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Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2021 Apr 14;146(8):559-561. Epub 2021 Apr 14.

Therapy of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) should be based on biomarker test results in the palliative setting. To this end, testing of all patients in stage IV and in the future also in the earlier stages will be important. In a conference with the patronage of the German Cancer Society, the question of "reflex testing", i. Read More

Nanotechnology 2021 Apr 14. Epub 2021 Apr 14.

Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, 442000, CHINA.

This paper applied mesoporous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) of UiO-66 particles for pH-responsive doxorubicin (DOX) delivery and cancer treatment. Mesoporous structured UiO-66 MOFs were synthesized, and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) was loaded for sensitive pH response and also as a linker to encapsulate the chemotherapeutic drug of DOX. The composite of UiO-66/CMC@DOX was synthesized, and the loading capacity was as high as 45 mg DOX per gram of the carrier. Read More

J Thorac Oncol 2021 Apr 11. Epub 2021 Apr 11.

Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System; Division of Epidemiology, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.

Introduction: Because of widespread use, understanding the pulmonary effects of cannabis use is important but its role independent from tobacco smoking is yet to be elucidated. We used Mendelian randomization (MR) to assess the effect of genetic liability to lifetime cannabis use and cannabis use disorder on pulmonary function and lung cancer.

Methods: We used four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with lifetime cannabis use (p value <5x10) from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 184,765 individuals of European descent from the International Cannabis Consortium, 23andme and UK Biobank as instrumental variables. Read More

Chest 2021 Apr 11. Epub 2021 Apr 11.

Department of Pulmonary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA;. Electronic address:

Background: Evidence-based guidelines recommend management strategies for malignant pleural effusions (MPE) based on life expectancy. Existent risk-prediction rules do not provide precise individualized survival estimates.

Research Question: Can a newly developed continuous risk-prediction survival model for patients with MPE and known metastatic disease provide precise survival estimates?

Study Design And Methods: Single-center retrospective cohort study of patients with proven malignancy, pleural effusion, and known metastatic disease undergoing thoracentesis from 2014-2017. Read More

Cell Rep 2021 Apr 5:109020. Epub 2021 Apr 5.

Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.

COVID-19, caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, is a global health issue with more than 2 million fatalities to date. Viral replication is shaped by the cellular microenvironment, and one important factor to consider is oxygen tension, in which hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) regulates transcriptional responses to hypoxia. SARS-CoV-2 primarily infects cells of the respiratory tract, entering via its spike glycoprotein binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). Read More

Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2021 Apr 14. Epub 2021 Apr 14.

Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, GA Utrecht, The Netherlands.

: Predictive diagnostics play an increasingly important role in personalized medicine for cancer treatment. Whole genome sequencing (WGS) based treatment selection is expected to rapidly increase worldwide. This study aimed to calculate and compare the total cost of currently used diagnostic techniques and of WGS in treatment of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), melanoma, colorectal cancer (CRC) and gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) in the Netherlands. Read More

Asia Pac J Clin Oncol 2021 Apr 14. Epub 2021 Apr 14.

Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.

Background: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) remains a major disease with high morbidity and mortality. The Janus kinases (JAKs) play a significant part in cellular biological process, inflammation and immunity. The role of JAK family in LUAD is still ambiguous. Read More

Nucl Med Commun 2021 Apr 12. Epub 2021 Apr 12.

Department of Nuclear Medicine Department of Neurosurgery Department of Radiotherpay, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh Radipharmaceuticals Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India.

Aims: Bone-seeking radiopharmaceutical 177Lu-DOTMP with favorable pharmacokinetics in the preclinical studies has been evaluated for its role in reducing bone pain and improving quality of life (QOL) in patients with symptomatic skeletal metastases.

Method: Patients with painful widespread skeletal metastases documented on 99mTc-MDP bone scintigraphy were intravenously administered 37 MBq/kg of 177Lu-DOTMP. Visual analogue score (VAS), analgesic score, European Cooperative Group of Oncology (ECOG) and the European Organization of Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30 of all the patients were assessed at baseline and posttherapy follow-up. Read More

Am J Clin Oncol 2021 Apr 13. Epub 2021 Apr 13.

Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine and Maryland Proton Treatment Center, Baltimore, MD Oklahoma Proton Center, Oklahoma City, OK Procure Proton Therapy Center, Somerset, NJ Department of Radiation Oncology, Willis-Knighton Cancer Center, Shreveport, LA Northwestern Medicine Proton Center, Warrenville, IL Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ Department of Radiation Oncology, Scripps Health, San Diego, CA Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY Department of Radiation Oncology, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI.

Purpose: As patients with mediastinal lymphoma are typically young with curable disease, advanced radiation techniques such as proton therapy are often considered to minimize subacute and late toxicity. However, it is unclear which mediastinal lymphoma patients are treated with proton therapy. Within a prospective, multi-institutional proton registry, we characterized mediastinal lymphoma patients treated with proton therapy and assessed concordance with consensus recommendations published in 2018 by the International Lymphoma Radiation Oncology Group (ILROG). Read More

Endocr Relat Cancer 2021 Apr 1. Epub 2021 Apr 1.

