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Clin Ophthalmol 2021 1;15:1391-1401. Epub 2021 Apr 1.

The Department of Ophthalmology, Sohag Faculty of Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt.

Objective: To compare the agreement between commercially available table mounted and a hand-held autorefractors and their agreement with subjective refraction. The effect of different body position with the handheld autorefractometer was also evaluated.

Methods: A prospective study was performed on 253 healthy eyes. Read More

Eur J Ophthalmol 2021 Apr 8:11206721211008780. Epub 2021 Apr 8.

First Department of Ophthalmology, G. Gennimatas General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.

Introduction: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common life-shortening recessive genetic disease in Caucasians, affecting primarily the lungs. The objective of our study was to investigate potential ophthalmologic involvement in adult patients with CF.

Methods: Fifty adult patients with cystic fibrosis and 60 age- and sex-matched controls underwent complete ophthalmologic examination including tear-film Break-Up Time (BUT), Macular Thickness, and peripapillary Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer (pRNFL) thickness measurements using Spectral Domain-OCT. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2021 Apr;100(14):e24673

Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Abstract: Objective of the study was to investigate the effects of peripheral anterior synechiae (PAS) on refractive outcomes after cataract surgery in eyes with primary angle-closure disease (PACD).This is a retrospective, cross-sectional study. Seventy eyes of 70 PACD patients who underwent phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation. Read More

Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2021 Apr;57(4):299-304

Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai Vision Health Center & Shanghai Children Myopia Institute, Division of Ophthalmology Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai 200040, China.

Atropine is a classical drug with a wide use in clinical practice. In ophthalmology, atropine can be used for cycloplegia before optometry, and the treatment of amblyopia, iridocyclitis, malignant glaucoma, etc. In recent years, the "old drugs with new application " research and application of atropine for myopia prevention and control has become a hotspot and the efficacy of atropine has been preliminarily recognized. Read More

Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2021 Apr;57(4):292-296

Hainan Eye Hospital and Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Haikou 570311, China.

To evaluate the effect of extended depth of focus contact lenses on the accommodation of presbyopic eyes. It was a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Thirty eyes of 30 emmetropic volunteers (15 males, 15 females) who were staff or family members of Hainan Eye Hospital, aged (49. Read More

Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2021 Apr;57(4):277-283

Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Beijing 100730, China.

To investigate the regulation of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2 in human scleral fibroblasts (HSFs) by the adenovirus-mediated Lumican gene mutation, and to illustrate the effect of this mutation on myopia. Experimental study. The HSFs were isolated and cultured from human scleral tissues. Read More

Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2021 Apr;57(4):268-276

Department of Ophthalmology, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China.

To investigate the repair of subepithelial nerve fibers in different areas of the cornea and the difference of corneal transparency 12 months after small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE), femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) and excimer laser in situ keratomileusis (LASEK) in high myopia. A cohort study. From June 2018 to October 2019, 30 patients with high myopia (60 eyes) were selected for corneal refractive surgery in the Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, including 16 females (32 eyes) and 14 males (28 eyes). Read More

Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2021 Apr;57(4):261-267

Shanghai Eye Disease Prevention and Treatment Center, Shanghai Eye Hospital, Shanghai Vision Health Center & Shanghai Children Myopia Institute, Division of Ophthalmology Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai 200040, China.

To predict the prevalence of myopia among Chinese students aged 6-18 years under different intervention scenarios from 2021 to 2030. The multi-state Markov model was developed based on the transition process of study stages and myopia statuses. The development of myopia was simplified into two statuses: non-myopia and myopia. Read More

Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2021 Apr;57(4):245-250

Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.

Adolescent myopia has become one of the researchers' focuses among visual problems around the world. Carrying out a scientific and efficient epidemiological study on myopia is an essential basis for discovering the rules of the occurrence and the development of myopia, exploring related influencing factors and identifying the mechanisms, which are critical for the policy-making for myopia control. The epidemiological studies of myopia at home and abroad have a long history of exploration, standardization and unification, and are enriched by new technologies and up-to-date discoveries. Read More

Zhonghua Yan Ke Za Zhi 2021 Apr;57(4):241-244

Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Beijing 100730, China.

Myopia has emerged as a public health problem with its increasing prevalence in children and adolescents in China. The Chinese government has begun to take action to address this issue in recent years. In 2018, the Implementation Plan of the Myopia Prevention and Control for Children and Adolescents was issued by the Ministry of Education and other seven ministries and commissions. Read More

Am J Ophthalmol 2021 Apr 3. Epub 2021 Apr 3.

Francis I. Proctor Foundation, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA. Electronic address:

Purpose: to determine the diagnostic accuracy of several diagnostic tests for AMD, DR, glaucoma, and cataract, as well as the proportion with eye disease from each of three enrolling clinics.

