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Nat Plants 2021 Apr 12. Epub 2021 Apr 12.

Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential for life and are involved in the regulation of almost all biological processes. ROS production is critical for plant development, response to abiotic stresses and immune responses. Here, we focus on recent discoveries in ROS biology emphasizing abiotic and biotic stress responses. Read More

Sci Rep 2021 Apr 12;11(1):7933. Epub 2021 Apr 12.

Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, 9211-116 Street NW, Edmonton, AB, T6G 1H9, Canada.

The microbial electrolysis cell assisted anaerobic digestion holds great promises over conventional anaerobic digestion. This article reports an experimental investigation of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the expression of genes associated with extracellular electron transfer (EET) in methanogenic biocathodes. The MEC-AD systems were examined using two cathode materials: carbon fibers and stainless-steel mesh. Read More

Front Cell Dev Biol 2021 26;9:628991. Epub 2021 Mar 26.

Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.

The cellular formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) represents an evolutionary ancient antimicrobial defense system against microorganisms. The NADPH oxidases (NOX), which are predominantly localized to endosomes, and the electron transport chain in mitochondria are the major sources of ROS. Like any powerful immunological process, ROS formation has costs, in particular collateral tissue damage of the host. Read More

Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021 Apr 8:127999. Epub 2021 Apr 8.

Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Ahmedabad, Opposite Air force Station, Palaj, Gandhinagar, Gujarat - 382355, India. Electronic address:

Alzheimer disease is multi-factorial and inflammation plays a major role in the disease progression and severity. Metals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the key mediators for inflammatory conditions associated with Alzheimer's. Along multi-factorial nature, major challenge for developing new drug is the ability of the molecule to cross blood brain barrier (BBB). Read More

Phytother Res 2021 Apr 9. Epub 2021 Apr 9.

Poona college of pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, India.

Cancer is the second-leading cause of death worldwide. Till date, many such effective treatments are available, for example chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation therapy, but there are severe associated side effects, such as increased infection risk, constipation, hair loss, anaemia, among others. Thus, the need for effective therapeutic strategies and screening methodology arises. Read More

Cancer Lett 2021 Apr 6;509:13-25. Epub 2021 Apr 6.

School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China. Electronic address:

Bladder cancer is a clinically heterogeneous disease with a poor prognosis. In the current study, anti-proliferation assay of a Euphorbiaceae diterpenoid library led to the identification of an anti-bladder cancer agent Jolkinolide B (JB). JB showed significant cytotoxicity against a panel of bladder cancer cell lines and suppressed the growth of cisplatin (CDDP)-resistant bladder cancer xenografts in single or combination treatments. Read More

J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2021 Apr 8;40(1):121. Epub 2021 Apr 8.

Department of Gastroenterology, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, No.221 Yan'an West Road, Shanghai, 200040, P.R. China.

Background: Reprogrammed glucose metabolism, also known as the Warburg effect, which is essential for tumor progression, is regarded as a hallmark of cancer. MAP17, a small 17-kDa non-glycosylated membrane protein, is frequently dysregulated in human cancers. However, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains largely unknown. Read More

Front Immunol 2021 22;12:651740. Epub 2021 Mar 22.

Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Chronic wounds are a public health problem worldwide, especially those related to diabetes. Besides being an enormous burden to patients, it challenges wound care professionals and causes a great financial cost to health system. Considering the absence of effective treatments for chronic wounds, our aim was to better understand the pathophysiology of tissue repair in diabetes in order to find alternative strategies to accelerate wound healing. Read More

ACS Chem Neurosci 2021 Apr 7. Epub 2021 Apr 7.

Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada.

Amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides spontaneously aggregate into β- and cross-β-sheets in model brain membranes. These nanometer sized can fuse into larger micrometer sized clusters and become extracellular and serve as nuclei for further plaque and fibril growth. Curcumin and homotaurine represent two different types of Aβ aggregation inhibitors. Read More

Oxid Med Cell Longev 2021 19;2021:6668971. Epub 2021 Mar 19.

Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, China.

Background: Airway smooth muscle (ASM) remodeling is a hallmark in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). NADPH oxidase 4- (NOX4-) mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production plays a crucial role in cell differentiation and extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis in ASM remodeling. However, the precise mechanisms underpinning its pathogenic roles remain elusive. Read More

Dev Comp Immunol 2021 Apr 3;121:104094. Epub 2021 Apr 3.

Muping Coastal Environment Research Station, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China; Research and Development Center for Efficient Utilization of Coastal Bioresources, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, PR China; Center for Ocean Mega-science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong, 266071, PR China. Electronic address:

The formation of extracellular traps (ETs) is an important innate immune mechanism that serves to combat different invading pathogens. In this study, zymosan significantly induced the formation of ETs in the hemocytes of Ruditapes philippinarum, and this effect was accompanied by translocation of the mitochondria to the cell surface. Zymosan stimulation clearly induced an increase in intracellular ROS and MPO production and an overexpression of ROS-related genes (PI3K, AKT and HIF). Read More

Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021 Apr;62(4)

Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL, United States.

