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Am J Clin Nutr 2021 Apr 13. Epub 2021 Apr 13.

Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.

Background: Emerging evidence suggests that a dietary protein intake higher than the current recommended dietary allowance of 0.8 g/kg body weight (BW)/d may be needed to maintain optimal muscle mass, strength, and function in older adults. However, defining optimal protein intake in this age group remains a challenge. Read More

Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2021 Apr 13. Epub 2021 Apr 13.

University of Copenhagen, 4321, Department of biomedical sciences, Kobenhavn, Denmark;

Fat oxidation decreases age, yet, no studies have previously investigated if aging affects the maximal fat oxidation rate (MFO) during exercise in men and women differently. We hypothesized that increased age would be associated with a decline in MFO and this would be more pronounced in women due to the menopause, compared to men. In this cross-sectional study design, 435 (247/188, male /female) subjects of varying ages performed a DXA-scan, a submaximal graded exercise test and a V̇O2max test, to measure MFO and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) by indirect calorimetry. Read More

Rev Med Chil 2020 Oct;148(10):1435-1443

Departamento de Nutrición, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.

Background: Equations for the evaluation of fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) with Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) were formulated in Caucasian populations. International recommendations suggest that population-specific equations should be formulated.

Aim: To validate an equation previously formulated in Chileans adults and compare it to a new equation generated on an independent sample. Read More

Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021 Mar 19;18(6). Epub 2021 Mar 19.

Department of Sports Dietetics, Poznan University of Physical Education, 61-871 Poznań, Poland.

This study aimed to assess fluid loss (FL) and customary fluid intake (FI) during a training session, and the relationship between FL and total body water (TBW) content in a selected group of young swimmers. The study involved 17 (seven females, 10 males) individuals whose anthropometric and body composition analyses and FI during training units were carried out. The total average FI and total actual FL oscillated around 531 mL and -513 mL for the whole study group (469 mL and -284 mL for females, 574 mL and -674 mL for males). Read More

Nutrients 2021 Mar 18;13(3). Epub 2021 Mar 18.

United States Olympic and Paralympic Committee, Chula Vista, CA 91915, USA.

(1) Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the symptoms of low energy availability (LEA) and risk of relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S) symptoms in para-athletes using a multi-parameter approach. (2) Methods: National level para-athletes ( = 9 males, = 9 females) completed 7-day food and activity logs to quantify energy availability (EA), the LEA in Females Questionnaire (LEAF-Q), dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans to assess bone mineral density (BMD), and hormonal blood spot testing. (3) Results: Based on EA calculations, no athlete was at risk for LEA (females < 30 kcal·kg FFM·day; and males < 25 kcal·kg FFM·day; thresholds for able-bodied (AB) subjects). Read More

Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021 Mar 2;18(5). Epub 2021 Mar 2.

Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA.

The purpose of this study was to determine if rowing performance was associated with fat mass (FM) or fat-free mass (FFM) measured using a novel 2D digital image analysis system. Nineteen female rowers (ages = 20.3 ± 1. Read More

Part Fibre Toxicol 2021 Mar 25;18(1):15. Epub 2021 Mar 25.

Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455 - 1st floor (room 1220), São Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil.

Background: Air pollution causes negative impacts on health. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with diverse clinical manifestations and multifactorial etiology. Recent studies suggest that air pollution can trigger SLE and induce disease activity. Read More

J Thromb Haemost 2021 Mar 24. Epub 2021 Mar 24.

Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.

Background: Genetic characteristics and genetic carrier diagnosis in Japanese hemophilia female carriers have not been evaluated.

Objectives: To provide genetic information on Japanese hemophilia female carriers and demonstrate the advantages of genetic testing in carrier diagnosis.

Methods: DNA sequencing combined with long PCR for inversion and MLPA for large mutations. Read More

J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2021 Mar 18;18(1):24. Epub 2021 Mar 18.

Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Gortanova 22, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.

Background: Low energy availability in male athletes has gained a lot of attention in recent years, but direct evidence of its effects on health and performance is lacking. The aim of this research was to objectively measure energy availability (EA) in healthy male endurance athletes without pre-existing relative energy deficiency signs during pre-race season.

Methods: Twelve trained endurance athletes (performance level 3, 4, and 5) participated in the cross-sectional controlled laboratory study. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2021 Mar;100(10):e25020

School of Sport Science, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai.

Abstract: This study aimed to investigate the relationships between omentin-1, body composition and physical activity (PA) levels in older women.Eighty-one older women (age = 64 ± 6years; body mass index = 24.2 ± 3. Read More

Exp Physiol 2021 Mar 6. Epub 2021 Mar 6.

Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK.

