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Biomed Tech (Berl) 2021 Apr 12. Epub 2021 Apr 12.

Faculty of Technology, Sakarya Applied Sciences University, Sakarya, Turkey.

Materials used for dental crowns show a wide range of variety, and a dentist's choice can depend on several factors such as patient desires, esthetics, tooth factors, etc. One of the most important issues for implant surgery is the primary stability and it should be provided to minimize the risks of screw loosening, failed osseointegration, or nonunion. The current study aims to present the Finite Element Analysis (FEA)-based material selection strategy for a dental crown in terms of reducing the aforementioned risks of dental implants. Read More

Biomed Mater 2021 Apr 7. Epub 2021 Apr 7.

Clinic of Small Animal Surgery and Reproduction, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Tierärztliche Fakultät, Veterinärstr. 13, München, Bayern, 80539, GERMANY.

Porous magnesium implants are of particular interest for application as resorbable bone substitutes, due to their mechanical strength and a Young's modulus similar to bone. The objective of the present study was to compare the biocompatibility, bone and tissue ingrowth, and the degradation behaviour of scaffolds made from the magnesium alloys LAE442 (n = 40) and Mg-La2 (n = 40) in vivo. For this purpose, cylindrical magnesium scaffolds (diameter 4 mm, length 5 mm) with defined, interconnecting pores were produced by investment casting and coated with MgF2. Read More

Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2021 Apr 16;123:111969. Epub 2021 Feb 16.

School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.

Excessive accumulation of oxidative intermediates in the elderly significantly aggravates bone degradation and hinders the osseointegration of topological titanium (Ti) implants. Thus, it is of great significance to evaluate the antioxidant and osteoinduction capabilities of various nano, micro or micro/nano-composite structures under oxidative stress (OS) microenvironment. In this study, we discovered that 110 nm titania nanotubes (TNTs) enhanced the adsorption of fibronectin (FN) proteins onto smooth and rough titanium surfaces to varying degrees. Read More

Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021 Mar 9;11(3). Epub 2021 Mar 9.

Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4059, Australia.

Implant surfaces with a nanoscaled pattern can dominate the blood coagulation process resulting in a defined clot structure and its degradation behavior, which in turn influence cellular response and the early phase of osseointegration. Long non-coding (Lnc) RNAs are known to regulate many biological processes in the skeletal system; however, the link between the LncRNA derived from the cells within the clot and osseointegration has not been investigated to date. Hence, the sequence analysis of LncRNAs expressed within the clot formed on titania nanotube arrays (TNAs) with distinct nano-scaled diameters (TNA 15 of 15 nm, TNA 60 of 60 nm, TNA 120 of 120 nm) on titanium surfaces was profiled for the first time. Read More

Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2021 Mar 28:102906. Epub 2021 Mar 28.

Orthopaedic & Traumatologic Surgery Department, University hospital, 4, rue Larrey, Angers, France.

Introduction: The gold standard (GS) for treating chronic infections following reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) is a complete exchange of the prosthesis carried out in one or two stages. This surgical procedure, which may damage the bone stock, can result in poor functional outcomes due to intraoperative complications. The purpose of this study was to compare the GS to a surgical technique that retained osseointegrated implants: the partial one-stage exchange. Read More

Bioact Mater 2021 Oct 9;6(10):3136-3149. Epub 2021 Mar 9.

Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.

As an implantable biomaterial, polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) exhibits good mechanical strength but it is biologically inert while tantalum (Ta) possesses outstanding osteogenic bioactivity but has a high density and elastic modulus. Also, silicon nitride (SN) has osteogenic and antibacterial activity. In this study, a microporous surface containing both SN and Ta microparticles on PEKK (STP) exhibiting excellent osteogenic and antibacterial activity was created by sulfonation. Read More

J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2021 Mar 24. Epub 2021 Mar 24.

Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Applied Chemistry, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg, Sweden.

Medical devices such as orthopedic and dental implants may get infected by bacteria, which results in treatment using antibiotics. Since antibiotic resistance is increasing in society there is a need of finding alternative strategies for infection control. One potential strategy is the use of antimicrobial peptides, AMPs. Read More

Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021 Mar 15;202:111697. Epub 2021 Mar 15.

