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Food Nutr Bull 2020 06;41(1_suppl):S23-S30

Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mexico.

The first follow-up study of the original Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama Longitudinal Study was conducted in 1988 to 1989 when participants were between the ages of 11 and 27 years. The longer term effects of the original supplementation in early life of either high protein and energy, , or no protein and low energy, , were seen in anthropometry, skeletal maturation, physical work capacity, and intellectual development, with maximum benefit seen in those participants who had maximum exposure to the supplementation during prenatal and early postnatal years. No effects were observed in bone mineralization and menarche. Read More

Arch Med Sci 2020 15;16(3):657-665. Epub 2019 Jan 15.

Department of Anthropology and Health Promotion, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Józef Piłsudski University of Physical Education, Warsaw, Poland.

Introduction: In this study, the hypothesis that bone mineral density (BMD) of peri-, pre- and postmenopausal women is associated with the current level of habitual physical activity, as well as past physical activity, at the age of building peak bone mass, was tested.

Material And Methods: The study involved 500 Polish women aged 40 to 70. For the assessment of BMD and bone mineral content (BMC) the densitometry method (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, DXA) of the forearm bone was used. Read More

Am J Phys Anthropol 2016 10 17;161(2):367-73. Epub 2016 Jun 17.

UMR 5199 PACEA, CNRS, University of Bordeaux, Bâtiment B8, Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire-CS 50023-F-33400, Talence, France.

Menarche is an indicator frequently used to study variation in growth, development, and related health conditions among members of living populations. As a life event, menarche is often associated with changes in an individual's social identity. The reproductive lifespan, which for females starts with menarche, is a paramount feature of palaeodemographic studies. Read More

Int J Eat Disord 2016 Aug 6;49(8):809-12. Epub 2016 Apr 6.

Department of Pediatrics, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.

Objective: Data available on bone mineralization by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) in adolescents with an early onset anorexia nervosa (AN) is limited. We investigated whether a disturbed bone mineralization can be observed at the distal radius in recently diagnosed female adolescents with AN and a premenarchal onset of this disease.

Method: Twenty-four premenarchal patients with AN and 22 healthy females which were age and height matched, were selected from our reference database; both groups underwent a pQCT bone assessment at the distal radius of the nondominant arm. Read More

Am J Hum Biol 2016 Jan-Feb;28(1):48-56. Epub 2015 Aug 4.

Department of Archaeology, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, England, RG6 6AB, United Kingdom.

Objectives: This study provides the first large scale analysis of the age at which adolescents in medieval England entered and completed the pubertal growth spurt. This new method has implications for expanding our knowledge of adolescent maturation across different time periods and regions.

Methods: In total, 994 adolescent skeletons (10-25 years) from four urban sites in medieval England (AD 900-1550) were analyzed for evidence of pubertal stage using new osteological techniques developed from the clinical literature (i. Read More

Arch Osteoporos 2014 24;9:178. Epub 2014 May 24.

Science Department, College of Basic Education, Public Authority for Applied Training and Education, Kuwait City, Kuwait,

Unlabelled: Risks of low vitamin D status in Kuwaiti adolescent girls are high parathyroid hormone (PTH), high waist/hip ratio, veiling and not having a private room. Low vitamin D status is likely to have a negative impact on their bone mass and accrual.

Introduction: Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels are repeatedly found in females in the Middle East, which is a cause for concern particularly for adolescent females. Read More

Am J Phys Anthropol 2013 Jun 16;151(2):302-10. Epub 2013 Apr 16.

Department of Archaeology, School of Human and Environmental Studies, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AB, UK.

Puberty forms an important threshold between childhood and adulthood, but this subject has received little attention in bioarchaeology. The new application of clinical methods to assess pubertal stage in adolescent skeletal remains is explored, concentrating on the development of the mandibular canine, hamate, hand phalanges, iliac crest and distal radius. Initial results from the medieval cemetery of St. Read More

J Pharm Pract 2012 Jun 9;25(3):331-40. Epub 2012 May 9.