S Prekovic, Division of Oncogenomics, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

Glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a key homeostatic regulator involved in governing immune response, neuro-integration, metabolism and lung function. In conjunction with its pivotal role in human biology, GR action is critically linked to pathology of various disease types, including cancer. While pharmacological activation of GR has been used for treatment of various liquid cancers, its role in solid cancers is less clearly defined and seems to be cancer-type dependent. Read More

AJR Am J Roentgenol 2021 Apr 14. Epub 2021 Apr 14.

Department of Radiology, Kariya Toyota General Hospital.

Acute exacerbation (AE) is a life-threatening complication of interstitial pneumonia (IP). Thoracic surgery may trigger AE. To explore the role of preoperative CT findings for predicting postoperative AE in patients with IP and lung cancer. Read More

JCO Clin Cancer Inform 2021 Apr;5:426-434

Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.

Purpose: Recent advances in structured reporting are providing an opportunity to enhance cancer imaging assessment to drive value-based care and improve patient safety.

Methods: The computer-assisted reporting and decision support (CAR/DS) framework has been developed to enable systematic ingestion of guidelines as clinical decision structured reporting tools embedded within the radiologist's workflow.

Results: CAR/DS tools can reduce the radiology reporting variability and increase compliance with clinical guidelines. Read More

Invest New Drugs 2021 Apr 14. Epub 2021 Apr 14.

Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA.

Background LY3022855 is a recombinant, immunoglobulin, human monoclonal antibody targeting the colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor. This phase 1 trial determined the safety, pharmacokinetics, and antitumor activity of LY3022855 in combination with durvalumab or tremelimumab in patients with advanced solid cancers who had received standard anti-cancer treatments. Methods In Part A (dose-escalation), patients received intravenous (IV) LY3022855 25/50/75/100 mg once weekly (QW) combined with durvalumab 750 mg once every two weeks (Q2W) IV or LY3022855 50 or 100 mg QW IV with tremelimumab 75/225/750 mg once every four weeks. Read More

Eur Radiol 2021 Apr 14. Epub 2021 Apr 14.

Department of Radiology, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, 1 Singil-ro, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul, 07441, Republic of Korea.

Objectives: 2-Deoxy-2-[F]fluoro-D-glucose ([F]FDG) positron-emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is widely used to evaluate lung nodules, although respiratory motion artefacts may occur. We investigated the value of prone position PET/CT (pPET/CT) in lung nodule evaluation compared with standard supine position PET/CT (sPET/CT).

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 28 consecutive patients (20 men; age, 65. Read More

Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021 Apr 14. Epub 2021 Apr 14.

Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.

Oscillatoxins (OTXs) and aplysiatoxins (ATXs) are biosynthetically related polyketides produced by marine cyanobacteria. We previously developed a synthetic route to phenolic O-methyl analogs of OTX-D and 30-methyl-OTX-D during collective synthesis of these natural products. According to our synthetic strategy, we achieved total synthesis of OTX-D, 30-methyl-OTX-D, OTX-E, and OTX-F by deprotecting the O-methyl group in an earlier intermediate, and determined their biological activities. Read More

Scand J Rheumatol 2021 Apr 14:1-5. Epub 2021 Apr 14.

Department of Rheumatology, The Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.

: Despite recent advances in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), few population-based studies have assessed the mortality rates and the underlying causes of death (UCDs) among patients with RA and RA-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD). This study evaluated the trends in mortality rates, demographic characteristics, and UCDs among patients with RA-ILD.: Using data from death certificates (1999-2018) from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Multiple Cause of Death files, we explored the trends in mortality rates and UCD for patients with RA and RA-ILD. Read More

Anal Chem 2021 Apr 14. Epub 2021 Apr 14.

College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Hebei Province, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.

Exosomes have become the most ideal analysis target for liquid biopsy since they carry a large amount of genetic materials. The study on exosomes has great significance for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. However, the extremely low concentration renders the development of a robust exosomes enrichment technique, with the merits of low nonspecific cell adhesion, high-capture efficiency, and easy nondestructive release of captured exosomes, of vital significance. Read More

Drugs Today (Barc) 2021 Apr;57(4):265-275

Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, New York, USA.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most devastating cancers with high mortality worldwide. By inhibiting the activity of specific molecular targets in the cancer cells, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have become a standard treatment in combating NSCLC. Tepotinib hydrochloride is an orally bioavailable, mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) TKI developed mainly for selected NSCLC patients with METex14 skipping mutations. Read More

Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2021 Apr-Jun;64(2):432-434

Department of Radiodiagnosis, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi, India.

Nanomedicine (Lond) 2021 Apr 14. Epub 2021 Apr 14.

Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy.

To investigate near infrared-induced phototoxicity toward lung cancer cells, and the biodegradability and effect on immune cells of glucose-derived carbon nanoparticles (CNPs). The human A549 lung adenocarcinoma cell line was used as a model to study the phototoxicity of CNPs. The biodegradability and the effect on immune cells was demonstrated in primary human neutrophils and macrophages. Read More

Semin Thromb Hemost 2021 Apr 13. Epub 2021 Apr 13.

Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco.

Platelets, as nonnucleated blood components, are classically recognized for their pivotal role in hemostasis. In recent years, however, accumulating evidence points to a nonhemostatic role for platelets, as active participants in the inflammatory and immune responses to microbial organisms in infectious diseases. This stems from the ability of activated platelets to secrete a plethora of immunomodulatory cytokines and chemokines, as well as directly interplaying with viral receptors. Read More

Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2021 Apr 14. Epub 2021 Apr 14.

Endocrinology Unit, IRCCS AOU San Martino, Genoa, Italy.

Immunotherapy, so promising in many neoplasms, still does not have a precise role in the treatment of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs). In this article, we provide an overview on the current knowledge about immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) applied to NENs, evaluating future perspectives in this setting of tumors.Evidence so far available for ICIs in gastroenteropancreatic (GEP)-NENs is definitively not as robust as for other tumors such as Small Cell Lung Cancer or Merkel Cell Carcinoma. Read More

Adv Radiat Oncol 2021 Mar-Apr;6(2):100653. Epub 2021 Jan 20.

Institute of Cancer Sciences, The University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.

Purpose: Thoracic reirradiation for non-small cell lung cancer with curative intent is potentially associated with severe toxicity. There are limited prospective data on the best method to deliver this treatment. We sought to develop expert consensus guidance on the safe practice of treating non-small cell lung cancer with radiation therapy in the setting of prior thoracic irradiation. Read More

Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs 2021 May-Jun;8(3):267-275. Epub 2021 Mar 9.

Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand.

Objective: Patients with lung cancer can experience various distressing symptoms. The present study aims to use symptom cluster management intervention based on symptom management theory to moderate the severity of symptom clusters, including fatigue, loss of appetite, and anxiety, in patients with lung cancer undergoing chemotherapy.

Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted using historical controls to assess and compare the effect of a novel symptom cluster management intervention on the severity of fatigue, loss of appetite, and anxiety in patients with lung cancer undergoing chemotherapy. Read More

Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs 2021 May-Jun;8(3):246-254. Epub 2021 Feb 4.

Department of Hospital Office, Hunan Cancer Hospital, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China.

Objective: The objective was to evaluate the effects of transcutaneous acupoint electric stimulation (TAES) and gastric electrical stimulation (GES) on cancer patients with chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms.

Methods: A total of 122 lung cancer patients receiving chemotherapy were assigned randomly to the following two groups: control group (usual care group, = 61) and intervention group (TAES plus GES, = 61). TAES involved two acupoints such as Neiguan (PC6) and Zusanli (ST36). Read More

Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs 2021 May-Jun;8(3):228-236. Epub 2021 Mar 12.

Division of Thoracic Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan.

Objective: Days spent at home (DASH) near the end of life is considered an important patient-centered goal and outcome because many patients want to stay at home toward the end of life. This study aimed to estimate the individual DASH near the end of life and identify its early predictors, including muscle mass and physical function, among elderly patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: We conducted a post hoc analysis of the prospective observational study (UMIN000009768) that recruited patients aged ≥ 70 years who were scheduled to undergo first-line chemotherapy because of advanced NSCLC. Read More

Ann Transl Med 2021 Mar;9(6):501

Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.

Background: Lung cancer has become the most common malignant tumor worldwide, with the highest rates of morbidity and mortality. The detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) can be simple, rapid, and minimally invasive, thus endowing them with a high value in the diagnosis of malignant tumors. We aimed to explore the correlation between CTCs in peripheral blood and benign or malignant solitary pulmonary nodules (SPNs). Read More

Ann Transl Med 2021 Mar;9(6):497

Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, China.

Background: Due to the variety of clinical presentation, some tumors may be concealed and easily misdiagnosed, leading to delays in management. We report a series of patients who initially presented to an Ophthalmic Clinic with ocular symptoms and were subsequently diagnosed with extraocular tumors.

Methods: Patients who presented to the ophthalmic outpatient clinic at the Joint Shantou International Eye Center with ocular symptoms between April 2013 and December 2019 and were subsequently diagnosed with intracranial or systemic tumors were reviewed retrospectively. Read More

Ann Transl Med 2021 Mar;9(6):493

Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.

Background: Approximately 30-70% percent of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) still relapse after receiving complete resection and even suffer distant metastasis. Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) have gradually replaced chemotherapy to become the first-line postoperative NSCLC treatment because they can effectively inhibit the postoperative recurrence of lung cancer. However, the clinical efficacy of neoadjuvant EGFR-TKIs in mutant NSCLC patients is still unclear. Read More

Ann Transl Med 2021 Mar;9(6):486

Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cancer Hospital of the University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China.

Background: Lung cancer ranks as the most prevalent solid cancer in the world. The non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) histological subtype accounts for the largest proportion of lung cancers. Even though neoadjuvant therapy has shown encouraging efficacy for resectable NSCLC, there is a lack of clinical data on the treatment of stage IIIA NSCLC patients. Read More