Design: Diagnostic accuracy study.

Methods: Patients ≥ 50 years of age in a diabetes, thyroid, and general medicine clinic were screened with visual acuity, tonometry, and fundus photography. Read More

Rural Remote Health 2021 Apr 6;21(2):6245. Epub 2021 Apr 6.

OneSight, 4000 Luxottica Place, Mason, OH 45040, USA

Introduction: According to global estimates, 39 million people are blind and 285 million are at risk of severe vision loss, with a significant portion of this burden in Sub-Saharan Africa. Some African nations like The Gambia are beginning to tackle vision impairment by addressing the problem through a health system lens.

Methods: A health system framework, focusing on system areas of leadership and governance, resources for vision care, and vision care access, was used to understand and analyze how The Gambia has increased access to vision care using a public-private pilot partnership. Read More

Opt Express 2021 Mar;29(7):9846-9860

In this paper, we propose the convergent beam array to reduce scintillation induced by oceanic turbulence in underwater wireless optical communications (UWOCs) between misaligned transceivers. In the proposed convergent beam array, the propagation directions of beams are slanted inwards and different from each other. First, we present the convergent beam array system and analyze spatial relationships between the transmitter and the individual beam in beam array systems. Read More

Semin Ophthalmol 2021 Apr 4:1-4. Epub 2021 Apr 4.

Department of Basic Sciences, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

: To compare on-axis measurements of the axial length (AL) with off-axis measurements in the paracentral horizontal and vertical positions using the Lenstar LS 900 biometer.: In this, the samples were selected from patients scheduled for cataract surgery using a systematic randomization method. After applying the exclusion criteria, all subjects underwent optometric examinations and AL measurement using the Lenstar. Read More

Rom J Ophthalmol 2021 Jan-Mar;65(1):59-63

Department of Ophthalmology, Kutahya Health Sciences University School of Medicine, Kutahya, Turkey.

To evaluate how capsular tension rings (CTR) affect refractive outcomes following cataract extraction by phacoemulsification complicated by zonular instability. Retrospective. In a retrospective case-control study, the 29 eyes of 29 patients with CTRs were compared with the 29 eyes of patients without zonular instability following routine phacoemulsification, with mean arithmetic refractive prediction error (ArRPE) and mean absolute refractive prediction error (AbRPE) as primary outcome measures. Read More

Middle East Afr J Ophthalmol 2020 Oct-Dec;27(4):210-217. Epub 2021 Jan 19.

Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.

Purpose: Refractive errors (REs) are common and continue to increase globally, particularly myopia. Uncorrected REs are the second leading cause of preventable blindness and the most common cause of visual impairment. The main objective of this study is to assess the prevalence of REs and to investigate its associated risk factors among medical students of the Jazan region, Saudi Arabia. Read More

Genes (Basel) 2021 Mar 21;12(3). Epub 2021 Mar 21.

Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain.

Background: To aim of the study was describe the growth of publications on genetic myopia and understand the current research landscape through the analysis of citation networks, as well as determining the different research areas and the most cited publications.

Methods: The Web of Science database was used to perform the publication search, looking for the terms "genetic*" AND "myopia" within the period between 2009 and October 2020. The CitNetExplorer and CiteSpace software were then used to conduct the publication analysis. Read More

Vision Res 2021 Mar 30;183:106-117. Epub 2021 Mar 30.

College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States; Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Electronic address:

Although reduced ambient lighting ("dim" light) can cause myopia in emmetropizing chicks, it does not necessarily lead to myopic changes in emmetropizing rhesus monkeys. Because myopia is rarely spontaneous, a question remained whether dim light would hasten the progression of visually induced myopia. To determine the effects of dim light on the development of and recovery from form-deprivation myopia (FDM), seven 3-week-old infant rhesus monkeys were reared under dim light (mean ± SD = 55 ± 9 lx) with monocular diffuser spectacles until ~154 days of age, then maintained in dim light with unrestricted vision until ~337 days of age to allow for recovery. Read More

Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2021 Mar 27. Epub 2021 Mar 27.

Centre for Vision and Eye Research, School of Optometry and Vision Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

Purpose: Many individuals drive with uncorrected refractive errors, which has implications for night driving, where poor visibility contributes to the increased crash risk relative to daytime. This study explored how small amounts of refractive blur affects the judgment of the walking direction of night-time pedestrians and whether different types of retro-reflective clothing influence this effect.

Methods: Judgement of the walking direction of night-time pedestrians was investigated for 20 young participants with normal vision (mean age, 21. Read More

Sci Rep 2021 Mar 26;11(1):6958. Epub 2021 Mar 26.

Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan.