Wingate University School of Pharmacy, Wingate, NC 28174, USA.

Maximizing bone mass in youth is touted as the best strategy to offset the natural losses of aging and the menopausal transition. Not achieving maximum peak bone mineral density (BMD) is an independent risk factor for osteoporosis and thus a public health concern. Adolescence is a critical time of bone mineralization mediated by endogenous estradiol. Read More

Endokrynol Pol 2011 ;62(6):538-46

Department of Endocrinology, Metabolic Diseases and Internal Diseases, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.

Puberty is a critical bone mineralisation period, and peak bone mass attained by adolescent girls is one of the most significant predictive factors for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Adolescent girls' peak bone mass depends on genetic factors as well as on general condition, nutritional status and body mass; lifestyle is also important, along with physical exercise and the use of prescription drugs. Additionally, hormones, including oestrogens, play an important role during pubertal accumulation of bone mass. Read More

Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2010 ;19(4):465-72

Hirabai Cowasji Jehangir Medical Research Institute, Jehangire Hosptial, Pune, India.

Vitamin D deficiency is common among children and adolescents in India, in spite of abundant sunshine. We conducted a pilot; double blind randomised controlled trial to investigate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on bone mineral content in underprivileged adolescent girls, in Pune, India. Fifty post-menarcheal girls aged 14 to 15 years were randomised to receive 300,000 IU (7. Read More

J Bone Miner Res 2010 Nov;25(11):2392-8

INSERM U986, Hôpital St Vincent de Paul, Paris, France.

No consensus has been reached on the serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels required to ensure optimal bone health around menarche. We searched for a possible interaction of 25(OH)D levels and calcium intake on lumbar spine mineralization and on biologic features of bone metabolism in healthy late-pubertal girls. Lumbar spine parameters (ie, area, mineral content, and density) and calcium intake were evaluated in 211 healthy white adolescent girls at pubertal stages IV-V (11 to 16. Read More

Przegl Lek 2009 ;66(1-2):52-7

Klinika Endokrynologii Dzieci i Młodziezy, Katedry Pediatrii, Polsko-Amerykański Instytut Pediatrii, Uniwersytet Jagielloński Collegium Medium w Krakowie.

Introduction: Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are counted among psychosomatic diseases, whose incidence has been rapidly increasing in the last decades. To date, the etiology, diagnostic and therapeutic management of eating disorders have not been uniformly determined. The objective of the study is determination of the role of a pediatric endocrinologist in diagnostics and management of eating disorders. Read More

Semin Arthritis Rheum 2010 Jun 31;39(6):465-76. Epub 2009 May 31.

Department of Physical Therapy, Recanati School for Community Health Professions, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.

Objectives: Hand osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent condition with a wide spectrum of clinical presentations. We review herein the prevalence, impact on hand function, and various risk factors related to hand OA.

Methods: PubMed and MEDLINE databases (1950-2009) were searched for the keywords: "hand," "hand osteoarthritis," "distal interphalangeal," "proximal interphalangeal," "metacarpophalangeal," and "carpometacarpal. Read More

Reumatismo 2008 Jul-Sep;60(3):224-9

Ospedale Fornaroli, Unità di Reumatologia, Magenta, Milano.

Background: Puberty is an essential step in bone mass accrual. Growth failure and impairment of sexual maturation are frequent manifestations of chronic illnesses in the paediatric population, and chronic rheumatologic disorders such as juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) are no exception to this.

Methods: The aim of our study was to prospectively evaluate bone density in adolescent females with JIA, and to correlate the results with clinical variables, in particular with age at menarche. Read More

Osteoporos Int 2009 Apr 14;20(4):567-75. Epub 2008 Aug 14.

INSERM U561, Hospital Saint Vincent de Paul, Paris, France.

