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Emotion 2020 Jun 29. Epub 2020 Jun 29.

Department of Psychology.

The ability to recognize how another is feeling is a critical skill, with profound implications for social adaptation. Training programs designed to improve social functioning typically attempt to direct attention toward or away from certain facial configurations, or to improve discrimination between emotions by categorizing faces. However, emotion recognition involves processes in addition to attentional orienting or categorical labeling. Read More

Cancer Nurs 2014 Sep-Oct;37(5):E23-31

Author Affiliations: School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Dundee, Scotland (Drs McCann and Kearney), and Department of Neurobiology, Care Science, and Society, Division of Nursing, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden (Dr Wengström).

Background: Survivors of childhood cancer will, at some stage, move from pediatric to adult care and/or to a different model of care to continue to receive long-term follow-up. Literature relating to transitional care for childhood onset conditions exists, but little research has been undertaken into transition in a cancer context, specifically from an experiences perspective.

Objective: The aim of this study was to report how the process of transition should be considered within the context of young people's entire illness experience and how that experience can impact their transition readiness. Read More

IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2013 Mar 3;21(2):289-99. Epub 2012 Dec 3.

Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37212, USA.

Emerging technology, especially robotic technology, has been shown to be appealing to children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Such interest may be leveraged to provide repeatable, accurate and individualized intervention services to young children with ASD based on quantitative metrics. However, existing robot-mediated systems tend to have limited adaptive capability that may impact individualization. Read More

Nervenarzt 2012 Dec;83(12):1533-41

Neurologische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Deutschland.

The translation of modern principles of sedation and weaning from mechanical ventilation from general intensive care to neurocritical care has to take into account specific aspects of brain-injured patients. These include interactions with intracranial hypertension, disturbed autoregulation, a higher frequency of seizures and an increased risk of delirium. The advantages of sedation protocols, scoring tools to steer sedation and analgesia and an individualized choice of drugs with emphasis on analgesia gain more interest and importance in neurocritical care as well, but have not been thoroughly investigated so far. Read More

J Learn Disabil 2012 Sep-Oct;45(5):418-32. Epub 2011 Dec 29.

University of Oregon, Behavioral Research & Teaching, Eugene, OR 97403-5262, USA.

The role of student attention for predicting kindergarten word reading was investigated among 432 students. Using Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD Symptoms and Normal Behavior Rating Scale behavior rating scores, the authors conducted an exploratory factor analysis, which yielded three distinct factors that reflected selective attention. In this study, the authors focused on the role of one of these factors, which they labeled attention-memory, for predicting reading performance. Read More

Front Neuroanat 2010 22;4. Epub 2010 Feb 22.

Weill-Cornell Medical College, Cornell University Ithaca, NY, USA.

Inter-subject variations in white matter tract properties are known to correlate with individual differences in performance in cognitive domains such as attention. The specificity of such linkages, however, is largely unexplored at the level of specific component operations of attention associated with distinct anatomical networks. This study examines individual performance variation within three functional components of attention - alerting, orienting, and conflict processing - identified by the Attention Network Task (ANT), and relates each to inter-subject variation in a distinct set of white matter tract regions. Read More

Behav Anal 2009 ;32(2):281-4

University of California at Santa Barbara.

Although considerable progress has been made in improving the acquisition of expressive verbal communication in children with autism, research has documented that a subpopulation of children still fail to acquire speech even with intensive intervention. One variable that might be important in facilitating responding for this nonverbal subgroup of children is the use of antecedent orienting cues. Using a multiple baseline design, this study examined whether individualized orienting cues could be identified, and whether their presentation would result in the production of verbal expressive words. Read More

J Autism Dev Disord 2009 Nov 2;39(11):1587-92. Epub 2009 Jun 2.

Koegel Autism Center, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9490, USA.

Though considerable progress has been made in developing techniques for improving the acquisition of expressive verbal communication in children with autism, research has documented that 10-25% still fail to develop speech. One possible technique that could be significant in facilitating responding for this nonverbal subgroup of children is the use of orienting cues. Using a multiple baseline design, this study examined whether individualized orienting cues could be identified, and whether their presentation would result in verbal expressive words. Read More

Gerontology 2008 6;54(1):59-68. Epub 2008 Feb 6.

Center for Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany.

Based on resource-oriented conceptions of successful lifespan development, we propose three principles for evaluating assistive technology: (a) net resource release; (b) person specificity, and (c) proximal versus distal frames of evaluation. We discuss how these general principles can aid the design and evaluation of assistive technology in adulthood and old age, and propose two technological strategies, one targeting sensorimotor and the other cognitive functioning. The sensorimotor strategy aims at releasing cognitive resources such as attention and working memory by reducing the cognitive demands of sensory or sensorimotor aspects of performance. Read More

Biomaterials 2005 Mar;26(9):1071-9

Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Avenida Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.

Changes in the morphology and orientation of crystals have been tracked across the nacreous layer in pterioid bivalves, by SEM and X-ray diffraction. Early crystals nucleated on the organic membrane usually covering the outer prismatic layer. They formed polycrystalline aggregates of various shapes, first at prism boundaries and progressively invading the prisms in a centripetal fashion. Read More

J Cardiovasc Nurs 1989 May;3(3):34-41

Orienting nurses to care for the cardiac surgical patient may require 7 to 14 days with a preceptor. Use of a competency-based orientation (CBO) program such as the one described in this article can minimize orientation time to three to five days while assuring competent practice. CBO uses a variety of learning methods and individualized instruction, focusing on the ability to perform a task or behavior correctly rather than on the ability to demonstrate knowledge. Read More