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Physiol Rev 2021 Apr 21. Epub 2021 Apr 21.

Deparment of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Spain.

The spermatozoon is a highly differentiated and polarized cell, with two main structures: the head, containing a haploid nucleus and the acrosomal exocytotic granule, and the flagellum, which generates energy and propels the cell; both structures are connected by the neck. The sperm's main aim is to participate in fertilization, thus activating development. Despite this common bauplan and function there is an enormous diversity in structure and performance of sperm cells. Read More

Mol Med Rep 2021 Jun 21;23(6). Epub 2021 Apr 21.

Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Qinghai University Medical College, Xining, Qinghai 810016, P.R. China.

Musk ketone exerts antiproliferative effects on several types of cancer, such as lung and breast cancer. However, the effects and underlying mechanisms of action of musk ketone in gastric cancer (GC) are poorly understood. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of musk ketone in GC cells. Read More

Int Ophthalmol 2021 Apr 20. Epub 2021 Apr 20.

Department of Ophthalmology, Malatya State Hospital, Malatya, Turkey.

Purpose: The aim of this paper was to study the correlation and agreement between the intraocular pressure (IOP) peak value and fluctuations detected with the modified diurnal tension curve (mDTC) and the water drinking test (WDT) in pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (XFG) patients.

Methods: This prospective observational study enrolled 42 eyes of 42 XFG patients. The IOPs were measured at 2-h intervals from 8 am to 4 pm with a Goldmann applanation tonometer by a single observer to establish the mDTC. Read More

J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021 Apr 20:1-8. Epub 2021 Apr 20.

Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.

Modulation of proteasome function by pharmacological interventions and molecular biology tools is an active area of research in cancer biology and neurodegenerative diseases. Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is a naturally occurring polyphenol that affects multiple signaling pathways. Curcumin shows anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-angiogenic, or anti-apoptotic properties. Read More

Int Ophthalmol 2021 Apr 19. Epub 2021 Apr 19.

Department of Ophthalmology, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Medical Faculty, Rize, Turkey.

Purpose: To investigate the impact of oxygen delivery on the clinical outcomes of accelerated transepithelial corneal cross-linking (A-TE CXL).

Methods: Fifty-seven eyes of 44 progressive keratoconus (KCN) patients were randomly separated into two age-sex-matched groups. Twenty-nine eyes of 23 KCN patients that underwent oxygen-supplemented A-TE CXL formed the study group and 28 eyes of 21 patients treated with the same procedure but under room air conditions formed the control group. Read More

New Phytol 2003 Dec;160(3):489-499

Plant Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Sciences, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark.

•  Apoplastic and bulk tissue concentrations of NH and H were measured during senescence of intact (attached) and excised ryegrass (Lolium perenne) leaves differing in nitrogen and carbon status. The potential for NH emission from the senescing leaves was estimated on the basis of the ratio between [NH ] and [H ], designated the Γ-value, in apoplastic solution and bulk tissue. •  Attached leaves with visual symptoms of senescence showed two to three times higher [NH ] and 0. Read More

Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021 Apr 19:e2100029. Epub 2021 Apr 19.

Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

New coumarin derivatives 9a-f, 10a-e, and 11a-f were synthesized and evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against a human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). All compounds exhibited good activity in the nanomolar range, using doxorubicin and erlotinib as positive controls. The most active compound 9d with IC of 21 nM was tested against the HCT-116, HepG-2, A549, and SGC-7901 cell lines, with IC values of 0. Read More

Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021 Apr;62(4):24

Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

Purpose: To study birefringence of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) of diabetic eyes with no clinical signs of diabetic retinopathy (DR) or mild to moderate DR stages using spectral-domain polarization-sensitive (PS) optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Methods: In this observational pilot study, circular PS-OCT scans centered on the optic nerve head were recorded in prospectively recruited diabetic and age-matched healthy eyes. From averaged circumpapillary intensity and retardation tomograms plots of RNFL birefringence were obtained by a linear fit of retardation versus depth within the RNFL tissue for each A-scan position and mean birefringence values for RNFL calculated. Read More

Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021 1;11:656984. Epub 2021 Apr 1.

Laboratory of Basic and Applied Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology, Center of Biological Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil.

Biogenic silver nanoparticles (bio-AgNPs) are increasingly recognized as an antibiofilm and antivirulence strategy against , a bacterium that causes chronic infections in immunocompromised and cystic fibrosis patients. This study aimed to investigate the effects of subinhibitory concentrations of bio-AgNPs on motility and biofilm formation in . Bio-AgNPs were synthesized reduction of ionic silver catalyzed by cell-free culture filtrate from . Read More

Inflammopharmacology 2021 Apr 17. Epub 2021 Apr 17.

Faculty of Pharmacy, MAHSA University, Bandar Saujana Putra, 42610, Jenjarom, Selangor, Malaysia.

In our previous laboratory findings, Cyathocalyx pruniferus extracts exhibited platelet-activating factor inhibition, suggesting their anti-inflammatory potential. Hence, this study was designed with the aim to isolate phyto-constituents from C. pruniferus with potent anti-inflammatory activities. Read More

Brain Behav Immun 2021 Apr 13. Epub 2021 Apr 13.

