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Planta 2021 Apr 8;253(5):94. Epub 2021 Apr 8.

Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops and College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.

Main Conclusion: Using genome-wide SNP association mapping, a total of 77 and 7 loci were identified for rice bacterial blight and bacterial leaf streak resistance, respectively, which may facilitate rice resistance improvement. Bacterial blight (BB) and bacterial leaf streak (BLS) caused by Gram-negative bacteria Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) and X. Read More

Plant Dis 2021 Apr 2. Epub 2021 Apr 2.

Univeristy of Minnesota, Plant Pathology, 495 Borlaug Hall, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States, 55108;

Known by the indigenous peoples of the Great Lakes region of North America as Manoomin, wild rice () is a native aquatic grass that is honored and central to Anishinaabe culture. Cultivated wild rice, the domesticated form of this cereal bred primarily for resistance to shattering, is grown commercially in paddies. In this study we examined four isolates (CIX303, CIX306, Xt-8, and Xt-22) of , the causative agent of bacterial leaf streak (BLS) on cereals and weedy grasses, in molecular and host range studies to confirm the pathovar identity of strains associated with cultivated wild rice. Read More

Plant Dis 2021 Mar 29. Epub 2021 Mar 29.

Akita Prefectural University Faculty of Bioresource Sciences Department of Biological Production, 98407, Akita, Japan;

In March 2020, a bacterial streak and rot symptom was observed on the onion (Allium cepa L.) leaves in Akita Prefecture of Japan. On the beginning, oval and dark-greenish water-soaked lesions with grayish-white necrotic center, 2-3 mm in diameter, appeared on the middle or the tip of upper leaves. Read More

Pest Manag Sci 2021 Mar 25. Epub 2021 Mar 25.

Wageningen Research, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.

Background: Pseudocercospora fijiensis is the causal agent of the black leaf streak disease (BLSD) of banana. Bananas are important global export commodities and a major staple food. Their susceptibility to BLSD pushes disease management towards excessive fungicide use, largely relying on multisite inhibitors and sterol demethylation inhibitors (DMIs). Read More

Cogent Food Agric 2020 Jul 16;6(1):1789422. Epub 2020 Jul 16.

Laboratory of Plant Virology & West African Virus Epidemiology (WAVE-East DR Congo), Institut Facultaire des Sciences Agronomiques de Yangambi (IFA-Yangambi), Kisangani, BP 1232 Kisangani, DRC.

Cassava fields were prospected from two provinces of the Democratic Republic of Congo (Ituri and Haut Uélé) to evaluate the ampleness of Cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) infection. CBSD pressure was determined by assessing the incidence, severity, whitefly abundance and distribution of the disease viruses in the surveyed provinces. A duplex RT-PCR was performed for the simultaneous detection of Ugandan Cassava brown streak virus (UCBSV) and Cassava brown streak virus (CBSV) on 56 cassava leaves sampled in the study area. Read More

Arch Virol 2021 May 28;166(5):1409-1414. Epub 2021 Feb 28.

Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola (UFYMA), Avenida 11 de Septiembre 4755, X5014MGO, Córdoba, Argentina.

Common bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) showing different virus-like symptoms were collected in northwestern Argentina. Dot-blot hybridization tests showed that the begomoviruses bean golden mosaic virus and tomato yellow vein streak virus were the most prevalent, but they also revealed the presence of unknown begomoviruses. Read More

mBio 2021 02 23;12(1). Epub 2021 Feb 23.

University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Plant pathogens can adapt to quantitative resistance, eroding its effectiveness. The aim of this work was to reveal the genomic basis of adaptation to such a resistance in populations of the fungus , a major devastating pathogen of banana, by studying convergent adaptation on different cultivars. Samples from populations showing a local adaptation pattern on new banana hybrids with quantitative resistance were compared, based on a genome scan approach, with samples from traditional and more susceptible cultivars in Cuba and the Dominican Republic. Read More

Fungal Genet Biol 2021 Mar 28;148:103528. Epub 2021 Jan 28.

CIRAD, UMR PHIM, F-97130 Capesterre-Belle-Eau, Guadeloupe, France; PHIM Plant Health Institute, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Montpellier, France.

Among the emerging fungal diseases threatening food security, the Pseudocercospora fijiensis fungus causing black leaf streak disease of banana is one of the most marked examples of a recent worldwide pandemic on a major crop. We assessed how this pathogen spread throughout the latest invaded region, i.e. Read More

Mol Plant Pathol 2021 Apr 24;22(4):480-492. Epub 2021 Jan 24.

School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.

Xanthomonas oryzae pathovars oryzae (Xoo) and oryzicola (Xoc) infect rice, causing bacterial blight and bacterial leaf streak, respectively, which are two economically important bacterial diseases in paddy fields. The interactions of Xoo and Xoc with rice can be used as models for studying fundamental aspects of bacterial pathogenesis and host tissue specificity. However, an improved vector system for gene expression analysis is desired for Xoo and Xoc because some broad host range vectors that can replicate stably in X. Read More

Plant Dis 2021 Jan 18. Epub 2021 Jan 18.

Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Chinese Herbal Medicines , NO.253,College Road, Enshi, HuBei, China, 445000;

Pinellia ternata is a perennial herbaceous plant, which tubers can be used for anti-inflammatory and has a significant position in Traditional Chinese Medicine (Marki et al. 1987). In April 2020, bacterial stem blight first occurred on P. Read More

PLoS Pathog 2021 Jan 11;17(1):e1009175. Epub 2021 Jan 11.

Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America.

The zig-zag model of host-pathogen interaction describes the relative strength of defense response across a spectrum of pathogen-induced plant phenotypes. A stronger defense response results in increased resistance. Here, we investigate the strength of pathogen virulence during disease and place these findings in the context of the zig-zag model. Read More

Front Plant Sci 2020 18;11:590889. Epub 2020 Dec 18.

Virus and Vector Ecology Group, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Nuru is a deep learning object detection model for diagnosing plant diseases and pests developed as a public good by PlantVillage (Penn State University), FAO, IITA, CIMMYT, and others. It provides a simple, inexpensive and robust means of conducting in-field diagnosis without requiring an internet connection. Diagnostic tools that do not require the internet are critical for rural settings, especially in Africa where internet penetration is very low. Read More

Viruses 2020 12 4;12(12). Epub 2020 Dec 4.

Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.

Virus disease pandemics and epidemics that occur in the world's staple food crops pose a major threat to global food security, especially in developing countries with tropical or subtropical climates. Moreover, this threat is escalating rapidly due to increasing difficulties in controlling virus diseases as climate change accelerates and the need to feed the burgeoning global population escalates. One of the main causes of these pandemics and epidemics is the introduction to a new continent of food crops domesticated elsewhere, and their subsequent invasion by damaging virus diseases they never encountered before. Read More

Plants (Basel) 2020 Nov 29;9(12). Epub 2020 Nov 29.

National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), 113 Thailand Science Park, Pahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, PathumThani 12120, Thailand.

Bacterial leaf streak (BLS) caused by pv. () is one of the most devastating diseases in rice production areas, especially in humid tropical and subtropical zones throughout Asia and worldwide. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) analysis conducted on a collection of 236 diverse rice accessions, mainly varieties, identified 12 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9 and 11, conferring resistance to five representative isolates of Thai . Read More

Plant Dis 2020 Dec 1. Epub 2020 Dec 1.

IITA, Virus Vector Ecology Group, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, United Republic of;

Cassava plays a key role in assuring food security and generating income for smallholder farmers throughout central Africa, and particularly in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). This status is threatened, however, by cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) which has recently expanded its incidence and range in eastern DRC. The study described here, comprises the first extensive assessment of temporal change in occurrence of CBSD and its causal viruses in DRC, based on surveys conducted during 2016 and 2018. Read More

Phytopathology 2020 Nov 23. Epub 2020 Nov 23.

University of Minnesota, Plant Pathology, 495 Borlaug Hall1991 Upper Buford Circle, 1991 Buford Circle, St Paul, United States, 55108;

Bacterial leaf streak (BLS) of wheat, caused by pv. , has been a notable disease in Minnesota wheat fields over the past decade. Potential sources of the pathogen include infested seed and crop debris. Read More

Sci Rep 2020 11 10;10(1):19439. Epub 2020 Nov 10.

Fujian Key Laboratory of Crop Breeding by Design, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China.

Bacterial leaf steak (BLS) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (Xoc) is a devastating disease in rice production. The resistance to BLS in rice is a quantitatively inherited trait, of which the molecular mechanism is still unclear. Read More

GM Crops Food 2021 Jan;12(1):158-169

Donald Danforth Plant Science Center , St. Louis, MO, USA.

Compositional analysis is an important component of an integrated comparative approach to assessing the food and feed safety of new crops developed using biotechnology. As part of the safety assessment of cassava brown streak disease resistant 4046 cassava, a comprehensive assessment of proximates, minerals, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, anti-nutrients, and secondary metabolites was performed on leaf and storage root samples of 4046 cassava and its non-transgenic parental control, TME 204, collected from confined field trials in Kenya and Uganda over two successive cropping cycles. Among the 100 compositional components that were assessed in samples of 4046 and control TME 204 cassava roots (47 components) and leaves (53 components), there were no nutritionally relevant differences noted. Read More

J Gen Virol 2020 12 1;101(12):1305-1312. Epub 2020 Oct 1.

Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia 4072, Queensland, Australia.

The badnavirus replication cycle is poorly understood and most knowledge is based on extrapolations from model viruses such as (CaMV). However, in contrast to CaMV, badnaviruses are thought not to produce viroplasms and therefore it has been a mystery as to where virion assembly occurs. In this study, ultrathin sections of a banana leaf infected with a badnavirus, banana streak MY virus (BSMYV), were examined by transmission electron microscopy. Read More

Plant Dis 2020 Sep 29. Epub 2020 Sep 29.