Purpose: The multifunctional profibrotic cytokine TGF-β2 is implicated in the pathophysiology of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). While the underlying cause of POAG remains unclear, TGF-β2 dependent remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) within the trabecular meshwork (TM) microenvironment is considered an early pathologic consequence associated with impaired aqueous humor (AH) outflow and elevated IOP. Mitochondrial-targeted antioxidants have been recently shown by our group to markedly attenuate TGF-β2 profibrotic responses, strongly implicating oxidative stress as a key facilitator of TGF-β2 signaling in human TM cells. Read More

Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2021 Apr 6. Epub 2021 Apr 6.

Anti-Aging Research Center, Dong-eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea.

In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), a heme precursor, on inflammatory and oxidative stress activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW 264.7 macrophages by estimating nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), cytokines, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). We also evaluated the molecular mechanisms through analysis of the expression of their regulatory genes, and further evaluated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant efficacy of ALA against LPS in the zebrafish model. Read More

Drug Deliv 2021 Dec;28(1):680-691

Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Yancheng No. 1 People's Hospital, Yancheng First Hospital Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Yancheng, China.

Multidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the main reasons for tumor chemotherapy failure. Podophyllotoxin (PPT) has been reported that can suppress MDR cancer cell growth; however, effective delivery of PPT to MDR cancer cells is challenged by cascaded bio-barriers. To effectively deliver PPT to MDR cancer cells, a PPT polymeric prodrug micelle (PCDMA) with the charge-conversion capability and self-acceleration drug release function are fabricated, which is composed of a pH and reactive oxygen species (ROS) sequentially responsive PPT-polymeric prodrug and an ROS generation agent, cucurbitacin B (CuB). Read More

Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2021 Mar 27;235:110234. Epub 2021 Mar 27.

College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, Guangdong Province, PR China. Electronic address:

Histamine plays a central role in various allergic diseases, such as allergic asthma and allergic rhinitis. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation is a novel effector mechanism of neutrophils to defend against various stimuli. In this present study, we aimed to investigate the role of histamine on bovine NET formation, and examined its preliminary molecular mechanisms. Read More

Exp Cell Res 2021 Mar 31;402(2):112577. Epub 2021 Mar 31.

Departamento Neurociencia Cognitiva and Laboratorio Nacional de Canalopatías, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, UNAM, Circuito de la Investigación Científica s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, CDMX, Mexico.

Cellular heterogeneity and diversity are recognized to contribute to the functions of neutrophils under homeostatic and pathological conditions. We previously suggested that the chronic inflammatory responses associated with hypertension (HTN) are related to the participation of different subpopulations of neutrophils. Two populations of neutrophils can be obtained by density gradient centrifugation: normal-density neutrophils (NDN) and low-density neutrophils (LDN). Read More

FEBS J 2021 Apr 2. Epub 2021 Apr 2.

Laboratoire des IMRCP, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier.

Histopathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are intracellular neurofibrillary tangles and extracellular formation of senile plaques composed of the aggregated amyloid-beta peptide along with metal-ions (copper, iron or zinc). In addition, oxidative stress is considered as an important factor in the etiology of AD and a multitude of metalloproteins and transporters are affected, leading to metal ion misregulation. Redox active metal ions (e. Read More

Biology (Basel) 2021 Mar 26;10(4). Epub 2021 Mar 26.

Natural Products for Neuroprotection and Anti-Ageing Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.

Wall. ex Baker (KP) or "Kra-chai-dam" has been shown to exhibit several pharmacological effects including anti-inflammation, antimicrobial, and sexual-enhancing activity. The objectives of this study included an investigation of the effect of KP rhizome extract against glutamate-induced toxicity in mouse hippocampal HT-22 neuronal cells, determination of the underlying mechanism of neuroprotection, and an evaluation of the effect of KP extract on the longevity of . Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2021 Mar 26;22(7). Epub 2021 Mar 26.

Unità di Ingegneria Tissutale Cardiovascolare, Centro cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico(IRCCS), 20138 Milan, Italy.

Biological aging is a process associated with a gradual decline in tissues' homeostasis based on the progressive inability of the cells to self-renew. Cellular senescence is one of the hallmarks of the aging process, characterized by an irreversible cell cycle arrest due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, telomeres shortening, chronic inflammatory activation, and chromatin modifications. In this review, we will describe the effects of senescence on tissue structure, extracellular matrix (ECM) organization, and nucleus architecture, and see how these changes affect (are affected by) mechano-transduction. Read More

Antioxidants (Basel) 2021 Mar 16;10(3). Epub 2021 Mar 16.

Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.

Garcinol, a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) antagonist, has recently been established as an anti-inflammation agent. However, the molecular mechanism by which garcinol suppresses inflammation in the context of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains unclear. We hypothesized that the administration of physiological doses of garcinol in mice with isoproterenol-induced AMI decreased the effect of lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a))-induced inflammation both in vivo and in vitro via the α7-nAChRs mediated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) signaling pathway. Read More

Molecules 2021 Mar 12;26(6). Epub 2021 Mar 12.

Department of Food and Nutrition, BK21 FOUR, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), key molecules of cancer invasion and metastasis, degrade the extracellular matrix and cell-cell adhesion molecules. MMP-10 plays a crucial role in -induced cell-invasion. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway, which activates activator protein-1 (AP-1), is known to mediate MMP expression. Read More

Biomedicines 2021 Mar 5;9(3). Epub 2021 Mar 5.

Andalusian Center for Developmental Biology (CABD-CSIC-Pablo de Olavide University) and Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases, Carlos III Health Institute, 41013 Seville, Spain.

Inflammation is a key process in metazoan organisms due to its relevance for innate defense against infections and tissue damage. However, inflammation is also implicated in pathological processes such as atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall where unstable atherosclerotic plaque rupture causing platelet aggregation and thrombosis may compromise the arterial lumen, leading to acute or chronic ischemic syndromes. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2021 Mar 5;22(5). Epub 2021 Mar 5.

Integrative Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamada-oka, Suita 5650871, Osaka, Japan.

The voltage-gated proton channel, Hv1, also termed VSOP, was discovered in 2006. It has long been suggested that proton transport through voltage-gated proton channels regulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in phagocytes by counteracting the charge imbalance caused by the activation of NADPH oxidase. Discovery of Hv1/VSOP not only confirmed this process in phagocytes, but also led to the elucidation of novel functions in phagocytes. Read More

Antioxidants (Basel) 2021 Mar 5;10(3). Epub 2021 Mar 5.

Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.

Atherothrombosis, a multifactorial and multistep artery disorder, represents one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The development and progression of atherothrombosis is closely associated with age, gender and a complex relationship between unhealthy lifestyle habits and several genetic risk factors. The imbalance between oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses is the main biological event leading to the development of a pro-oxidant phenotype, triggering cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with the atherothrombotic process. Read More

Molecules 2021 Mar 4;26(5). Epub 2021 Mar 4.

College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea.

Oxidative stress leads to protein degeneration or mitochondrial dysfunction, causing neuronal cell death. Glutamate is a neurotransmitter that nerve cells use to send signals. However, the excess accumulation of glutamate can cause excitotoxicity in the central nervous system. Read More

Antioxidants (Basel) 2021 Mar 25;10(4). Epub 2021 Mar 25.

College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea.

The skin is an important organ in the human body that protects the body from environmentally hazardous substances. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) cause inflammatory reactions and degradation of the extracellular matrix leading to skin aging and various cutaneous lesions. This study evaluated the potential of isoflavones isolated from fruit to prevent TNF-α-induced skin inflammation in normal human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). Read More

Antioxidants (Basel) 2021 Mar 13;10(3). Epub 2021 Mar 13.

Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Korea.

Tart cherry ( L.), a medicinal food containing high concentrations of phytochemicals, has a variety of antioxidant activities and health benefits. Here, we investigate the functional effect of tart cherry during apoptotic cell death elicited by airborne particulate matter with a diameter of <10 μm (PM) in human epidermal keratinocyte HaCaT cells. Read More

Antioxidants (Basel) 2021 Mar 9;10(3). Epub 2021 Mar 9.

Medical Center for Translational and Clinical Research, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima 7348551, Japan.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common aging-associated disease that clinically manifests as joint pain, mobility limitations, and compromised quality of life. Today, OA treatment is limited to pain management and joint arthroplasty at the later stages of disease progression. OA pathogenesis is predominantly mediated by oxidative damage to joint cartilage extracellular matrix and local cells such as chondrocytes, osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and synovial fibroblasts. Read More

Int J Mol Sci 2021 Mar 17;22(6). Epub 2021 Mar 17.

Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.

Both protease- and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated proteolysis are thought to be key effectors of tissue remodeling. We have previously shown that comparison of amino acid composition can predict the differential susceptibilities of proteins to photo-oxidation. However, predicting protein susceptibility to endogenous proteases remains challenging. Read More

Cells 2021 Mar 3;10(3). Epub 2021 Mar 3.

Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy.

Mitochondria serve as a hub for a multitude of vital cellular processes. To ensure an efficient deployment of mitochondrial tasks, organelle homeostasis needs to be preserved. Mitochondrial quality control (MQC) mechanisms (i. Read More