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J Long Term Eff Med Implants 2021 ;31(1):43-47

Trauma and Orthopaedic Department, Red Cross Hospital, Athens, Greece.

Primary extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphomas that involve skeletal muscles (PSML) are infrequent with non- specific features or symptoms. Therefore, their diagnosis can be immensely convoluted since they mimic other soft tissue tumors and diseases (34). In this study, the case of a 61-year-old male patient, who presented with a history of a 6-week left thigh oedema and concomitant pain in our Emergency Department, is discussed. Read More

Front Immunol 2021 11;12:605945. Epub 2021 Mar 11.

Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States.

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a common complication in patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) and often associated with other features, such as bronchiectasis and autoimmunity. As the ILD term encompasses different acute and chronic pulmonary conditions, the diagnosis is commonly made based on imaging features; histopathology is less frequently available. From a cohort of 637 patients with CVID followed at our center over 4 decades, we reviewed the data for 46 subjects (30 females, 16 males) who had lung biopsies with proven ILD. Read More

Vet World 2021 Feb 26;14(2):523-536. Epub 2021 Feb 26.

Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.

Background And Aim: Probiotics improve intestinal balance through bacterial antagonism and competitive exclusion. This study aimed to investigate the o antimicrobial activity, as well as the o preventive, immunological, productive, and histopathological modifications produced by probiotic s.

Materials And Methods: The antimicrobial activities of (5×10 CFU/g; 0. Read More

Vet World 2021 Feb 22;14(2):457-467. Epub 2021 Feb 22.

Laboratory of Biotechnology, Environment, Agri-Food, and Health LBEAS, Faculty of Sciences, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah USMBA Fez, Morocco.

Background And Aim: (L.) has been used in traditional North African and Indian medicine for the treatment of several diseases such as cancer, rheumatism, epilepsy, diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease. Despite its medical benefits, few studies have examined its toxicity. Read More

Clin Exp Rheumatol 2021 Mar 22. Epub 2021 Mar 22.

Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.

Objectives: To explore the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and the therapeutic effect of Kimura's disease (KD).

Methods: Clinical data of 20 patients with pathologically confirmed KD admitted to Peking University People's Hospital from June 2000 to June 2019 were analysed. A total of 20 confirmed KD patients were enrolled in the study, 18 male and 2 female, with age-onset ranging from 2 to 58 years. Read More

Semin Diagn Pathol 2021 Feb 26. Epub 2021 Feb 26.

Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, 1215 Lee Street, Box 800214, Charlottesville, VA, United States. Electronic address:

The luminal gastrointestinal tract can be a site of robust immune response in which reactive lymphoproliferative processes can sometimes be difficult to distinguish from lymphoma. In this article, we review gastrointestinal tract normal resident inflammatory cells and common nonneoplastic lymphoproliferative responses with emphasis on their differential and links to lymphoma. Topics that are covered include lymphocytic esophagitis, gastric chronic inflammation, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, and ulceration, small intestinal lymphoid hyperplasia, celiac disease, microscopic colitis, inflammatory bowel disease, primary immunodeficiency, graft-versus-host disease, and anti-programmed cell death protein-1 effect. Read More

Head Neck Pathol 2021 Mar 15;15(1):41-58. Epub 2021 Mar 15.

University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, USA.

Lymphoid and histiocytic lesions of the head and neck in pediatric patients is a fascinating topic as most of these lesions are benign, but that the neoplastic cases are essential to diagnose accurately for appropriate treatment. It is thought that 90% of children will have palpable lymph nodes between the ages of 4 to 8; most, but not all, are non-malignant and some resolve spontaneously without treatment. This paper will look at many of the benign and malignant lesions of both lymphocytic and histiocytic origin that present in the head and neck of children focusing on their diagnostic criteria. Read More

Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2021 Mar 11. Epub 2021 Mar 11.

Section of Pulmonary, Allergy, Sleep & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts. Electronic address:

Objective: To summarize the current understanding of diagnostic and postdiagnostic evaluation of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID).

Data Sources: PubMed Central database.

Study Selections: Original research articles and review articles from 2015 to 2020 including seminal articles that shaped the diagnostic and postdiagnostic evaluation of CVID were incorporated. Read More

Semin Diagn Pathol 2021 Mar 3. Epub 2021 Mar 3.

University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, United States.

Lymphoproliferative processes which occur in the gastrointestinal tract range from benign reactive processes such as follicular hyperplasia (rectal tonsil) to high grade malignant lymphomas and histiocytic sarcoma. The WHO Classification of Tumors: Digestive System Tumors, 5th Edition was published in 2019 and shows several impactful changes as compared to the 4th Edition published in 2010. WHO Classification of Tumors of Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues 2017 also included detailed changes in hematopoietic neoplasms within the gastrointestinal tract. Read More

Mod Rheumatol 2021 Apr 6:1-9. Epub 2021 Apr 6.

Division of Rheumatology, Tokai University Hachioji Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.

