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BMJ Open 2022 Jun 30;12(6):e058645. Epub 2022 Jun 30.

Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany

Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) are common and may predispose affected individuals to various health problems, including alcohol use disorder (AUD). Although a relationship between ACE and AUD has been well-established, potential mechanisms that may underlie this relationship remain to be elucidated. The importance of these mechanisms with respect to relapse risk is of particular interest, given the clinical relevance of relapse in addictions. Read More

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2022 Jun 30. Epub 2022 Jun 30.

From the Barrow Neurological Institute at Phoenix Children's Hospital and Department of Radiology (T.A., P.C., S.B.).

Pediatric patients with myelopathy expressing intradural spinal vascular ectasia without arteriovenous shunting were studied at four tertiary referral neuropediatric centers. Patients were identified by retrospective review of institutional records and excluded if spinal vascular pathology could be classified into a previously described category of spinal vascular malformation. Four patients meeting the study criteria were enrolled in the study. Read More

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2022 Jun 30. Epub 2022 Jun 30.

From the Aix Marseille University (M.M.E.M., A.-M.G., R.D., J.-P.S., J.-P.R., M.G., A.V., W.Z.), Centre national de la recherche scientifique, The Center for Magnetic Resonance in Biology and Medicine, Marseille, France.

Background And Purpose: While conventional MR imaging has limited value in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, nonconventional MR imaging has shown alterations of microstructure using diffusion MR imaging and recently sodium homeostasis with sodium MR imaging. We aimed to investigate the topography of brain regions showing combined microstructural and sodium homeostasis alterations in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis subgroups according to their disease-progression rates.

Materials And Methods: Twenty-nine patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and 24 age-matched healthy controls were recruited. Read More

World Neurosurg 2022 Jun 27. Epub 2022 Jun 27.

Department of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil.

Background: The cerebellar tonsil tip position (TP) is a common parameter used for the radiological diagnosis of Chiari malformation type 1 (CM1). However, these paramedian structures are usually not properly visualized in the midsagittal section. Such mismatch may be a source of bias in TP measurements based on the McRae's line (ML) traced between median craniometric points. Read More

Heart Rhythm 2022 Jun 27. Epub 2022 Jun 27.

Division of Cardiovascular Medicine. Electronic address:

Background: Late gadolinium enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance (LGE-CMR) imaging may help identify radiofrequency ablation lesions. This has been poorly described in patients with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM).

Objectives: To describe LGE-CMR characteristics of ablation lesions in patients with NICM and correlate with histopathology. Read More

Magn Reson Imaging 2022 Jun 27. Epub 2022 Jun 27.

Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan.

This study aimed to analyze the time-course of the physical properties of the psoas major muscle (PM) before and after exercise using magnetic resonance elastography (MRE). Muscle stiffness is one of the important properties associated with muscle function. However, there was no research on the stiffness of the PM after exercise. Read More

Magn Reson Imaging 2022 Jun 27. Epub 2022 Jun 27.

Department of Radiology, International University of Health and Welfare Narita Hospital, 852 Hatakeda Narita, Chiba 286-0124, Japan. Electronic address:

Purpose: To assess the possibility of reducing the image acquisition time for diffusion-weighted whole-body imaging with background body signal suppression (DWIBS) by denoising with deep learning-based reconstruction (dDLR).

Methods: Seventeen patients with prostate cancer who underwent DWIBS by 1.5 T magnetic resonance imaging with a number of excitations of 2 (NEX2) and 8 (NEX8) were prospectively enrolled. Read More

Phys Med Biol 2022 Jun 30. Epub 2022 Jun 30.

Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, Medical Physics Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Verona Sede di Borgo Trento, Piazzale Stefani 1, Verona, 37124, ITALY.

In the artificial intelligence era, machine learning techniques have gained more and more importance in the advanced analysis of medical images in several fields of modern medicine. Radiomics extracts a huge number of medical imaging features revealing key components of tumor phenotype that can be linked to genomic pathways. The multi-dimensional nature of radiomics requires highly accurate and reliable machine-learning methods to create predictive models for classification or therapy response assessment. Read More

Eur J Radiol 2022 Jun 24;154:110418. Epub 2022 Jun 24.

Department of Pediatric Radiology, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.

Purpose: Many diseases of traumatic, infectious, endocrinologic and neoplastic origin can lead to orbital involvement and related morphological changes. In the present study, we aimed to determine the age-based normal orbital measurements using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in pediatric patients.

Methods: Our retrospective study included 186 patients with normal orbital MRI findings. Read More

Int J Surg Case Rep 2022 Jun 24;96:107349. Epub 2022 Jun 24.

Department of Cardiac Surgery, Toyota Kosei Hospital, Ibobara 500-1, Jousui-cho, Toyota, Aichi 470-0396, Japan.

Introduction And Importance: Primary cardiac angiosarcoma is extremely rare, and its prognosis remains poor, with a mean life expectancy of only a few months. Here, we report a case of primary cardiac angiosarcoma.

