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J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021 Apr 16. Epub 2021 Apr 16.

Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.

This study compared ensiled sorghum (ES) from two varieties (first and second cuts) with corn silage (CS) for chemical analysis, total-tract nutrient digestibility, ruminal variables and blood biochemistry metabolites in sheep. Five experimental silages representing first cut ES var. Pegah (PS1), second cut ES var. Read More

J Anim Sci 2021 Apr 17. Epub 2021 Apr 17.

Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria.

Dietary and microbially derived fatty acids (FA) play important roles in gut mucosal inflammatory signaling, barrier function and oxidative stress response. Nevertheless, little information is available about gastrointestinal FA profiles and receptor distribution in pigs, especially for long-chain FA (LCFA). Therefore, the present pilot study aimed to 1) investigate the gastrointestinal FA profiles; 2) link the luminal FA profiles to the mucosal expression of genes related to FA sensing and signaling; and 3) assess potential dietary effects on gut and systemic lipid metabolism in pigs. Read More

Neuromuscul Disord 2021 Mar 3. Epub 2021 Mar 3.

Research Institute of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases and Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, No. 107 West Wenhua Road Jinan, Jinan, Shandong 250012 China; Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266035 China; Mitochondrial Medicine Laboratory, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266035 China; Brain Science Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China. Electronic address:

Both mitochondrial and nuclear gene mutations can cause cytochrome c oxidase (COX, complex Ⅳ) dysfunction, leading to mitochondrial diseases. Although numerous diseases caused by defects of the COX subunits or COX assembly factors have been documented, clinical cases directly related to mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 3 gene (MT-CO3) mutations are relatively rare. Here, we report a 47-year-old female patient presented with mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) syndrome. Read More

Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2021 Apr 16. Epub 2021 Apr 16.

Department of Maternal & Child Health, Gynecology and Urology, Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy.

: Following a historical overview, the effect of different contraceptive methods on vaginal microbiome has been reviewed and summarized.: Effects of: combined hormonal contraceptives (oral or vaginal) and of progestin only (injectable and implantable), intrauterine devices/systems (copper- or levonorgestrel-releasing), on vaginal microbiome. In addition, mention is made of vaginal rings releasing antiviral drugs and lactic acid. Read More

Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021 Apr 13. Epub 2021 Apr 13.

Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy University of Muenster Corrensstr.4848149 Muenster, Germany. Electronic address:

Poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid) and poly(DL-lactic acid) are widely used for the preparation of nanoparticles due to favorable characteristics for medical use like biodegradability and controllable degradation behavior. The contact with different media like human plasma or serum leads to the formation of a protein corona that determines the NP's in vivo processing. In this study, the impact of surface end group identity, matrix polymer hydrophobicity, molecular weight, and incubation medium on the protein corona composition was evaluated. Read More

Eur J Pharm Sci 2021 Apr 13:105852. Epub 2021 Apr 13.

Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG. 31270-901, Brazil. Electronic address:

Biodegradable polymeric nanofibers containing mometasone furoate can be a new approach to drug delivery to treat chronic rhinosinusitis, providing controlled steroid delivery to the sinonasal mucosa. This study aimed to develop biodegradable polymeric nanofibers and explore the safety of these fibers in an in vivo rabbit model. The nanofibers' development has been optimized using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) obtained with Design of Experiments (DoE) with the best conditions related to the polymer concentration and proportion of solvents used in the electrospinning process. Read More

Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021 Apr 13:109040. Epub 2021 Apr 13.

College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China. Electronic address:

Deltamethrin (Del), a commonly used broad-spectrum insecticide, has been reported to have a toxic effect on aquatic animals, but knowledge in freshwater prawns is limited. This study revealed that Del is highly toxic to Macrobrachium nipponens with the 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 96 h LC values to be 0.268, 0. Read More

Arch Microbiol 2021 Apr 16. Epub 2021 Apr 16.

Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, People's Republic of China.

The forest musk deer, Moschus berezovskii, is a nationally protected species of economic importance in China. However, in captive breeding programmes, they usually die as a result of diarrhoea. In this study, six M. Read More

Biomed Res Int 2021 23;2021:6692328. Epub 2021 Mar 23.

School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China.

To investigate the effects of ficin on biofilm formation of conditionally cariogenic (). Biomass and metabolic activity of biofilm were assessed using crystal violet assay, colony-forming unit (CFU) counting, and MTT assay. Extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) synthesis was displayed by SEM imaging, bacteria/EPS staining, and anthrone method while acid production was revealed by lactic acid assay. Read More

Front Oncol 2021 30;11:632364. Epub 2021 Mar 30.

Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.

Immunotherapy is a curable treatment for certain cancers, but it is still only effective in a small subset of patients, partly because of the lack of sufficient immune cells in the tumor. It is reported that targeted lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) to reduce lactic acid production can promote the infiltration and activity of immune cells and turn tumors into hot tumors. Therefore, we constructed a humanized mouse model to evaluate the efficacy of using classical LDH inhibitor oxamate and pembrolizumab alone or in combination in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Read More

HIV AIDS (Auckl) 2021 8;13:399-413. Epub 2021 Apr 8.

Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.

Purpose: To formulate and evaluate microspheres of the antiretroviral drugs maraviroc and tenofovir intended for a candidate vaginal microbicide and assess its effect on the vaginal lactic acid bacteria microflora.

Methods: Ionic gelation technique was used to formulate maraviroc and tenofovir microspheres with subsequent characterization. The effect of varying concentrations of the polymer, crosslinking agent and the curing time on the outcome variables viz: particle size, mucoadhesion and encapsulation efficiency were investigated. Read More

Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021 Apr 15. Epub 2021 Apr 15.

Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Centre for Pharmaceutical Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.

Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) is a common serious complication of stroke after thrombolysis treatment, which limits the clinical use of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA). Since early diagnosis and treatment for HT is important to improve the prognosis of stroke patients, it is urgent to discover the potential biomarkers and therapeutic drugs. Recent evidence shows that pinocembrin, a natural flavonoid compound, exerts anti-cerebral ischemia effect and expands the time window of t-PA. Read More

Sci Rep 2021 Apr 15;11(1):8221. Epub 2021 Apr 15.

Aquaculture and Fisheries Group, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands.

Sustainable aquafeed production requires fishmeal replacement, leading to an increasing use of plant-derived ingredients. As a consequence, higher levels of antinutritional substances, such as non-starch polysaccharides and phytate, are present in aquafeeds, with negative effects on fish performance, nutrient digestibility and overall gut health. To alleviate these negative effects, providing exogenous digestive enzymes and/or probiotics can be an effective solution. Read More

Fish Shellfish Immunol 2021 Apr 12. Epub 2021 Apr 12.

ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai, 400061, India. Electronic address:

Immunoglobulin (IgM) is the primary immunoglobulin essential for defense mechanisms in fish. It is difficult to reliably quantify IgM because a lack of standardization in methodology and limited availability of commercially reagents. In the present study, a polyclonal antibody was developed for the specific detection and quantification of IgM in Labeo rohita. Read More

FEMS Yeast Res 2021 Apr 15. Epub 2021 Apr 15.

National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Road, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand.

D-lactic acid is a chiral three-carbon organic acid that can improve the thermostability of polylactic acid. Here, we systematically engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae to produce D-lactic acid from glucose, a renewable carbon source, at near theoretical yield. Specifically, we screened D-lactate dehydrogenase (DLDH) variants from lactic acid bacteria in three different genera and identified the Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides variant (LpDLDH) as having the highest activity in yeast. Read More

J Inherit Metab Dis 2021 Apr 14. Epub 2021 Apr 14.

Children's Medical Center Research Institute, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.

Glutamyl-tRNA synthetase 2 (encoded by EARS2) is a mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase required to translate the 13 subunits of the electron transport chain encoded by the mitochondrial DNA. Pathogenic EARS2 variants cause combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency, subtype 12 (COXPD12), an autosomal recessive disorder involving lactic acidosis, intellectual disability and other features of mitochondrial compromise. Patients with EARS2 deficiency present with variable phenotypes ranging from neonatal lethality to a mitigated disease with clinical improvement in early childhood. Read More

Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2021 Apr 15. Epub 2021 Apr 15.

DWI Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, 52074, Aachen, Germany.

In this study, the potential of certain lactic acid bacteria-classified as probiotics and known to be antimicrobially active against pathogens or food-poisoning microorganisms-was evaluated with respect to their activity against bacterial skin pathogens. The aim of the study was to develop a plaster/bandage for the application of inhibitory substances produced by these probiotics when applied to diseased skin. For this purpose, two Streptococcus salivarius strains and one Lactobacillus plantarum were tested for production of antimicrobials (bacteriocin-like substances) active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens using established methods. Read More

Acta Chim Slov 2020 Jun;67(2):651-665

Non-isothermal thermogravimetry in an inert atmosphere was used to investigate the thermal stability of poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL), polylactide (PLA), thermoplastic starch (TPS) and their binary (PCL/PLA,PCL/TPS andPLA/TPS) and ternary (PCL/PLA/TPS) blends. All investigated blends were prepared by Brabender kneading chamber. A two-stage degradation pattern is seen in the case ofPCL, whilePLAexhibits only single stage degradation. Read More

Adv Sci (Weinh) 2021 Apr 18;8(7):2004213. Epub 2021 Feb 18.

Sorbonne Université CNRS, UMR 7574, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris Paris F-75005 France.

Associating collagen with biodegradable hydrophobic polyesters constitutes a promising method for the design of medicated biomaterials. Current collagen-polyester composite hydrogels consisting of pre-formed polymeric particles encapsulated within a low concentrated collagen hydrogel suffer from poor physical properties and low drug loading. Herein, an amphiphilic composite platform associating dense collagen hydrogels and up to 50 wt% polyesters with different hydrophobicity and chain length is developed. Read More

PeerJ 2021 10;9:e11079. Epub 2021 Mar 10.

Department of Genetics, Ecology, and Evolution, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Background: is the dominant species in the vaginal microbiota associated with health and considered a homeostasis biomarker. Interestingly, some strains are even used as probiotics. However, the genetic mechanisms of involved in the control of the vaginal microbiome and protection against bacterial vaginosis (BV) are not entirely known. Read More

Front Immunol 2021 29;12:630380. Epub 2021 Mar 29.

Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.

Activation of the Nod-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is important for activation of innate immune responses, but improper and excessive activation can cause inflammatory disease. We previously showed that glycolysis, a metabolic pathway that converts glucose into pyruvate, is essential for NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages. Here, we investigated the role of metabolic pathways downstream glycolysis - lactic acid fermentation and pyruvate oxidation-in activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Read More

J Food Prot 2021 Apr 14. Epub 2021 Apr 14.

University of Georgia Center for Food Safety 1109 Experiment St. UNITED STATES Griffin GA 30223-1797.

Survival and growth of Salmonella and Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in kombucha prepared from four brands of commercially available kombucha kits intended for use by home brewers were investigated. Changes in microbiota responsible for fermentation were also determined. An initial population of Salmonella (6. Read More

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021 Apr 14. Epub 2021 Apr 14.

School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum is frequently exposed to salt stress during industrial applications. Catabolite control protein (CcpA) controls the transcription of many genes, but its role in the response to salt stress remains unclear. In this study, we used transcriptome analyses to investigate differences in the logarithmic growth phases of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ST-III and its ccpA-knockout mutant when grown with or without salt and glycine betaine (GB). Read More

Ann Transl Med 2021 Mar;9(6):481

Department of Intensive Care Unit, Hebei Medical University, Fourth Affiliated Hospital and Hebei Provincial Tumor Hospital, Shijiazhuang, China.

Background: This study sought to compare the therapeutic effects of angiotensin II (ANG II) and norepinephrine (NE) on cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced septic acute kidney injury (AKI) in rats.

Methods: Sepsis shock was induced in anesthesia Sprague-Dawley male rats by CLP model for 24 hours. A total of 40 rats were divided into five groups, including control group, sham group, CLP group, CLP + ANG II group, and CLP + NE group. Read More

PeerJ 2021 30;9:e10957. Epub 2021 Mar 30.

Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Science, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Kuyavian-Pomeranian, Poland.

Background: The aim of this study was to verify whether the presence of strains and of miscanthus influence biodegradation and formed of biofilm of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET).

Methods: The experiment conducted in compost soil showed that strains and isolated from heavy metal contaminated environment have biochemical activity and accelerate biodegradation of both plastic materials.

Results: For PLA film it was found that the carbonyl index dropped by over 15% in the presence of , while the film tensile strength decreased by 35% and the oxygen to carbon O/C ratio was higher by 3% in the presence of , and the presence of miscanthus resulted in a loss of weight. Read More

Sci Rep 2021 Apr 13;11(1):8088. Epub 2021 Apr 13.

Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Harvard Medical School, 16th Street Building (114-3503), Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.

An excessive intestinal inflammatory response may have a role in the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in very preterm infants. Indole-3-lactic acid (ILA) of breastmilk tryptophan was identified as the anti-inflammatory metabolite involved in probiotic conditioned media from Bifidobacteria longum subsp infantis. This study aimed to explore the molecular endocytic pathways involved in the protective ILA effect against inflammation. Read More

J Nanobiotechnology 2021 Apr 13;19(1):104. Epub 2021 Apr 13.

School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.

Background: The ubiquitous nature of bacterial biofilms combined with the enhanced resistance towards antimicrobials has led to the development of an increasing number of strategies for biofilm eradication. Such strategies must take into account the existence of extracellular polymeric substances, which obstruct the diffusion of antibiofilm agents and assists in the maintenance of a well-defended microbial community. Within this context, nanoparticles have been studied for their drug delivery efficacy and easily customised surface. Read More

Mol Med 2021 Apr 13;27(1):38. Epub 2021 Apr 13.

Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.

Background: Gemcitabine (GEM) resistance remains a significant clinical challenge in pancreatic cancer treatment. Here, we investigated the therapeutic utility of everolimus (Evr), an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), in targeting the Warburg effect to overcome GEM resistance in pancreatic cancer.

Methods: The effect of Evr and/or mTOR overexpression or GEM on cell viability, migration, apoptosis, and glucose metabolism (Warburg effect) was evaluated in GEM-sensitive (GEM) and GEM-resistant (GEM) pancreatic cancer cells. Read More

Ther Deliv 2021 Apr 14. Epub 2021 Apr 14.

Department of Pharmaceutics & Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.

The aim of this study was to design and formulate mixed polymer-lipid nanoparticles (PLNs) for the delivery of ibuprofen. The mixed PLNs were prepared by a single modified emulsification solvent evaporation method. Core-shell-shaped mixed PLNs were successfully prepared, with sizes in the nano range (193. Read More

Nurs Crit Care 2021 Apr 13. Epub 2021 Apr 13.

Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, Spain.

Background: The measurement of blood glucose in critically ill patients is still performed in many ICUs with glucose meters and capillary samples. Several prevalent factors in these patients affect the accuracy of the results and should be interpreted with caution. A weak recommendation from the Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) suggests the use of arterial blood rather than capillary blood for point of care testing using glucose meters. Read More