Objective: To describe the clinicopathological characteristics of lymphoproliferative disorders (LPDs) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods: In this multicenter case series, we retrospectively reviewed the medical records of RA patients who were newly diagnosed as having LPDs with or without biopsy confirmation between 2000 and 2017 in eight hospitals in Japan.

Results: We included 232 patients with LPDs. Read More

Oncol Lett 2021 Apr 2;21(4):245. Epub 2021 Feb 2.

Department of Lymphatic and Hematological Oncology, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital (Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanchang University), Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common and heterogeneous lymphoid malignancy. The subtype with MYC and BCL-2 double-expressor lymphoma (DEL) was defined by its aggressive nature and poor survival outcome. Therefore, the development of effective therapies for the DEL subtype is imperative. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2021 Feb;100(8):e24955

Department of Radiology.

Abstract: To investigate the feasibility of arterial spin labeling (ASL) blood flow (BF) and its histogram analysis to distinguish early-stage nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) from nasopharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia (NPLH).Sixty-three stage T1 NPC patients and benign NPLH patients underwent ASL on a 3.0-T magnetic resonance imaging system. Read More

Clin Imaging 2021 Feb 23;77:98-110. Epub 2021 Feb 23.

Department of Radiology, McMaster University, St. Joseph's Healthcare, 50 Charlton Ave. East, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada. Electronic address:

The thymus is a primary lymphoid organ that plays a key role in the immune system development. Normally, it is located in the anterior mediastinum and it changes tissue composition with progressive fatty involution with age. The spectrum of pathological processes involving the thymus include enlargement, tumour development, and cystic change. Read More

Virchows Arch 2021 Mar 1. Epub 2021 Mar 1.

Department of Pathology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 144 rue Edouard Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif cedex, France.

In situ mantle cell neoplasia (ISMCN) is a rare entity of disputed clinical significance. We report an additional case, unusual by its presentation in the large intestine and its multifocal involvement of several nodal and extranodal sites. The diagnosis was made in a 46-year-old male patient from a surgical specimen resected for cecal adenocarcinoma. Read More

Virchows Arch 2021 Feb 24. Epub 2021 Feb 24.

Department of Pathology, AP-HP.5, University of Paris, Paris, France.

Micronodular thymic carcinoma with lymphoid hyperplasia (MNTCLH) is a rare form of thymic carcinoma. We present the experience of RYTHMIC, the French national network devoted to the treatment of thymic epithelial tumors through multidisciplinary tumor boards with a review of all tumors by pathologists for classification and staging. Six cases of MNTCLH were diagnosed during a review of 1007 thymic epithelial tumors. Read More

Am J Clin Pathol 2021 Feb 24. Epub 2021 Feb 24.

Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics Iowa City, IA, USA.

Objectives: Follicular helper T cell (TFH) markers are expressed in angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) and peripheral T-cell lymphoma of the TFH phenotype (PTCL-TFH). However, differential expression and coexpression of these markers in benign and other malignant lymphoid proliferations have not been well studied.

Methods: We performed programmed death-1 (PD-1), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13), inducible costimulator (ICOS), CD10, and B-cell lymphoma 6 protein (BCL-6) immunohistochemistry on AITL, PTCL not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS), PTCL-TFH, T-cell or histiocyte-rich large B-cell lymphoma (THRLBCL), classic Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL), atypical paracortical hyperplasia (PCH), progressive transformation of germinal centers (PTGC), and reactive follicular hyperplasia (RFH). Read More

Clin Lab 2021 Feb;67(2)

Background: Pulmonary hamartomas are the most common benign tumors of the lungs and can occur anywhere in the lungs, normal hyperplasia, congenital malformation, inflammatory changes, and tumorigenesis are hypothesized to underlie the pathogeny, but the definite etiology remains to be elucidated. Primary pulmonary lymphoma (PPL) refers to clonal lymphoid hyperplasia of one or both lungs in patients who have no detectable extrapulmonary lymphoma or bone marrow involvement at the time of diagnosis and during the subsequent 3 months. It is rare for both diseases to occur in the lungs of the same patient. Read More

Front Immunol 2020 1;11:598165. Epub 2021 Feb 1.

Academy of Medical Sciences and Department of Immunology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.

Background: The anti-inflammatory effect of an α7nAChR agonist, PNU-282987, has previously been explored in the context of inflammatory disease. However, the effects of PNU-282987 on type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s)-mediated allergic airway inflammation has not yet been established.

Aims: To determine the effects of PNU-282987 on the function of ILC2s in the context of IL-33- or (AA)- induced airway inflammation. Read More

Blood Rev 2021 Feb 6:100807. Epub 2021 Feb 6.

Department of Hematology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka 5418567, Japan. Electronic address:

A specific category termed immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD) exists in the 2016 revised WHO classification concerning lymphoid neoplasms. This category is defined by etiology and includes LPD developing in association with organ transplantation or immunosuppressive/immunomodulatory agents including methotrexate. The functional mechanism is chiefly explained by the autonomous proliferation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected lymphocytes induced by host-immune suppression. Read More

J Pediatr Surg Case Rep 2021 Mar 7;66:101779. Epub 2021 Jan 7.