King's Lab, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Pharmacy, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China. Electronic address:

Gabapentinoids are recommended first-line treatments for neuropathic pain. They are neuronal voltage-dependent calcium channel α2δ-1 subunit ligands and have been suggested to attenuate neuropathic pain via interaction with neuronal α2δ-1 subunit. However, the current study revealed their microglial mechanisms underlying antineuropathic pain. Read More

Chem Biodivers 2021 Apr 16. Epub 2021 Apr 16.

Hamadan University of Medical Sciences Medical Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry, Shahid fahmideh, 081, hamedan, IRAN (ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF).

A novel series of tacrine based cyclopentapyranopyridin- and tetrahydropyranoquinolin-kojic acid derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as anti-cholinesterase agents. The chemical structures of all target compounds were characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and elemental analyses. The synthesized compounds mostly inhibited acetylcholinesterase enzyme (AChE) with IC50 values of 4. Read More

Nat Nanotechnol 2021 Apr 15. Epub 2021 Apr 15.

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.

Fascinating phenomena can occur as charge and/or energy carriers are confined in one dimension. One such example is the divergent thermal conductivity (κ) of one-dimensional lattices, even in the presence of anharmonic interatomic interactions-a direct consequence of the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam-Tsingou paradox proposed in 1955. This length dependence of κ, also known as superdiffusive phonon transport, presents a classical anomaly of continued interest. Read More

Sci Rep 2021 Apr 15;11(1):8210. Epub 2021 Apr 15.

Laboratorio de Diseño y Desarrollo de Nuevos Fármacos e Innovación Biotécnológica (Laboratory for the Design and Development of New Drugs and Biotechnological Innovation), Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Plan de San Luis y Díaz Mirón, 11340, Ciudad de México, Mexico.

Generation 4 of polyamidoamine dendrimer (G4-PAMAM) has several biological effects due to its tridimensional globular structure, repetitive branched amides, tertiary amines, and amino-terminal subunit groups liked to a common core. G4-PAMAM is cytotoxic due to its positive charges. However, its cytotoxicity could increase in cancer cells due to the excessive intracellular negative charges in these cells. Read More

Opt Lett 2021 Apr;46(8):1824-1827

We measure the third-order nonlinear optical response of various dielectrics and semiconductors using the spectrally resolved two-beam coupling method at 2.3 µm, 3.5 µm, 4. Read More

Phys Med Biol 2021 Apr 14. Epub 2021 Apr 14.

Departamento de Fisica de Particulas, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Santiago de Compostela, Coruña, 15782, SPAIN.

In this work we show the first microdosimetry measurements on a low energy proton beam with therapeutic-equivalent fluence rates by using the second generation of 3D-cylindrical microdetectors. The sensors belong to an improved version of a novel silicon-based 3D-microdetector design with electrodes etched inside silicon, which were manufactured at the National Microelectronics Centre (IMB-CNM, CSIC) in Spain. A new microtechnology has been employed using quasi-toroid electrodes of 25 μm diameter and a depth of 20 μm within the silicon bulk, resulting in a well-defined cylindrical radiation sensitive volume. Read More

Data Brief 2021 Apr 19;35:106984. Epub 2021 Mar 19.

Grupo de Investigaciones Básicas y Aplicadas en Odontología, Departamento de Salud Oral, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.

Data in this article are associated with our research article "Effect of Myricetin on Odontoblast-like Cells and its Potential to Preserve Resin-Dentin Bonds." Both a poor infiltration of resin monomers into the demineralized dentin matrix and hydrolytic degradation of the adhesive could lead to the instability of the resin-dentin interface. The degradation of collagen is caused by matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and cysteine cathepsins. Read More

J Biomol Struct Dyn 2021 Apr 13:1-12. Epub 2021 Apr 13.

Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Biopharmaceutical and Toxicological Analysis Research Team, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco.

In the present study, a series of thiazolidine-2,4-diones derivatives () and () were synthesized and characterized by H NMR, C NMR and ESI-MS spectrometry. All compounds were screened for their α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities. biological investigations revealed that most of compounds were active against α-glucosidase with IC values in the range of 43. Read More

J Clin Monit Comput 2021 Apr 12. Epub 2021 Apr 12.

Department of Anesthesia, University Hospital Ghent, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.

We assessed extracranial contamination of the near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) signal during administration of phenylephrine. The study was performed with NIRO 200NX which employs both the Modified Beer-Lambert (MBL) method to measure total hemoglobin (tHb, expressed in µM), and Spatially Resolved Spectroscopy (SRS) to measure total hemoglobin content (nTHI, expressed in arbitrary units (a.u. Read More

Sci Rep 2021 Apr 12;11(1):7931. Epub 2021 Apr 12.

Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, (Viikinkaari 5 E), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.

Biofilms are multicellular communities of microorganisms that generally attach to surfaces in a self-produced matrix. Unlike planktonic cells, biofilms can withstand conventional antibiotics, causing significant challenges in the healthcare system. Currently, new chemical entities are urgently needed to develop novel anti-biofilm agents. Read More

Cartilage 2021 Apr 10:19476035211007909. Epub 2021 Apr 10.

Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.

Objective: To investigate the influences of the diffusion gradient directions (angular resolution) and the strength of the diffusion gradient ( value) on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics and tractography of various connective tissues in knee joint.

Design: Two rat knee joints were scanned on a preclinical 9.4-T system using a 3-dimensional diffusion-weighted spin echo pulse sequence. Read More

Front Oncol 2021 26;11:656738. Epub 2021 Mar 26.

PhD Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.

Background: The application of computational and multi-omics approaches has aided our understanding of carcinogenesis and the development of therapeutic strategies. NSC765598 is a novel small molecule derivative of salicylanilide. This study aims to investigate the ligand-protein interactions of NSC765598 with its potential targets and to evaluate its anticancer activities

Methods: We used multi-computational tools and clinical databases, respectively, to identify the potential drug target for NSC765598 and analyze the genetic profile and prognostic relevance of the targets in multiple cancers. Read More

Food Sci Nutr 2021 Apr 21;9(4):2227-2233. Epub 2021 Feb 21.

Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health School of Veterinary Medicine Shiraz University Shiraz Iran.

This study was conducted to prepare starch-based moisture absorbent pads from nanocellulose (NC) and nanowood (NW) particles using solution casting evaporation method and to evaluate their physical and mechanical properties at different thicknesses. The swelling degree (), water vapor permeability (WVP), tensile strength (TS), and elongation at break (EB), of prepared biofilms were measured. Structural properties of biofilms were evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (). Read More

Food Sci Nutr 2021 Apr 18;9(4):2147-2157. Epub 2021 Feb 18.

Department of Biology Central Tehran Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran.

Superheated water extraction was applied to produce quinoa-barley malt extract. D-optimal combined design was used to optimize the extraction conditions (time (min), solid-water ratio and particle size to obtain maximum protein and carbohydrate content, and minimum turbidity and pH. Quinoa flour (10%-30%), barley malt flour (70%-90%), different particle sizes ( = 420 µm,  = 710 µm), time (15-45 min), and solid-water ratio (0. Read More

Bioorg Chem 2021 Mar 29;111:104880. Epub 2021 Mar 29.

Chemical Biology Research Center at School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, 1210 University Town, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China. Electronic address:

There remains a critical need for more effective therapies for the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), which is the leading cause of death in patients with prostate cancer. In this study, a series of sanjuanolide derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated as potential anti-CRPC agents. Most of the compounds had excellent selectivity for CRPC cells with IC values < 20 µM. Read More

Bioorg Chem 2021 Apr 1;111:104882. Epub 2021 Apr 1.

Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, 33169 Mersin, Turkey. Electronic address:

Building on our previous work that discovered chalcone as a promising pharmacophore for anticancer activity, we have various other chalcone derivatives and have synthesized a series of novel bischalcone to explore their anticancer activity. Among all tested compounds, compounds 6a, 6b, and 6c showed the highest antiproliferative activity against A-549 cancer cell lines with the average IC values of 4.18, 4. Read More

Bioorg Chem 2021 Mar 29;111:104877. Epub 2021 Mar 29.

Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt. Electronic address:

Liver cancer is the most common type of cancer in many countries. New studies and statistics show rising liver cancer worldwide, so it is essential to seek new agents for this type of cancer. PIM1 has an attractive target in the discovery of cancer medications as it is very much expressed in a variety of malignancies and influences such as tumorigenesis, cell cycle progression, cellular proliferation, apoptosis, and cell migration. Read More

Bioorg Chem 2021 Apr 1;111:104885. Epub 2021 Apr 1.

Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, 82524 Sohag, Egypt. Electronic address:

New antibacterial drugs are urgently needed to tackle the rapid rise in multi-drug resistant bacteria. DNA gyrase is a validated target for the development of new antibacterial drugs. Thus, in the present investigation, a novel series of 1,2,4-oxadiazole-chalcone/oxime (6a-f) and (7a-f) were synthesized and characterized by IR, NMR (H and C) and elemental analyses. Read More

Acta Ophthalmol 2021 Apr 10. Epub 2021 Apr 10.

Helsinki Retina Research Group, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.

Background: Wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and age-related cataract are often coexisting causes of visual impairment. Yet, the timing of cataract surgery in wet AMD patients is controversial.

Methods: One hundred and eleven eyes of 111 patients with wet AMD underwent cataract surgery at Helsinki University Hospital in Finland during 2014-2018. Read More

J Nucl Med 2021 Apr 9. Epub 2021 Apr 9.

Erasmus MC, Netherlands.

To build a refined dosimetry model for [Lu]Lu-DOTA-[Tyr]octreotate (Lu-DOTATATE) experiments enabling the correlation of absorbed dose with double strand breaks (DSBs) induction and cell death. Somatostatin receptor type-2 (SSTR) expression of NCI-H69 xenografted mice, injected with Lu-DOTATATE, was imaged at 0, 2, 5, 11 days. This was used as input to reconstruct realistic 3 dimensional heterogeneous activity distributions and tissue geometries of both cancer and heathy cells. Read More