adverse events requiring treatment discontinuation. Read More

Oncol Lett 2021 Jun 30;21(6):428. Epub 2021 Mar 30.

Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.

Chondrosarcomas represent a heterogeneous group of primary bone cancers that are characterized by hyaline cartilaginous neoplastic tissue and are predominantly resistant to radiation and chemotherapy. However, adjuvant radiotherapy is often recommended in inoperable cases or after incomplete resections. To improve the efficiency of treatment, the present study tested a combination therapy with ionizing radiation (IR) and the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. Read More

Plant Pathol J 2021 Apr 1;37(2):173-181. Epub 2021 Apr 1.

Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

The genus Streptomyces demonstrates enormous promise in promoting plant growth and protecting plants against various pathogens. Single and consortium treatments of two selected Streptomyces strains (Streptomyces shenzhenensis TKSC3 and Streptomyces sp. SS8) were evaluated for their growth-promoting potential on rice, and biocontrol efficiency through induced systemic resistance (ISR) mediation against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Read More

Free Radic Biol Med 2021 Apr 15. Epub 2021 Apr 15.

Department of Radiology, Frontier Science for Imaging, School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1194, Japan. Electronic address:

Tissue redox metabolism is involved in various diseases, and an understanding of the spatio-temporal dynamics of tissue redox metabolism could be useful for diagnosis of progression and treatment. In in vivo dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP)-MRI, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) irradiation at the resonance frequency of nitroxyl radicals administered as a redox probe for induction of DNP, increases the intensity of MRI signals. For electron spin, it is necessary to apply a resonant frequency 658 times higher than that required for nuclear spin because of the higher magnetic moment of unpaired electrons. Read More

Life Sci 2021 Apr 14:119492. Epub 2021 Apr 14.

Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary. Electronic address:

Aims: Non-invasive and simultaneous recording of gastrointestinal (GI) activity during stress induction is still an unexplored field. In our previous investigation, the stress-induced alteration of the gastrointestinal tract was explored in rats. Our aims were to expand our previous rat experiment and to induce stress response in rats (Study 1) and humans (Study 2) to detect the GI tract activity, heart rate and body temperature. Read More

J Therm Biol 2021 Apr 18;97:102880. Epub 2021 Feb 18.

Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain. Electronic address:

In the wild, the environment does not remain constant, but periodically oscillates so that temperature rises in the daytime and drops at night, which generates a daily thermocycle. The effects of thermocycles on thermal tolerance have been previously described in fish. However, the impact of thermocycles on daytime-dependent thermal responses and daily rhythms of temperature tolerance and sensing expression mechanisms remain poorly understood. Read More

Stem Cell Res 2021 Apr 8;53:102334. Epub 2021 Apr 8.

Centre of Bioinformatics, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj 211002, India. Electronic address:

Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have been observed to occur in two distinct states - naive and primed. Both naive and primed state PSCs can give rise to tissues of all the three germ layers in vitro but differ in their potential to generate germline chimera in vivo. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that govern these two states of pluripotency in human can open a plethora of opportunities for studying early embryonic development and in biomedical applications. Read More

Plant Physiol Biochem 2021 Apr 6;163:201-204. Epub 2021 Apr 6.

Research School of Biology, ANU College of Science, Australian National University, 2601, Canberra, ACT, Australia; Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, Université d'Angers, INRAe, 42 rue Georges Morel, 49070, Beaucouzé, France. Electronic address:

Potassium (K) deficiency has consequences not only on cellular ion balance and transmembrane potential but also on metabolism. In fact, several enzymes are K-dependent including enzymes in catabolism, causing an alteration in glycolysis and respiration. In addition, K deficiency is associated with the induction of specific pathways and accumulation of metabolic biomarkers, such as putrescine. Read More

Inflammation 2021 Apr 16. Epub 2021 Apr 16.

Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK.

An understanding of the pathological inflammatory mechanisms involved in SARS-CoV-2 virus infection is necessary in order to discover new molecular pharmacological targets for SARS-CoV-2 cytokine storm. In this study, the effects of a recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein S1 was investigated in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Stimulation of PBMCs with spike glycoprotein S1 (100 ng/mL) resulted in significant elevation in the production of TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β and IL-8. Read More

Ann Gastroenterol Surg 2021 Mar 11;5(2):204-214. Epub 2020 Dec 11.

Department of Gastroenterological Surgery Toranomon Hospital Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research Tokyo Japan.

Aim: This study aimed to clarify the prognostic factors, the advantageous factors of R0 curative resection, and optimal extents of lymph node dissection for conversion esophagectomy after induction therapy.

Methods: Among 1903 patients with esophageal cancer at Toranomon Hospital between January 2006 to May 2020, 151 patients with locally advanced T4b thoracic esophageal cancer were divided into two groups according to treatment: conversion surgery group (n = 54) and non-surgical treatment group (n = 97) for comparison.

Results: The patients who underwent R0 curative resection showed preferable survival comparable to the survival rate of patients with cCR in the non-surgical treatment group (1-, 3- and 5-year survival: 96. Read More

Oxid Med Cell Longev 2021 30;2021:5511881. Epub 2021 Mar 30.

Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea.

Diabetic nephropathy is a microvascular complication induced by diabetes, and methylglyoxal (MGO) is a reactive carbonyl species causing oxidative stress that contributes to the induction of inflammatory response in kidney cells. (CT), cultivated in Northeast Asia, has been used as traditional medicine for treating various diseases, including neuritis, liver damage, and cancer. In this study, we determined whether a CT root extract (CTRE) can prevent MGO-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and inflammation and assessed underlying mechanisms using a kidney epithelial cell line, HK-2. Read More

Psychol Res Behav Manag 2021 9;14:423-447. Epub 2021 Apr 9.

School of Transportation and Vehicle Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.

Purpose: Researches addressing driving behaviors have not fully revealed how emotions affect risky driving behaviors and tend to focus on the effects of some negative emotions rather than those of more specific emotions. This study aimed to test the potential moderating effects of eight common driving emotions on the relationship between self-reported individual traits (sensation seeking and driving style) and actual risky driving behaviors, sequentially providing some implications for the risky driving behavior prevention.

Participants And Methods: A total of 78 licensed drivers were recruited from undergraduate students, company employees and taxi drivers in China. Read More

Sci Rep 2021 Apr 15;11(1):8281. Epub 2021 Apr 15.

Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 2140 Koyukuk Dr., Fairbanks, AK, 99775, USA.

Physical inactivity leads to losses of bone mass and strength in most mammalian species. In contrast, hibernating bears show no bone loss over the prolonged periods (4-6 months) of immobility during winter, which suggests that they have adaptive mechanisms to preserve bone mass. To identify transcriptional changes that underlie molecular mechanisms preventing disuse osteoporosis, we conducted a large-scale gene expression screening in the trabecular bone and bone marrow, comparing hibernating and summer active bears through sequencing of the transcriptome. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2021 Apr 15;14(4). Epub 2021 Apr 15.

Anesthesiology, University of Toyama Faculty of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science for Education, Toyama, Japan.

Remimazolam besylate is an ultra-short-acting benzodiazepine derivative recently approved in Japan for general anaesthesia. However, less attention has been paid to the compatibility of remimazolam with infusion solutions, and the mechanism underlying the incompatibility remains unknown. The patient was a 65-year-old man who underwent a high tibial osteotomy. Read More

Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2021 Apr 12. Epub 2021 Apr 12.

Department of Vascular Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location VUmc, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Physiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Vascular Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, location AMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Electronic address:

Objective: Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) contributes to vascular homeostasis and is increasingly linked to vascular pathology. PVAT density and volume were associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) presence and dimensions on imaging. However, mechanisms underlying the role of PVAT in AAA have not been clarified. Read More

BMC Complement Med Ther 2021 Apr 15;21(1):123. Epub 2021 Apr 15.

Laureate Institute for Brain Research, 6655 S Yale Avenue, Tulsa, OK, 74136, USA.

Background: Early life stress (ELS) has been linked to poor mental and physical health outcomes in adolescence and adulthood. Mindfulness reduces symptoms of depression and anxiety and improves cognitive and social outcomes in both youth and adults. However, little is known whether mindfulness can mitigate against the adverse neurobiological and psychological effects of ELS. Read More

BMC Cancer 2021 Apr 15;21(1):410. Epub 2021 Apr 15.

Department of Medical Physics, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, Warszawa, Poland.

Background: The aim of this prospective study is to identify the biomarkers associated with the effects of induction chemotherapy (iCHT) in terms of the favorable/weaker response to the treatment in locally advanced head and neck squamous cells carcinomas (LA-HNSCC).

Methods: The studied group consisted of 53 LA-HNSCC patients treated with iCHT. The treatment tolerance was measured by the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE). Read More

Ann Anat 2021 Apr 17;237:151723. Epub 2021 Apr 17.

Cellular Therapy and Hematopoietic Transplant Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia, Clinical University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain; Internal Medicine Department, Medicine School, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.

Objective: To compare the in vitro cytotoxicity of four commercial topical fluoride varnishes widely used in daily dental practice for the prevention of caries on human fibroblasts: Cervitec F, Fixofluor, Fluor Protector S and Duraphat.

Material And Methods: Human gingival fibroblasts (hGF) were exposed to different concentrations of fluoride varnishes extracts. Biological assays, including MTT and IC50 value determination, annexin-V/7-AAD staining, cell migration and F-actin staining with phalloidin were carried out. Read More

Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2021 Apr 17;154:106550. Epub 2021 Apr 17.

Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan.

Characteristic features of osteoarthritis (OA) are joint pain and cartilage degeneration. The degeneration is caused by excess induction of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and the pain is caused by nerve growth factor (NGF)-dependent nerve invasion into synovial tissue in addition to nociceptive pain by prostaglandin (PG)E The objective of this study was to clarify the suppressive mechanism of PGE on the regulation of MMPs and NGF by focusing on mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and their endogenous phosphatase, dual-specificity phosphatase (DUSP)-1 in human synovial fibroblasts. PGE strongly increased DUSP-1 and suppressed IL-1β-induced MAPKs phosphorylation. Read More