National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China. Electronic address:

Currently, implant-related bone infection characterized by aggravated infection-induced inflammatory responses and osteolysis, remains a severe challenge in orthopedic surgery, especially in patients with osteoporosis. Attempts to control such responses using biomaterials with combined immunomodulatory and anti-bacterial properties may provide novel strategies. Herein, DJK-5, a class of host defense peptides (HDPs) with established antimicrobial and immunomodulatory functions, was introduced into porous Ti alloy. Read More

Regen Biomater 2021 Mar 13;8(2):rbab006. Epub 2021 Mar 13.

Institute of Medical Service Support, Institute of Systems Engineering, Academy of Military Sciences, Tianjin, China.

Cell-material interactions during early osseointegration of the bone-implant interface are critical and involve crosstalk between osteoblasts and osteoclasts. The surface properties of titanium implants also play a critical role in cell-material interactions. In this study, femtosecond laser treatment and sandblasting were used to alter the surface morphology, roughness and wettability of a titanium alloy. Read More

Jpn Dent Sci Rev 2021 Nov 16;57:12-19. Epub 2021 Feb 16.

Fundación Kimntrum, Concepción, Chile.

There is a complex interaction between titanium dental implants, bone, and the immune system. Among them, specific immune cells, macrophages play a crucial role in the osseointegration dynamics. Infiltrating macrophages and resident macrophages (osteomacs) contribute to achieving an early pro-regenerative peri-implant environment. Read More

Biomater Sci 2021 Mar 16. Epub 2021 Mar 16.

Department of Oral Implantology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China. and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, PR China.

Implant surface topography has been proven to determine the fate of adhered macrophage polarization, which is closely related to the cytoskeletal arrangement during adhesion. Our purpose was to establish a topography that is favourable to M2 macrophage switching by regulating macrophage cytoskeleton distribution. Two micro/nano-net structures with different pore sizes were generated by alkali bathing at medium (SAM) or high (SAH) temperature based on the micro-level surface. Read More

Hip Int 2021 Mar 15:1120700021996001. Epub 2021 Mar 15.

Warwick Hospital, Warwick, UK.

Introduction: The uncemented total hip arthroplasty relies on a secure initial fixation of the femoral stem to achieve osseointegration. Undersizing of the femoral implant compromises this. Surgeons routinely review postoperative radiographs to assess appropriate sizing, but existing methods of assessment lack standardisation. Read More

Clin Oral Implants Res 2021 Mar 12. Epub 2021 Mar 12.

Division of Advanced Prosthetic Dentistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan.

Objectives: The aims of this study were (i) to compare the osteogenic impact of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) and low-magnitude high-frequency (LMHF) loading achieved with whole-body vibration (WBV) on peri-implant bone healing and implant osseointegration in rat tibiae, and (ii) to examine their combined effect on these processes.

Material And Methods: Titanium implants were inserted in the bilateral tibiae of 28 Wistar rats. Rats were randomly divided into four groups: LIPUS + WBV, LIPUS, WBV, and control. Read More

Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021 23;9:639835. Epub 2021 Feb 23.

Department of Orthopaedics, The Sixth Affiliated People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.

Titanium (Ti) alloys have been applied to biomedical implants for a long time. Although Ti alloys are biocompatible, efforts have been continuously made to improve their bone conductivity and osteogenesis for enhancing their performance. Silk fibroin (SF) is a natural biomaterial with excellent biomedical and mechanical properties, and hydroxyapatite (HAP) nanocomposites derived from SF are promising for producing "artificial bone" owing to their biomedical applicability and strong mechanical functions. Read More

Ann Maxillofac Surg 2020 Jul-Dec;10(2):304-311. Epub 2020 Jul 2.

Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, South Africa.

Introduction: The revascularized fibula free flap (RFFF) is the most popular method of postmaxillectomy reconstruction. This article proves that the use of curvilinear transport distraction osteogenesis (CTDO) is an efficacious way in closing large defects in the maxilla and a superior alternative to the RFFF.

Methods And Materials: In a prospective cohort study of six postmaxillectomy patients, CTDO was applied and the new bone (regenerate) was compared with the parent bone from which it had been regenerated. Read More

Bioact Mater 2021 Sep 12;6(9):2658-2666. Epub 2021 Feb 12.