This study was aimed to determine the effect of the amount of astigmatism on distance visual acuity, and to provide a prediction formula of visual acuity according to astigmatism, in a presbyopic population. We comprised 318 eyes of 318 consecutive patients (158 phakic and 160 pseudophakic subjects) without any eye diseases, except for refractive errors with astigmatism of 3 diopter or less. We assessed the relationship of the spherical equivalent visual acuity (SEVA) with astigmatism, and also provided a regression formula of visual acuity according to astigmatism in such subjects. Read More

J Cataract Refract Surg 2021 Mar 9. Epub 2021 Mar 9.

Ein-Tal Eye Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.

Purpose: Intra-ocular lens (IOL) power calculation in eyes with keratoconus typically results in hyperopic postoperative refractive error. We investigated the visual and refractive outcomes in keratoconus patients having cataract surgery with a toric IOL and compared IOL power calculation accuracy of conventional formulae and keratoconus specific formulae.

Setting: Ein-Tal Eye Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel. Read More

J Cataract Refract Surg 2021 Feb 24. Epub 2021 Feb 24.

1Asian Eye Institute, Rockwell Center, Makati City, Philippines; 2ClarVista Medical, Inc., Aliso Viejo, CA, USA; 3Alcon Vision LLC, Fort Worth, TX, USA.

Purpose: To characterize safety of optic exchange using a modular lens.

Setting: 3 study sites (New Zealand, Philippines).

Design: Prospective clinical study. Read More

Taiwan J Ophthalmol 2021 Jan-Mar;11(1):77-85. Epub 2020 Oct 21.

Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.

Purpose: Routine eye examination in early life is not the practice in most resource-limited countries. Delay in the presentation for eye problems is typical. Community health officers are often consulted by caregivers for all health problems during routine immunization and well-baby clinics in primary healthcare for children aged 0-2 years. Read More

Int Ophthalmol 2021 Mar 24. Epub 2021 Mar 24.

Department of Basic Sciences, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and its risk factors in an elderly Iranian population METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019. The target population was the subjects aged 60 and over living in Tehran. Multistage cluster sampling was done to select the subjects from all Tehran districts. Read More

Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2021 Mar 19. Epub 2021 Mar 19.

The Dutch Craniofacial Centre, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Sophia's Children's Hospital Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.

The aim of this multicentre retrospective cohort study was to describe and categorize the types of ocular and adnexal anomalies seen in patients with craniofacial microsomia (CFM) and to determine their prevalence. In addition, the relationship between the OMENS-Plus and Pruzansky-Kaban classification for each patient and the presence of ocular anomalies was investigated. A total of 881 patients with CFM from four different craniofacial centres were included. Read More

Clin Exp Optom 2021 Mar 22:1-8. Epub 2021 Mar 22.

Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

: Several parameters are likely to affect the magnitude of fixation disparity (FD) and FD curve characteristics. Presence of a central fusion lock may have an important effect on clinical testing of FD and interpretation of its results.: The aim of this study was to evaluate FD curve parameters using the modified near Mallett unit (with a central fusion lock) and the Sheedy disparometer (without a central fusion lock) in symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects. Read More

Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2021 Mar 9. Epub 2021 Mar 9.

Save Sight Institute, Discipline of Clinical Ophthalmology and Eye Health, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Purpose: Spectacle non-tolerance or adverse events to spectacle wear are serious concerns for both patients and practitioners. Non-tolerance may contribute to a negative impact on the practitioner's ability and practice. Therefore, a detailed understanding of frequency and causes of spectacle non-tolerance in clinical ophthalmic practice is essential. Read More

Eye (Lond) 2021 Mar 21. Epub 2021 Mar 21.

National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.

Typical ocular coloboma is caused by defective closure of the embryonal fissure. The occurrence of coloboma can be sporadic, hereditary (known or unknown gene defects) or associated with chromosomal abnormalities. Ocular colobomata are more often associated with systemic abnormalities when caused by chromosomal abnormalities. Read More

Eye Vis (Lond) 2021 Mar 19;8(1). Epub 2021 Mar 19.

School of Engineering, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GH, UK.

Background: Corneal refractive surgery has become reliable for correcting refractive errors, but it can induce unintended ocular changes that alter refractive outcomes. This study is to evaluate the unintended changes in ocular biometric parameters over a 6-month follow-up period after femtosecond laser-assisted laser in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) and small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE).

Methods: 156 consecutive myopic patients scheduled for FS-LASIK and SMILE were included in this study. Read More

Am J Ophthalmol 2021 Mar 13. Epub 2021 Mar 13.

Singapore Eye Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore; Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore.

Purpose: To explore demographics, disease characteristics and wear habits in cosmetic contact lens (CL)-related corneal infections in Asia.

Design: Prospective multicentre cross-sectional study.

Methods: Cases of CL-related corneal infection presenting over a 12-month period were prospectively identified from 11 centers in 8 countries in Asia. Read More