National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Horticultural and Herbal Crop Environment Division, 100, Nongsaengmyeong-ro, Iseo-myeon, Wanju-gun, Jeollabuk-do, Korea (the Republic of), 565-852;

Plumcot is an interspecific hybrid product between Japanese plums () and apricots () obtained by the NIHHS, Korea in 1999 [1]. At the early of 2017, black spots-like symptoms were observed on plumcot fruits and leaves at cultivation areas in Naju (34.965595, 126. Read More

Plant Dis 2020 Nov 21;104(11):2921-2927. Epub 2020 Sep 21.

Instituto Agronômico do Paraná - IAPAR, Plant Protection Area, Londrina, PR, Brazil.

Bacterial leaf streak (BLS), caused pv. (), has become a major concern for maize production, mainly in the United States and South America. Therefore, this study aimed to establish a protocol for inoculation in young maize plants under controlled conditions and to develop and validate a diagrammatic scale for evaluation of maize hybrids in regard to BLS resistance. Read More

Virusdisease 2020 Sep 12;31(3):333-340. Epub 2020 Aug 12.

Division of Crop Protection, Indian Council of Agricultural Research - Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore, 641007 India.

Sugarcane streak mosaic virus (SCSMV) belonging to , is a causative virus of mosaic disease in sugarcane in many Asian countries with substantial genomic variation. Although the virus infects the crop with (SCMV) a , it predominates over SCMV in spread as well as titre. We have taken up detailed studies to identify the functional activity of viral suppressors of SCSMV genome. Read More

Plant Dis 2020 Sep 2. Epub 2020 Sep 2.

Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, National Engineering Research Center for Sugarcane, Fuzhou, Fujian, China;

In recent years, outbreaks of leaf scald have been reported in two chewing cane clones "Guangdong Huangpi" and "Taoshang Guozhe" in Zhejiang province, China. From May to July 2019, we collected 11 and 13 leaf or stalk samples from symptomatic "Guangdong Huangpi" from four farms in Wenling and "Taoshang Guozhe" clones from three farms in Ruian, Zhejiang province, respectively. Leaves in young plants exhibited white pencil-line streaks (Supplement Fig. Read More

Plant Dis 2020 Aug 25. Epub 2020 Aug 25.

Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, 89247, UFR Biosciences, WASCAL/CEA CCBAD, Abidjan, Lagunes, Côte d'Ivoire;

Sugarcane streak mosaic virus (SCSMV; Poaceavirus; Potiviridae) is the causal agent of streak mosaic disease of sugarcane (Saccharum interspecific hybrids), a major industrial crop that is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions for sugar and ethanol production. was first reported by Hall et al. (1998) from quarantined germplasm material exhibiting mosaic symptoms imported from Pakistan into the USA. Read More

Plants (Basel) 2020 Aug 13;9(8). Epub 2020 Aug 13.

Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.

Cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) caused by the (CBSV) and (UCBSV) is a threat to cassava production in Africa. The potential spread of CBSD into West Africa is a cause for concern, therefore screening for resistance in farmer-preferred genotypes is crucial for effective control and management. We multiplied a selection of eleven cassava cultivars grown by farmers in Ghana to test their response to a mixed infection of CBSV (TAZ-DES-01) and UCBSV (TAZ-DES-02) isolates using a stringent top-cleft graft inoculation method. Read More

Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2020 Oct 2;33(10):1189-1195. Epub 2020 Sep 2.

Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, U.S.A.

The locus in the heirloom rice variety Carolina Gold Select confers resistance to bacterial leaf streak and bacterial blight, caused by pv. and pv. , respectively. Read More

Plants (Basel) 2020 Jul 28;9(8). Epub 2020 Jul 28.

Molecular Plant Pathology Group, Agriculture Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research and Innovation Center, Szent-Gyorgyi A Street 4, 2100 Godollo, Hungary.

Millet is a dangerous weed in crop fields. A lack of seed dormancy helps it to spread easily and be present in maize, wheat, and other crop fields. Our previous report revealed the possibility that millet can also play a role as a virus reservoir. Read More

G3 (Bethesda) 2020 08 5;10(8):2819-2828. Epub 2020 Aug 5.

Dept. of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 and

Crops are hosts to numerous plant pathogenic microorganisms. Maize has several major disease issues; thus, breeding multiple disease resistant (MDR) varieties is critical. While the genetic basis of resistance to multiple fungal pathogens has been studied in maize, less is known about the relationship between fungal and bacterial resistance. Read More

Funct Integr Genomics 2020 Sep 21;20(5):681-693. Epub 2020 Jun 21.

Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education and Plant Immunity Centre, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.

Bacterial leaf streak (BLS) is now the fourth-most devastating disease in rice. Dular and H359 are two indica rice varieties with contrasting responses to BLS. Dular displays high resistance, while H359 is susceptible. Read More

Sci Rep 2020 06 12;10(1):9540. Epub 2020 Jun 12.

Department of Plant Pathology and Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America.

RNA viruses exist as populations of genome variants. Virus-infected plants accumulate 21-24 nucleotide small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) derived from viral RNA (virus-derived siRNAs) through gene silencing. This paper describes the profile of mutations in virus-derived siRNAs for three members of the family Potyviridae: Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV), Papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) and Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV). Read More