New Findings: What is the central question of this study? What is the relationship between proteins in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue determined at rest and at peak rates of fat oxidation in men and women? What is the main finding and its importance? The resting contents of proteins in skeletal muscle involved in triglyceride hydrolysis and mitochondrial lipid transport were more strongly associated with peak fat oxidation rates than proteins related to lipid transport or hydrolysis in adipose tissue. Although females displayed higher relative rates of fat oxidation than males, this was not explained by the proteins measured in this study, suggesting that other factors determine sex differences in fat metabolism.

Abstract: We explored key proteins involved in fat metabolism that might be associated with peak fat oxidation (PFO) and account for sexual dimorphism in fuel metabolism during exercise. Read More

Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2021 May-Jun;94:104379. Epub 2021 Feb 12.

Department of Human Movement Sciences, @AgeAmsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, The Netherlands; Department of Medicine and Aged Care, @AgeMelbourne, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. Electronic address:

Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate the associations between anthropometric measures with body composition, in particular skeletal muscle mass, and with physical function in a cohort of geriatric outpatients.

Methods: We included 572 outpatients who attended geriatric clinics at Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Netherlands from January 2014 to December 2015. Anthropometric measures (height, weight, body circumferences, body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR)), and physical function measures (handgrip strength (HGS), Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) and Timed Up and Go test (TUG)) were obtained. Read More

S Afr J Physiother 2021 15;77(1):1509. Epub 2021 Jan 15.

Department of Physiotherapy, Federal Medical Centre Abeokuta, Abeokuta, Nigeria.

Background: Forced vital capacity (FVC) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) are used to assess and monitor the management of lung pathology.

Objectives: Our study documented spirometry reference values for apparently healthy Nigerians and developed predictive equations for pulmonary function.

Method: A cross-sectional survey involving healthy adult Nigerians included anthropometric measurements of weight, height, waist, hip circumference (HC), sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) and percentage body fat. Read More

Cureus 2021 Jan 8;13(1):e12579. Epub 2021 Jan 8.

Anaesthesia, NRI Institute of Medical Sciences, Visakhapatnam, IND.

Introduction: Body mass index (BMI) has been used for a long period as a surrogative measure for obesity. But BMI does not differentiate between fat and nonfat tissue (blood, bone, and muscle) due to which it is not considered accurate anymore. But since BMI is easier to estimate and used widely for assessment of obesity, it is better if it is re-standardized according to the body fat percentage (BFP) of a specific population, community, and their ethnicity. Read More

Animal 2021 Mar 29;15(3):100156. Epub 2020 Dec 29.

SunPork Group, Eagleview Place, Eagle Farm, Queensland, Australia.

The ability to accurately estimate fat mass and fat-free mass (FFM) has the potential to improve the way in which sow body condition can be managed in a breeding herd. Bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS) has been evaluated as a practical technique for assessment of body composition in several livestock species, but similar work is lacking in sows. Bioelectrical impedance uses population-specific algorithms that require values for the apparent resistivities of body fluids and body proportion factors. Read More

BMC Public Health 2021 Feb 9;21(1):321. Epub 2021 Feb 9.

Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel). Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Rua Marechal Deodoro, 1160 - 3° Piso. Bairro Centro, Cep: 96020-220, Pelotas, RS, Caixa Postal 464, Brazil.

Background: We aimed to investigate the association between preterm birth and body composition at 6, 18, and 30 years of age using data from three population-based birth cohort studies.

Methods: Gestational age (GA), defined by the date of the last menstrual period (categorized in ≤33, 34-36, and ≥ 37 weeks), was gathered in the first 24-h after delivery for all live births occurring in the city of Pelotas, Brazil, in 2004, 1993 and 1982. Body composition was assessed by air-displacement plethysmography. Read More

J Exp Biol 2021 Jan 26;224(Pt 2). Epub 2021 Jan 26.

Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA 22630, USA.

Many captive Asian elephant populations are not self-sustaining, possibly due in part to obesity-related health and reproductive issues. This study investigated relationships between estimated body composition and metabolic function, inflammatory markers, ovarian activity (females only) and physical activity levels in 44 Asian elephants (=35 females, =9 males). Deuterium dilution was used to measure total body water from which fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) could be derived to estimate body composition. Read More

J Physiol Anthropol 2021 Jan 19;40(1). Epub 2021 Jan 19.

Doctorado en Ciencias Morfológicas, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile.

Background: Body composition (BC) influences respiratory system mechanics, provoking air flow limitation (AFL). The objective of this study was to determine the relationship of AFL in small- and medium-caliber airways with BC in young adults.

Methods: Eighty-three individuals were recruited (40 men and 43 women). Read More

J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2020 Sep 28;5(4). Epub 2020 Sep 28.

Department of Rehabilitation, Exercise, and Nutrition Sciences, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.

