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Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2021 Apr 15. Epub 2021 Apr 15.

Servicio de Microbiología. Complejo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña, La Coruña. Spain. Electronic address:

Introduction: Here, we propose a novel modified Carba NP test for detecting KPC-producing Enterobacterales using imipenem/relebactam.

Material And Methods: The test performance was evaluated in a random selection of 160 previously molecularly characterized clinical isolates carrying the 110 bla, 1 bla, 12 bla, 4 bla, 3 bla and 42 bla genes. The proposed method relies on the detection of imipenem hydrolysis in an imipenem/relebactam antibiotic solution and subsequent visual interpretation by color change. Read More

Eur J Med Chem 2021 Apr 2;219:113418. Epub 2021 Apr 2.

Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, LabEx LERMIT, UPR 2301, Gif-sur-Yvette, France. Electronic address:

The occurrence of resistances in Gram negative bacteria is steadily increasing to reach extremely worrying levels and one of the main causes of resistance is the massive spread of very efficient β-lactamases which render most β-lactam antibiotics useless. Herein, we report the development of a series of imino-analogues of β-lactams (namely azetidinimines) as efficient non-covalent inhibitors of β-lactamases. Despite the structural and mechanistic differences between serine-β-lactamases KPC-2 and OXA-48 and metallo-β-lactamase NDM-1, all three enzymes can be inhibited at a submicromolar level by compound 7dfm, which can also repotentiate imipenem against a resistant strain of Escherichia coli expressing NDM-1. Read More

Euro Surveill 2021 Apr;26(15)

Swiss Centre for Antibiotic Resistance (ANRESIS), Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.

IntroductionIn contrast to countries where carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) are endemic, only sporadic cases were reported in Switzerland until 2013. An aggravation of the epidemiological situation in neighbouring European countries indicated the need for a surveillance study in Switzerland.AimWe aimed to describe CPE distributions in Switzerland and identify epidemiological factors associated with changes in incidence. Read More

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2021 Apr 16:1-25. Epub 2021 Apr 16.

Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Policlinico Sant'Orsola, Bologna, Italy.

Objectives: To assess the incidence of colonization and infection with carbapenemase producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) and carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CR-Ab) in the ICUs of our city hospitals before and during COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: Multicentre before-after cross sectional study to compare the rates of colonization and infection with CPE and/or CR-Ab in two study periods, period 1 (Jan-Apr 2019) and period 2 (Jan-Apr 2020). Incidence rate ratios (IRR) and 95% CI of weekly colonization and infection rates for each period were compared for the two study periods with Poisson regression. Read More

Infect Drug Resist 2021 6;14:1325-1333. Epub 2021 Apr 6.

Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, People's Republic of China.

Purpose: Antimicrobial resistance, especially carbapenem resistance Enterobacteriaceae and plasmid mediated mobile colistin resistance, is a serious issue worldwide. This study was designed to determine the epidemiological characteristics of plasmid mediated colistin resistance and carbapenem resistant Enterobacteriaceae from tertiary A hospital located in Hefei, China.

Methods: Totally, 158 carbapenems resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) were screened for antibiotic susceptibility, , extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs), metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs), and fosfomycin resistance genes using PCR and sequencing. Read More

Lett Appl Microbiol 2021 Apr 12. Epub 2021 Apr 12.

Department of Pathology, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Espírito Santo, Brazil.

Infections caused by KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp-KPC) are associated with high mortality rates due to the increased number of resistant isolates and the scarcity of therapeutic options. This scenario reinforces the urgent need for new chemotherapeutics. Herein, we investigated the effects of 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione (phendione) and its metal-based complexes, [Cu(phendione) ](ClO ) . Read More

Front Med (Lausanne) 2021 26;8:615540. Epub 2021 Mar 26.

Department of Microbiology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.

Carbapenemase-producing infections are an increasing global threat with scarce and uncertain treatment options. In this context, combination therapies are often used for these infections. The bactericidal and synergistic activity of fosfomycin plus amikacin and gentamicin was studied trough time-kill assays against four clonally unrelated clinical isolates of carbapenemase-producing , VIM-1, VIM-1 plus DHA-1, OXA-48 plus CTXM-15, and KPC-3, respectively. Read More

Front Microbiol 2021 25;12:611274. Epub 2021 Mar 25.

Laboratorio de Infectología, Microbiología e Inmunología Clínicas, Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.

Nosocomial infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) are a major health problem worldwide. The aim of this study was to describe NDM-1-producing strains causing bacteremia in a tertiary referral hospital in Mexico. MDR isolates were screened by polymerase chain reaction for the presence of resistance genes. Read More

Mar Pollut Bull 2021 Apr 8;167:112334. Epub 2021 Apr 8.

Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. Electronic address:

The co-occurrence of mcr-like and carbapenemase-encoding genes have been reported mainly in humans and animals, whereas, in the environment, studies are gradually increasing due to the One Health approach. In this study, we investigated antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in water and sand samples from marine environments in Brazil. Total DNA from 56 samples (33 sands and 23 waters) was obtained and 27 different ARGs were detected, highlighting the presence of mcr-9, bla and cfr genes. Read More

BMC Microbiol 2021 Apr 9;21(1):107. Epub 2021 Apr 9.

Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Clinical Laboratories, Centro Médico San Joaquín, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 3rd floor, Vicuña Mackenna, 4686, Santiago, Chile.

Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae is the most frequent KPC-producing bacteria. The bla gene is frequently embedded in Tn4401 transposon, and less frequently in non-Tn4401 elements (NTE) variants I-III. The first case of KPC in the UC-CHRISTUS Clinical Hospital was detected in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Read More

J Clin Microbiol 2021 Apr 7. Epub 2021 Apr 7.

Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

Understanding bacterial species at highest risk for harboring genes is necessary to guide antibiotic treatment. We identified the species-specific prevalence of genes in clinical isolates from the United States. 24 microbiology laboratories representing 66 hospitals using the GenMark Dx ePlex® Blood Culture Identification Gram-Negative (BCID-GN) Panel extracted blood culture results from April 2019 to July 2020. Read More

Pol J Microbiol 2021 Mar 19;70(1):107-116. Epub 2021 Mar 19.

Department of Molecular Medical Microbiology, Chair of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.

Carbapenem-resistant (CRKP) is an important bacterium of nosocomial infections. In this study, CRKP strains, which were mainly isolated from fecal samples of 14 patients in three wards of the hospital in the Silesia Voivodship, rapidly increased from February to August 2018. Therefore, we conducted microbiological and molecular studies of the CRKP isolates analyzed. Read More

Front Microbiol 2021 17;12:635016. Epub 2021 Mar 17.

Health Sciences Division, Abu Dhabi Women's College, Higher Colleges of Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.

Antibiotic-adjuvant combinatory therapy serves as a viable treatment option in addressing antibiotic resistance in the clinical setting. This study was carried out to assess and characterize the adjuvant potential and mode of action of linalool against carbapenemase-producing (KPC-KP). Linalool exhibited bactericidal activity alone (11,250 μg/ml) and in combination with meropenem (5,625 μg/ml). Read More

Pathogens 2021 Mar 12;10(3). Epub 2021 Mar 12.

Albert Einstein Research and Education Institute, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo 05652-900, Brazil.

carbapenemase (KPC) actively hydrolyzes carbapenems, antibiotics often used a last-line treatment for multidrug-resistant bacteria. KPC clinical relevance resides in its widespread dissemination. In this work, we report the genomic context of KPC coding genes , and in multidrug-resistant isolates from Brazil. Read More

Plants (Basel) 2021 Mar 1;10(3). Epub 2021 Mar 1.

Laboratory for Organic Reactivity, Discovery and Synthesis (LORDS), Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, España Blvd., Manila 1015, Philippines.

(Roxb. ex G.Don) J. Read More

Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021 Mar 3;18(5). Epub 2021 Mar 3.

Department of Translational Research, New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.

Failure in the reprocessing of thermolabile flexible endoscopes has been reported as one of the most important threats to patient health. A case report and observational study was conducted, from August 2014 to December 2019, in the Digestive Endoscopy Unit of a University Hospital in Italy, where two cases of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase ()-producing infections in patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography were observed. Following the risk/safety management practices, an epidemiological investigation was started, duodenoscopes were removed from use and the reprocessing practices reviewed. Read More

Microorganisms 2021 Mar 11;9(3). Epub 2021 Mar 11.

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Av. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are significant reservoirs of bacterial resistance. This work aims to identify the determinants of resistance produced by Gram-negative bacteria in the influent and effluent of two WWTPs in Portugal. A total of 96 wastewater samples were obtained between 2016 and 2019. Read More

Microb Drug Resist 2021 Mar 31. Epub 2021 Mar 31.

Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Gumushane University, Gümüşhane, Turkey.

The aim of this study was to identify antimicrobial resistance genes, virulence factor genes, and porin loss or mutations exhibited by the multidrug-resistant strain. Whole-genome sequencing was done via the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform. Strain identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing of strains were performed by the Vitek 2 automated system. Read More

J Clin Microbiol 2021 Mar 31. Epub 2021 Mar 31.

Sorbonne Université APHP.6, GRC 29, DMU DREAM, Hôpital Tenon, Département d'Anesthésie-Réanimation et Médecine Périopératoire, Paris, France

The increasing incidence of Carbapenemase-Producing Gram-Negative Bacilli (C-PGNB) represents a major public health challenge. Rapid detection of the digestive colonization with C-PGNB is fundamental to control their spread. Validation of a rapid protocol for C-PGNB detection directly on rectal swabs. Read More

J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2021 Mar 28. Epub 2021 Mar 28.

Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil. Electronic address:

Background: The KPC carbapenemase is worldwide disseminated mostly by plasmids. However, in Pseudomonas aeruginosa chromosomal mutations have been more frequently responsible for resistance to carbapenems than the acquisition of mobile elements harboring carbapenemases genes. Indeed, although uncommon, KPC-2-producing P. Read More

Int J Antimicrob Agents 2021 Mar 28:106330. Epub 2021 Mar 28.

Department of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Aichi Medical University, Japan. Electronic address:

Background: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) are serious public health threats and limited options exist to treat these conditions. Nacubactam is a novel non-β-lactam diazabicyclooctane β-lactamase inhibitor with in vitro activity against some Enterobacterales expressing classes of β-lactamases.

Methods: We assessed the in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial efficacy of meropenem, cefepime, and aztreonam in combination with nacubactam, against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli. Read More

Front Microbiol 2021 4;12:618087. Epub 2021 Mar 4.

Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.

Ceftazidime/avibactam is an important treatment option for infections caused by carbapenemase-producing (KPC-Kp), however, resistance can emerge during treatment. The objective of the study was to define the ceftazidime/avibactam concentrations required to suppress bacterial regrowth in ceftazidime/avibactam susceptible isolates and identify active therapies against ceftazidime/avibactam-resistant KPC-Kp. Time-kill assays were performed against twelve ST258 KPC-Kp isolates that harbored or . Read More

J Clin Microbiol 2021 Mar 24. Epub 2021 Mar 24.

Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Detection of carbapenem-resistant (CRPA) with carbapenamase-producing (CP) genes is critical for preventing transmission. Our objective was to assess whether certain antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) profiles can efficiently identify CP-CRPA. We defined CRPA as with imipenem or meropenem MICs of ≥8μg/ml; CP-CRPA were CRPA with CP genes (///). Read More

J Antimicrob Chemother 2021 Mar 24. Epub 2021 Mar 24.

Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare-Associated Infections Reference Unit, Public Health England, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW9 5EQ, UK.

Background: Triple-action diazabicyclooctanes, e.g. zidebactam, combine β-lactamase inhibition, antibacterial activity, and 'enhancement' of PBP3-targeted β-lactams. Read More

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2021 Mar 22:1-7. Epub 2021 Mar 22.

Department of Medicine, Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, Texas.

Objectives: No-touch disinfection systems like xenon- or mercury-based ultraviolet (UV) are now commonly being used for hospital room disinfection. However, serial exposure to UV light can potentially lead to the development of bacterial resistance. We sought to determine whether UV resistance develops due to serial exposure to UV light using 3 epidemiologically important multidrug-resistant microbial strains. Read More

Emerg Microbes Infect 2021 Dec;10(1):700-709

Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.

Bloodstream infections (BSIs) caused by carbapenem-resistant (CRKP) are potentially life-threatening and an urgent threat to public health. The present study aims to clarify the characteristics of carbapenemase-encoding and virulent plasmids, and their interactions with the host bacterium. A total of 425 isolates were collected from the blood of BSI patients from nine Chinese hospitals, between 2005 and 2019. Read More

PeerJ 2021 9;9:e11000. Epub 2021 Mar 9.

Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Utrecht, The Netherlands.

Genome sequences provide information on the genetic elements present in an organism, and currently there are databases containing hundreds of thousands of bacterial genome sequences. These repositories allow for mining patterns concerning antibiotic resistance gene occurrence in both pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria in e.g. Read More

PLoS One 2021 17;16(3):e0248614. Epub 2021 Mar 17.

Hospital Universitario Dr. José E. González, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.

Aim: This report presents phenotypic and genetic data on the prevalence and characteristics of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) and representative carbapenemases-producing Gram-negative species in Mexico.

Material And Methods: A total of 52 centers participated, 43 hospital-based laboratories and 9 external laboratories. The distribution of antimicrobial resistance data for Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae complex, Acinetobacter baumannii complex, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in selected clinical specimens from January 1 to March 31, 2020 was analyzed using the WHONET 5. Read More

ACS Infect Dis 2021 04 16;7(4):826-837. Epub 2021 Mar 16.

Research Service, Louis Stokes Cleveland VAMC Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States.

complex (Bcc) poses a serious health threat to people with cystic fibrosis or compromised immune systems. Infections often arise from Bcc strains, which are highly resistant to many classes of antibiotics, including β-lactams. β-Lactam resistance in Bcc is conferred largely via PenA-like β-lactamases. Read More

Int J Antimicrob Agents 2021 Mar 11:106318. Epub 2021 Mar 11.

Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare Associated Infections Reference Unit, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, UK; Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK. Electronic address:

Objectives: Piperacillin/tazobactam has long been a broad-spectrum 'workhorse' antibiotic; however, it is compromised by resistance. One response is to re-partner tazobactam with cefepime, which is easier to protect, being less β-lactamase labile, and to use a high-dose and prolonged infusion. On this basis, Wockhardt are developing cefepime/tazobactam (WCK 4282) as a 2+2 g q8h combination with a 90-min infusion. Read More