General Surgery Department, Princess Basma Teaching Hospital, Jordan Ministry of Health, Irbid, Jordan.

The novel Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) first presented in Wuhan, China. The virus was able to spread throughout the world, causing a global health crisis. The virus spread widely in Jordan after a wedding party held in northern Jordan. Read More

Pathogens 2021 Jan 23;10(2). Epub 2021 Jan 23.

Veterinary Faculty, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece.

The objectives of this experimental work were the evaluation of the potential role of subsp. in diarrhoeic syndrome in lambs and the investigation of facets of the pathogenesis of the infection. In total, 12 lambs were challenged orally on the first day of life, with a subsp. Read More

Mod Rheumatol 2021 Mar 8:1-16. Epub 2021 Mar 8.

Working Group on the Rheumatoid Arthritis-associated Lymphoproliferative Disorders of the Japan College of Rheumatology.

Objective: To investigate clinical characteristics and time course of lymphoproliferative disorders (LPDs) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients after methotrexate (MTX) discontinuation, in those who achieved spontaneous regression (SR).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed clinical data from RA patients with LPDs obtained from eight institutions between 2000 and 2017 and compared clinical and pathological findings between SR and non-SR groups.

Results: Among 232 RA patients with LPDs, 216 were treated with MTX at the onset of LPD and 144 (66. Read More

J Cutan Pathol 2021 May 11;48(5):625-631. Epub 2021 Feb 11.

Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.

Background: Subcutaneous vaccination or desensitization may induce persistent nodules at the injection sites. Without the knowledge of prior injection, histopathological work-up may be challenging.

Objective: Aim of this study was to contribute to the histopathological work-up of unclear subcutaneous nodules, especially their differentiation from cutaneous lymphoma. Read More

J Vet Med Sci 2021 Mar 19;83(3):427-430. Epub 2021 Jan 19.

Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

The aim of this study was to reproduce severe pneumonic lesions, similar to those during naturally-occurring porcine respiratory disease complex, in pigs dually inoculated with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae at 6 weeks of age, followed by inoculation with porcine circovirus type 2 at two weeks after. Time and sequence of infection with three pathogens mirror Asian field conditions. Microscopically, interstitial pneumonia and peribronchiolar lymphoid hyperplasia are considered the most characteristic lung lesions in infected pigs. Read More

Cancers (Basel) 2021 Jan 16;13(2). Epub 2021 Jan 16.

Institute of Pathology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167 Mannheim, Germany.

Thymic hyperplasia (TH) with lymphoepithelial sialadenitis (LESA)-like features (LESA-like TH) has been described as a tumor-like, benign proliferation of thymic epithelial cells and lymphoid follicles. We aimed to determine the frequency of lymphoma and autoimmunity in LESA-like TH and performed retrospective analysis of cases with LESA-like TH and/or thymic MALT-lymphoma. Among 36 patients (21 males) with LESA-like TH (age 52 years, 32-80; lesion diameter 7. Read More

Contact Dermatitis 2021 Jan 13. Epub 2021 Jan 13.

Department of Dermatology, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.

Nat Immunol 2021 02 11;22(2):240-253. Epub 2021 Jan 11.

Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.

During the germinal center (GC) reaction, B cells undergo extensive redistribution of cohesin complex and three-dimensional reorganization of their genomes. Yet, the significance of cohesin and architectural programming in the humoral immune response is unknown. Herein we report that homozygous deletion of Smc3, encoding the cohesin ATPase subunit, abrogated GC formation, while, in marked contrast, Smc3 haploinsufficiency resulted in GC hyperplasia, skewing of GC polarity and impaired plasma cell (PC) differentiation. Read More

In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2021 Jan 7;57(1):42-52. Epub 2021 Jan 7.

Laboratorio de Inmunidad en Mucosas, Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida de los Barrios 1, Los Reyes Iztacala, 54090, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, Mexico.

The bioinsecticidal Cry1Ac proteins (protoxin and toxin) are potent immunogens that can activate macrophages by inducing upregulation of costimulatory molecules, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Besides, by the oral route, Cry1Ac toxin is mildly allergenic and induces intestinal lymphoid hyperplasia in mice. Given the potential utility of Cry1Ac protoxin as an adjuvant, as well as the human consumption of Cry1Ac toxin in transgenic crops, it is necessary to more deeply evaluate the toxicological potential of these proteins in mammalian immune cells. Read More

Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg 2021 01;27(1):43-49

Department of General Surgery, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul-Turkey.

Background: Acute appendicitis (AA) still maintains its prominence among general surgical emergencies, and the risk of developing AA is 8.6% for men and 6.7% for women. Read More

Cureus 2020 Nov 26;12(11):e11721. Epub 2020 Nov 26.

Paediatric Oncology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, PAK.

Intracranial germ cell tumors (GCTs) account for 3%-5% of all intracranial tumors. They commonly manifest during first two decades of life. We are reporting a case of a young female, who presented with progressive visual loss, polyuria and polydipsia, harboring an intracranial GCT. Read More