Case Presentation: A 49-year-old Japanese woman with a month-long history of dyspnea was admitted to our hospital for pericardial effusion. Read More

Neuroimage Clin 2022 Jun 25;35:103099. Epub 2022 Jun 25.

Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. Electronic address:

Background And Objectives: Connectivity-based approaches incorporating the distribution and magnitude of the extended brain network aberrations caused by lesions may offer higher sensitivity for axonal damage in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) than conventional lesion characteristics. Using individual brain disconnectome mapping, we tested the longitudinal associations between putative imaging-based brain network aberrations and levels of serum neurofilament light chain (NfL) as a neuroaxonal injury biomarker.

Methods: MS patients (n = 312, mean age 42. Read More

Neuroimage Clin 2022 Jun 21;35:103094. Epub 2022 Jun 21.

Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Ulm, Germany. Electronic address:

Background And Objective: Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can be used to tract-wise map correlates of the sequential disease progression and, therefore, to assess disease stages of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in vivo. According to a threshold-based sequential scheme, a classification of ALS patients into disease stages is possible, however, several patients cannot be staged for methodological reasons. This study aims to implement a multivariate Bayesian classification algorithm for disease stage prediction at an individual ALS patient level based on DTI metrics of involved tract systems to improve disease stage mapping. Read More

PLoS One 2022 30;17(6):e0270682. Epub 2022 Jun 30.

Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.

Background: There is anecdotal evidence for beneficial effects of music therapy in patients with Alzheimer's Disease (AD). However, there is a lack of rigorous research investigating this issue. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of music therapy and physical activity on brain plasticity, mood, and cognition in a population with AD and at risk for AD. Read More

Brain 2022 Jun 30. Epub 2022 Jun 30.

Department of Neurosurgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK.

Epilepsy is well-recognized as a disorder of brain networks. There is a growing body of research to identify critical nodes within dynamic epileptic networks with the aim to target therapies that halt the onset and propagation of seizures. In parallel, intracranial neuromodulation, including deep brain stimulation and responsive neurostimulation, are well-established and expanding as therapies to reduce seizures in adults with focal epilepsy; and there is emerging evidence for their efficacy in children and generalized seizure disorders. Read More

Methods Mol Biol 2022 ;2497:141-172

Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.

Mitochondrial energy production is crucial for normal daily activities and maintenance of life. Herein, the logic and execution of two main classes of measurements are outlined to delineate mitochondrial function: ATP production and oxygen consumption. Aerobic ATP production is quantified by phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (PMRS) in vivo in both human subjects and animal models using the same protocols and maintaining the same primary assumptions. Read More

Methods Mol Biol 2022 ;2497:83-95

Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium.

The oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and superoxide production are crucial when assessing mitochondrial function and/or dysfunction. EPR spectroscopy allows the measurement of both components either independently or simultaneously in a same cellular or mitochondrial preparation. OCR determination using EPR oximetry is based on the change in EPR linewidth of a paramagnetic oxygen sensing probe (a perdeuterated nitroxide) in the presence of oxygen consuming cells in a closed system. Read More

J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2022 Jun 30. Epub 2022 Jun 30.

Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic Rochester, 200 1st Street Southwest, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.

Background: Mid-myocardial ventricular arrhythmias are challenging to treat. Cardiac electroporation via pulsed electric fields (PEFs) offers significant promise. We therefore tested PEF delivery using screw-in pacemaker leads as proof-of-concept. Read More

Neurosci Bull 2022 Jun 30. Epub 2022 Jun 30.

Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) have become a significant threat to an aging human society. Numerous studies have been conducted in the past decades to clarify their pathologic mechanisms and search for reliable biomarkers. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a powerful tool for investigating structural and functional brain alterations in NDs. Read More

Ann Surg Oncol 2022 Jun 30. Epub 2022 Jun 30.

Department of General Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-0856, Japan.

Ann Surg Oncol 2022 Jun 30. Epub 2022 Jun 30.

The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust and Imperial College London, Sutton, UK.

Background: It is widely believed that small rectal tumors are more likely to have a good response to neoadjuvant treatment, which may influence the selection of patients for a 'watch and wait' strategy.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is a relationship between baseline tumor length on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and response to chemoradiotherapy.

Method: The 96 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer randomised (2:1-intervention:control) in the TRIGGER feasibility study where eligible. Read More

Exp Physiol 2022 Jun 30. Epub 2022 Jun 30.

Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas and UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.

New Findings: What is the central question of the study? What are the sex differences in ventilatory responses during exercise in adults with obesity. What is the main finding and its importance? Tidal volume and expiratory flows are lower in females when compared with males at higher levels of ventilation despite small increases in end-expiratory lung volumes. Since dyspnea on exertion is a frequent complaint, particularly in females with obesity, careful attention should be paid to unpleasant respiratory symptoms and mechanical ventilatory constraints before prescribing exercise. Read More

Eur J Pediatr 2022 Jun 30. Epub 2022 Jun 30.

Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.

To compare patterns of sedentary (SED) time (more sedentary, SED + vs less sedentary, SED-), moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) time (more active, MVPA + vs less active, MVPA-), and combinations of behaviors (SED-/MVPA + , SED-/MVPA-, SED + /MVPA + , SED + /MVPA-) regarding nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) markers. This cross-sectional study included 134 subjects (13.4 ± 2. Read More

Biomol NMR Assign 2022 Jun 30. Epub 2022 Jun 30.

Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430071, People's Republic of China.

The Sugar Will Eventually be Exported Transporter (SWEET) family is a new class of transporters that plays crucial roles in the cellular sugar transport process. Their bacterial homologs, known as SemiSWEETs, are among the smallest transporters and can be used as a prototype for studying the biological properties of sugar transporters. Here, a set of dipolar-based multidimensional solid-state NMR spectra were employed to investigate the structure of Vibrio sp. Read More

J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022 Jun 30. Epub 2022 Jun 30.

Department of Radiology, Huadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Jing'an District, 221# Yan'anxi Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.

Purpose: To investigate the value of the combined diagnosis of multiparametric MRI-based deep learning models to differentiate triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) from fibroadenoma magnetic resonance Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System category 4 (BI-RADS 4) lesions and to evaluate whether the combined diagnosis of these models could improve the diagnostic performance of radiologists.

Methods: A total of 319 female patients with 319 pathologically confirmed BI-RADS 4 lesions were randomly divided into training, validation, and testing sets in this retrospective study. The three models were established based on contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging, and T2-weighted imaging using the training and validation sets. Read More

Eur Radiol 2022 Jun 30. Epub 2022 Jun 30.

Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, No. 305 E Zhongshan Rd, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu Province, China.

Objectives: To assess the complementary value of high-resolution multi-contrast MRI (hrMRI) in identifying symptomatic patients with intracranial atherosclerosis (ICAS) who are likely to experience recurrent ischemic cerebrovascular events.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, eighty patients with acute ischemic events attributed to ICAS who underwent hrMRI examination between January 2015 and January 2019 were included. Median follow-up for all patients was 30 months (range: 1 to 52 months) and recurrent ischemic cerebrovascular events were recorded. Read More

Eur Radiol 2022 Jun 30. Epub 2022 Jun 30.

Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.

Objectives: The Prostate Imaging Quality (PI-QUAL) score is a new metric to evaluate the diagnostic quality of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the prostate. This study assesses the impact of an intervention, namely a prostate MRI quality training lecture, on the participant's ability to apply PI-QUAL.

Methods: Sixteen participants (radiologists, urologists, physicists, and computer scientists) of varying experience in reviewing diagnostic prostate MRI all assessed the image quality of ten examinations from different vendors and machines. Read More

Eur Radiol 2022 Jun 30. Epub 2022 Jun 30.

Department of Radiology, Center for Clinical Imaging Data Science, Research Institute of Radiological Sciences, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea.

Objectives: To investigate the effect of the phantom-based correction method for standardizing myocardial native T1 and extracellular volume fraction (ECV) in healthy subjects.

Methods: Seventy-one healthy asymptomatic adult (≥ 20 years) volunteers of five different age groups (34 men and 37 women, 45.5 ± 15. Read More

Radiologie (Heidelb) 2022 Jun 30. Epub 2022 Jun 30.

Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Deutschland.

Background: Imaging of the postoperative shoulder joint includes complex, diagnostically challenging changes regarding the anatomical structures.

Objectives: Case-based presentation of common surgical procedures, expected postoperative findings, and typical complications.

Materials And Methods: Interdisciplinary evaluation of (didactically instructive) cases and discussion of pertinent literature and expert opinions. Read More

J Appl Physiol (1985) 2022 Jun 30. Epub 2022 Jun 30.

School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States.

This study had two aims. AIM1 was to determine the agreement between mid-thigh vastus lateralis (VL) cross-sectional area measured by ultrasound (mCSA) versus magnetic resonance imaging (mCSA) at a single time point, and the ability of each to detect hypertrophic changes. AIM2 was to assess the relationships between pre-to-post training changes in thigh lean mass determined by DXA, VL mCSA, ultrasound-determined VL thickness (VL), and VL mean myofiber cross-sectional area (fCSA) with changes in VL mCSA. Read More

Lett Appl Microbiol 2022 Jun 30. Epub 2022 Jun 30.

Marine Biotechnology Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North, P.B. No, 1603, Cochin, -682018, Kerala State, India.

Seaweed-associated bacterial symbionts are sources of potential pharmacological properties. The present study resulted in the culture-dependent isolation of bioactive heterotrophs belonging to the bacterial phylum Firmicutes, which were dominated more than 30% of the 127 cultivable isolates, among which 23 of them showed potential antimicrobial activities against a wide range of pathogens. The symbionts isolated from the seaweed Sargassum wightii showed significant bioactivity. Read More