Summary: Low calcium intake hampers bone mineral acquisition in adolescent girls. This study explores dietary calcium sources and nutrients possibly associated with vertebral mass. Milk intake is not influenced by genetic variants of the lactase gene and is positively associated with serum IGF-1 and with lumbar vertebrae mineral content and density. Read More

An Pediatr (Barc) 2008 Jul;69(1):92-4

Georgian Med News 2008 Apr(157):49-52

The aim of the presented research is to study the indices of the bone mineral density among female population of the high mountainous Adjara (Georgia) and reveal risk factors which affect the process of mineralization in females. The research is based on the analyses of special questionnaire filled in by 422 ethnic Georgian females, natives of Adjara highlands (Khulo, Shuakhevi, Keda), from 18 to 82 years old, which underwent medical examination. Characteristic of the bone mineral density was obtained by a densitometric method of investigation. Read More

Am J Clin Nutr 2008 Feb;87(2):455-62

Academic Unit of Bone Metabolism, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.

Background: A recent meta-analysis raised doubt as to whether calcium supplementation in children benefits spine and hip bone mineral density (BMD).

Objective: We used state-of-the-art measures of bone (fan-beam dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and 4 bone turnover markers) to determine whether girls with low habitual calcium intake benefited from supplementation with a soluble form of calcium (calcium citrate malate dissolved in a fruit drink).

Design: The trial was an 18-mo randomized trial of calcium supplementation (792 mg/d) with follow-up 2 y after supplement withdrawal. Read More

Am J Med Genet A 2003 Jun;119A(3):375-80

Department of Pediatrics, Cerrahpaşa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.

We present a 27-year-old girl with short trunk stature, generalized rectangular platyspondyly and strike precocious calcification of costal cartilage. She had also brachydactyly, small nails, strabismus and delay of menarche. Her 16-year-old sister had also short trunk stature with severe kyphoscoliosis, hearing loss, brachydactyly, platyspondyly and mild precocious calcification of costal cartilages. Read More

Asia Pac J Clin Nutr 2002 ;11 Suppl 3:S543-52

Department of Human Nutrition, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.

Surveys in Australia, New Zealand and other industrialised countries report that many adolescent girls have dietary intakes of iron and zinc that fail to meet their high physiological requirements for growing body tissues, expanding red cell mass, and onset of menarche. Such dietary inadequacies can be attributed to poor food selection patterns, and low energy intakes. Additional exacerbating non-dietary factors may include high menstrual losses, strenuous exercise, pregnancy, low socioeconomic status and ethnicity. Read More

Osteoporos Int 2001 ;12(7):588-94

Calcium and Metabolic Bone Laboratory, Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Adolescence is a critical time for skeletal growth and mineralization. Exposure to protective or detrimental factors during this period may influence peak bone mass attainment and subsequent development of osteoporosis. In order to evaluate the association of body size during adolescence with subsequent adult bone mass, we conducted a follow-up study of a community-based cohort of girls who participated in a growth and sexual maturation study 30 years ago. Read More

Horm Metab Res 2001 Mar;33(3):170-4

Dept. of Pharmaco-Biology, University of Calabria, Rende (CS), Italy.

Preventive programs aimed at maximizing peak bone mass as a way of reducing the risk of osteoporotic fractures later in life should take into account the contribution of nutritional factors to bone mass accumulation in young age. The role of calcium and energy intakes on radial mineral density was investigated in 200 healthy girls (aged 11-15 yr) simultaneously evaluating serum changes of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), parathyroid hormone (PTH) and osteocalcin (OC). Dietary calcium and energy intakes were assessed by a 3-day food record method, bone mineral density (BMD) was performed at ultradistal (ud) and proximal (pr) radial sites using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Read More

J Nutr 2001 04;131(4 Suppl):1351S-4S

Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado 80262, USA.

Bioavailability can be broadly defined as the absorption and utilization of a nutrient, both of which may be affected by such host factors as gender, physiologic state and coexisting pathologic conditions. This report highlights factors of particular importance for the bioavailability of nutrients for infants, children and adolescents. Considerations for nutrient bioavailability for pediatric populations include maturation of the gastrointestinal tract, growth, character of the diet, and nutritional status. Read More

J Sci Med Sport 2000 Jun;3(2):150-64

Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.