Body composition plays a key role in overall health and sports performance and its assessment is an important part of many athletic programs. The purpose of this study was to describe longitudinal changes in body composition for collegiate female soccer players in order to provide data to inform future training and nutrition interventions for this population. A linear mixed-model (LMM) approach was used to analyze four years of pre- and post-season body composition data, including total mass, fat-free mass (FFM), fat mass, and body fat percentage (%BF) for 49 athletes. Read More

J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2020 Apr 25;5(2). Epub 2020 Apr 25.

Exercise Science Program, University of South Florida, Performance and Physique Enhancement Laboratory, Tampa, FL 33620, USA.

The purpose of this case-series was to evaluate the physiological, psychological and performance-related changes that occur during the postcompetition period. Participants included three male (34.3 ± 6. Read More

J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2020 Mar 8;5(1). Epub 2020 Mar 8.

Team Gorman LLC, Republic, MO 65738, USA.

There is a lack of research into how lean, resistance trained (RT) individuals respond to intermittent energy restricted diets. Therefore, we investigated body composition changes in RT-individuals during continuous energy restriction or intermittent restriction. A total of 27 males and females (25 ± 6. Read More

Mil Med 2021 Jan 15. Epub 2021 Jan 15.

Department of Human Studies, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35222, USA.

Introduction: The cadets in the U.S. Army Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) consist of students from varied backgrounds. Read More

J Pers 2021 Jan 9. Epub 2021 Jan 9.

Institute of Psychology, Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.

Objective: There is a considerable body of evidence from the last 20 years, indicating the need for the reconceptualization of the highest level of the personality structure that the Big Five/Five-Factor Model (FFM) was assumed to occupy. The main goal of the presented study was to test the relationships between two models that have been developed in this respect: The Circumplex of Personality Metatraits (CPM), based on the higher-order factors of the Big Five, and the HEXACO model including a sixth basic personality dimension (Honesty-Humility).

Method: The sample consisted of 500 respondents (56. Read More

Int J Exerc Sci 2020 1;13(4):1595-1604. Epub 2020 Dec 1.

Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, USA.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of whole body percent fat (%BF) and segmental fat-free mass (FFM) using multi-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (MF-BIA) and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) in college-aged adults. Sixty-two participants male ( = 32) and female ( 30) completed MF-BIA and DEXA measurements following established pre-test guidelines. %BF and segmental FFM (right arm, left arm, trunk, right leg, and left leg) were collected and analyzed. Read More

Obes Surg 2021 04 6;31(4):1635-1646. Epub 2021 Jan 6.

Graduate Program in Human Nutrition, University of Brasília, 70910-900, Asa Norte, Brasília, Federal District, Brazil.

Background: Resistance training (RT) and adequate protein intake are recommended as strategies to preserve fat-free mass (FFM) and resting metabolic demand after bariatric surgery. However, the effect of both interventions combined in the late postoperative period is unclear. This study investigated the effects of RT, isolated and combined with protein supplementation, on body composition and resting energy expenditure (REE) in the late postoperative period of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Read More

R Soc Open Sci 2020 Nov 25;7(11):201155. Epub 2020 Nov 25.

North Carolina Zoo, Asheboro, NC, USA.

African elephants, the largest land animal, face particular physiological challenges in captivity and the wild. Captive elephants can become over- or under-conditioned with inadequate exercise and diet management. Few studies have quantified body composition or water turnover in elephants, and none to date have examined longitudinal responses to changes in diet or air temperature. Read More

Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020 Dec 15. Epub 2020 Dec 15.

University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Exercise and Sport Science, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States;

Three-dimensional (3D) body scanner technology for body composition assessment is expanding. The aim of this study was to assess the validity of a 3D body scanner. 194 participants (43% male; Age: 23. Read More

Am J Hum Biol 2020 Dec 4. Epub 2020 Dec 4.

Community Nutrition Department, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.

Objectives: Studies suggest a positive relationship between 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D)) and resting metabolic rate (RMR). We aimed to determine whether this relationship was also true of populations with very low vitamin D status.

Methods: Fat mass (FM) and fat free mass (FFM) were determined from multifrequency bioimpedance analysis (InBody 720, Korea). Read More

Nutrients 2020 Nov 25;12(12). Epub 2020 Nov 25.

Institute of Nutritional Science, Justus Liebig University, Goethestr. 55, D-35390 Giessen, Germany.

This prospective study investigates age-dependent changes in anthropometric data and body composition over a period of two decades in consideration of physical activity and diet in community-dwelling subjects ≥60 years. Overall, 401 subjects with median follow-up time of 12 years were examined. Fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM) were analyzed using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Read More

Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2021 Jan 23;171:108557. Epub 2020 Nov 23.

Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, United States.

Aims: To determine whether loss of muscle mass (approximated using fat free mass [FFM]) is associated with risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Hispanic/Latino adults in the United States.

Methods: Participants were Hispanic/Latino adults (18-74-year-olds) who completed Visit 2 of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL; multi-site, prospective cohort study; 6.1-year follow-up) and did not have T2DM at baseline (n = 6264). Read More