State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.

Insufficient early osteogenesis seriously affects the later stage osteogenic quality and osseointegration of dental implants. To promote early osteogenesis, we first designed a Ti dental implant with a built-in magnet (mTi) to produce a local static magnetic field (SMF). Then, a dental implantation system comprising the mTi implant and the superparamagnetic hydroxyapatite (HA:Yb/Ho-Fe, named HYH-Fe) particles was implanted into the alveolar bone of beagles. Read More

J Biomater Appl 2021 Apr 25;35(9):1119-1131. Epub 2021 Feb 25.

College of Stomatology, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China.

Titanium (Ti) and Ti alloys are widely used biomaterials, but they lack osteogenic capability for rapid bone integration. To improve osseointegration of Ti implants, TiO nanotubes were prepared using the anodizing oxidation technique, and strontium (Sr) combined with icariin (ICA) was loaded on TiO nanotube coatings. Cell adhesion and proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization of extracellular matrix, and bone formation around titanium implants in ovariectomized rats, were examined separately. Read More

Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2021 Jan-Feb;36(1):38-46

Purpose: The aim of this work was to evaluate osseointegration of endosteal implants with two different surface treatments at early stages (~3 weeks) in the tibia of healthy and ovariectomized rabbits.

Materials And Methods: The study comprised 10 adult New Zealand female rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus; 6 months and 3.0 ± 0. Read More

Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021 01 29;18(3). Epub 2021 Jan 29.

Porto Dental Institute, 4150-518 Porto, Portugal.

Implant dentistry has evolved over time, resulting in better treatment outcomes for both patients and clinicians. The aim of this trial was to test whether the immediate loading of implants with a platform-switching design influences the marginal bone level, compared to four-week loading, after one year of follow-up. Moreover, a comparison of clinical data regarding implant survival, implant stability, and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) was conducted. Read More

Molecules 2021 Feb 9;26(4). Epub 2021 Feb 9.

Center for Surface Science and Nanotechnology, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania.

In this work we present the results of a functional properties assessment via Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)-based surface morphology, surface roughness, nano-scratch tests and adhesion force maps of TiZr-based nanotubular structures. The nanostructures have been electrochemically prepared in a glycerin + 15 vol.% HO + 0. Read More

Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020 18;8:616845. Epub 2021 Jan 18.

State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.

Functional gradient materials (FGMs), as a modern group of materials, can provide multiple functions and are able to well mimic the hierarchical and gradient structure of natural systems. Because biomedical implants usually substitute the bone tissues and bone is an organic, natural FGM material, it seems quite reasonable to use the FGM concept in these applications. These FGMs have numerous advantages, including the ability to tailor the desired mechanical and biological response by producing various gradations, such as composition, porosity, and size; mitigating some limitations, such as stress-shielding effects; improving osseointegration; and enhancing electrochemical behavior and wear resistance. Read More

J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2021 Jan 22. Epub 2021 Jan 22.

Implant Research Core, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

For Ti6Al4V orthopedic and spinal implants, osseointegration is often achieved using complex porous geometries created via additive manufacturing (AM). While AM porous titanium (pTi) has shown clinical success, concerns regarding metallic implants have spurred interest in alternative AM biomaterials for osseointegration. Insights regarding the evaluation of these new materials may be supported by better understanding the role of preclinical testing for AM pTi. Read More

Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2021 Jan 16. Epub 2021 Jan 16.

Surgery Department, Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont, Université de Montréal, 5415 Boul l'Assomption, Montreal, QC, H1T 2M4, Canada.

Purpose: While kinematic alignment (KA) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with cemented implants has been shown to provide equivalent or better results than mechanical alignment, its combination with cementless fixation has not yet been documented. The purpose of this study is to report (1) revision rate and causes, (2) clinical results based on patient report outcome measures (PROMs), and (3) radiological signs of implant dysfunction in patients with an uncemented TKA implanted with restricted KA (rKA), after a minimum follow-up of 2 years.

Methods: This study included the first 100 consecutive uncemented cruciate retaining TKAs implanted between November 2015 and February 2018 by a single surgeon following rKA principles. Read More

ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021 Jan 23;13(1):97-111. Epub 2020 Dec 23.

State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, PR China.

Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) is an important type of metal organic framework and has found numerous applications in the biomedical field. Our previous studies have demonstrated that nano ZIF-8-based titanium implants could promote osseointegration; however, its osteogenic capacity and the related mechanisms in bone regeneration have not been fully clarified. Presented here is a nanoscale ZIF-8 that could drive rat bone mesenchymal stem cell (rBMSC) differentiation into osteoblasts both in vitro and in vivo, and interestingly, nano ZIF-8 exhibited a better osteogenic effect compared with ionic conditions of Zn at the same concentration of Zn. Read More

ACS Omega 2020 Dec 4;5(49):31738-31743. Epub 2020 Dec 4.

Key Laboratory of High Efficiency and Clean Manufacturing, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.

Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has been proved to be a powerful tool for the free-form fabrication of titanium (Ti) implants. However, the surface quality of 3D printed Ti implants is not suitable for clinical application directly. Therefore, surface modification of 3D printed Ti implants is required in order to achieve good biocompatibility and osseointegration. Read More

Molecules 2020 Dec 12;25(24). Epub 2020 Dec 12.

Department of Periodontology, Institute of Odontology, University of Gothenburg, SE 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.

The contribution of epigenetic mechanisms as a potential treatment model has been observed in cancer and autoimmune/inflammatory diseases. This review aims to put forward the epigenetic mechanisms as a promising strategy in implant surface functionalization and modification of biomaterials, to promote better osseointegration and bone regeneration, and could be applicable for alveolar bone regeneration and osseointegration in the future. Materials and Methods: Electronic and manual searches of the literature in PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE were conducted, using a specific search strategy limited to publications in the last 5 years to identify preclinical studies in order to address the following focused questions: (i) Which, if any, are the epigenetic mechanisms used to functionalize implant surfaces to achieve better osseointegration? (ii) Which, if any, are the epigenetic mechanisms used to functionalize biomaterials to achieve better tissue regeneration? Findings from several studies have emphasized the role of miRNAs in functionalizing implants surfaces and biomaterials to promote osseointegration and bone regeneration, respectively. Read More

Materials (Basel) 2020 Dec 13;13(24). Epub 2020 Dec 13.

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av do Café, s/n., Ribeirao Preto, SP 14040-904, Brazil.

Implant therapy is a predictable treatment to replace missing teeth. However, the osseointegration process may be negatively influenced by systemic conditions, such as diabetes mellitus (DM). Microtopography and implant surface developments are strategies associated to better bone repair. Read More

Materials (Basel) 2020 Dec 8;13(24). Epub 2020 Dec 8.

Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, Division of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.

Titanium implants are commonly used in the field of dentistry for prosthetics such as crowns, bridges, and dentures. For successful therapy, an implant must bind to the surrounding bone in a process known as osseointegration. The objective for this ongoing study is to determine the potential of different implant surface coatings in providing the formation of hydroxyapatite (HA). Read More

Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020 12 2;17(23). Epub 2020 Dec 2.

Porto Dental Institute, 4150-518 Porto, Portugal.

As immediate loading protocols are becoming more frequent, the primary stability of implants has become an essential criterion for the osseointegration of dental implants. Based on this, the objective of this study was to understand the influence of different undersized surgical preparation sites on the insertion torque (IT) and implant stability quotient (ISQ). Four different site-preparation protocols were performed on fresh humid type III bovine bone: one control, the standard protocol recommended by the manufacturer (P1), and three variations of undersized techniques (P2, P3 and P4). Read More

J Oral Implantol 2020 Dec 3. Epub 2020 Dec 3.

Columbia University Periodontics 630 West 168th Street PH7E-110 UNITED STATES New York New York 10032 Associate Professor of Dental Medicine at CUMC, Division of Periodontics, Columbia University College of Dental Medicine.

Severe atrophy of the maxillary anterior region may make implant placement difficult and as a result, iatrogenic complications such as nasal floor perforation may occur.  The purpose of this case report is to present radiographic and nasal endoscopic features in the anterior nasal floor when dental implants were inadvertently perforated into nasal cavities. Between 2003 and 2018, four patients recorded with anterior nasal floor perforation with dental implants were followed and reviewed with panoramic radiographs and cone-beam computed tomography. Read More