Osteoporosis is a major, and increasing, public health problem. In this review we examine the evidence that childhood physical activity is an important determinant of bone mineral in adult years, and as such, may help to prevent osteoporosis. Animal studies provide incontrovertible evidence that growing bone has a greater capacity to add new bone to the skeleton than does adult bone. Read More

Obstet Gynecol 2000 Aug;96(2):189-93

Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2029, USA.

Objective: To determine the amount of change in bone ultrasound measures among pregnant adolescent girls and women and whether that change was associated with adolescence, maternal growth during pregnancy, limited weight gain during pregnancy, hypertension in pregnancy, or poor diet.

Methods: We used bone ultrasound measurements of attenuation and sound velocity to assess changes in quantitative ultrasound indices of 252 pregnant adolescent girls and women age 12-34 years. Bone ultrasound measurement of the os calcis was performed at 16 +/- 7 weeks' gestation (mean +/- standard deviation and 6 +/- 1 weeks postpartum. Read More

Ginecol Obstet Mex 1999 Oct;67:478-83

Centro para el Estudio del Climaterio y Osteoporosis, Hospital de México, México, D.F.

The objective was to know the characteristics of presentation, its clinical aspects and the modification in the diagnostic tools in a selected population of Mexican women with spontaneous menopause. The age at menarche, age at menopause, marital status, age at marriage, number of pregnancies and occupation of 1,099 women with spontaneous menopause were studied. In 619 women which were not receiving nor had received hormone replacement therapy the clinical, laboratory such as glucose, lipids, hormones, bone remodeling biochemistry; and X ray studies such as densitometry and mammography were analyzed. Read More

Adv Exp Med Biol 1998 ;445:283-91

USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.

Changes in the mineralization rate of the skeleton during childhood are related to normal growth and pubertal development. These may be affected by genetic factors, including race and gender, and by the presence of abnormalities of growth or hormonal abnormalities such as occur in children with chronic illnesses. We have used multicompartmental studies to examine calcium kinetics in healthy children ranging in age from premature infants of 1-2 kg body weight through adolescence. Read More

J Rheumatol 1998 Oct;25(10):2003-8

Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, and the Instituto Médico Infantil, Osteopesquisa, Chile.

Objective: To assess bone mineralization in healthy Chilean children and adolescents, considering sex, age, height, and puberty.

Methods: In a descriptive cross sectional study, the appendicular bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by single photon x-ray absorptiometry at distal (D-BMD) and ultradistal (UD-BMD) regions of the forearm, in 571 healthy children and adolescents of Valparaíso and Viña del Mar, Chile, considering their age, sex, height, calcium intake, and pubertal development according to Tanner.

Results: Physical activity was regular; daily average calcium intake was 580 +/- 100 mg and the D-BMD and UD-BMD showed a 3 step growth pattern: Slow increments between 4 and 8 years of age in girls (r = 0. Read More

Am J Clin Nutr 1996 Sep;64(3):274-82

Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616, USA.

Growth retardation has been associated with zinc deficiency in adolescent human populations, but animal models were not available previously to explore this syndrome. Moderate dietary zinc deprivation (2 micrograms Zn/g diet) was introduced in female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta; n = 10) from the beginning of puberty through menarche. Subgroups of animals (n = 4) continued to be fed the zinc-deficient diet through 45 mo of age (sexual maturity). Read More

Presse Med 1994 Feb;23(4):156-8

Service de Rhumatologie, Hôtel-Dieu, Nantes.

Bone loss in subjects with anorexia nevrosa was first demonstrated in 1984 and later confirmed by computed tomography and absorptiometry. Both cortical and trabecular bone is involved. Bone mineral content decreases early and has been estimated at 6 to 8% in 90% of the subjects with anorexia nevrosa. Read More