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BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021 Apr 12;21(1):295. Epub 2021 Apr 12.

Fukushima Regional Center for the Japan Environment and Children's Study, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan.

Background: The adequate maternal sleep duration required for favorable obstetric outcomes is unknown. We evaluated the association between maternal sleep duration and low birth weight infants, small for gestational age infants, and macrosomia.

Methods: Participants enrolled in the Japan Environment and Children's Study, a nationwide birth cohort study, with singleton pregnancies after 22 weeks, who gave birth between 2011 and 2014 were enrolled and categorized into five groups according to maternal sleep duration during pregnancy: < 6. Read More

Public Health Nutr 2021 Apr 12:1-26. Epub 2021 Apr 12.

Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.

Objective: To establish optimal gestational weight gain (GWG) in Chinese pregnant women by Chinese-specific body mass index (BMI) categories and compare the new recommendations with the Institute of Medicine (IOM) 2009 guidelines.

Design: Multicenter, prospective cohort study. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the odds ratios (ORs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and the predicted probabilities of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Read More

J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2021 Apr 11:1-5. Epub 2021 Apr 11.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Turkey.

Objective: Pregnancy is generally known to be a period when physical activity is partially or totally restricted to avoid negative outcomes such as miscarriage or premature birth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect on maternal and fetal outcomes of exercise in pregnancies complicated by macrosomia.

Material And Method: In this retrospective study, the data were retrospectively screened of women who gave birth at ≥38 weeks with infant birthweight of ≥4000 gr. Read More

J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2021 Apr 8:1-10. Epub 2021 Apr 8.

Department of Neonatology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.

Objective: Recent data show that maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) are associated with offspring neurobehavior in childhood. However, little is known about the effect on infants that less than 20 months of age, and whether this association has sex differences.

Methods: In this birth cohort study, a total of 661 mother-infant pairs were enrolled in Shanghai, China, between February 2017 and April 2019. Read More

J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2021 Apr 6:1-6. Epub 2021 Apr 6.

Obstetrics and Gynecology, Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the perinatal outcomes of patients who were continuously monitored by cardiotocography (CTG) during the labor and experienced cesarean operation with a diagnosis of fetal distress.

Material And Methods: This is a retrospective study in which records of the patients, who were diagnosed of fetal distress at Umraniye Training and Research Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Istanbul, Turkey, between January 2015 and October 2020 were collated. The statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Packagefor Social Sciences version 22 software (SPSS Inc. Read More

Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021 Mar 7;18(5). Epub 2021 Mar 7.

Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands.

Food insecurity may exacerbate adverse maternal health outcomes during pregnancy, however, this association has not been well established, particularly in the context of developing countries. This study aimed to identify the associations between household food insecurity and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk among urban pregnant women. Household food insecurity was assessed using the translated 10-item Radimer/Cornell hunger scale. Read More

Obes Surg 2021 Apr 2. Epub 2021 Apr 2.

Diabetes Department, University Hospital Toulouse, Toulouse, France.

Purpose: Pregnancy after gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery remains at high risk for gestational diabetes mellitus, prematurity, and small for gestational age infants (SGA). Our objective was to describe the interstitial glucose (IG) profiles and weight changes during such pregnancies, and the association of these factors with adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Material And Methods: One hundred twenty two pregnancies were analyzed in a monocentric retrospective study. Read More

Epidemiol Serv Saude 2021 ;30(1):e2020123

Fundação Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.

Objective: To analyze association of different methods of gestational weight gain assessment with live births small for gestational age (SGA) and large for gestational age (LGA).

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with adult women, normal prepregnancy BMI, single pregnancy and gestational age at delivery ≥28 weeks, from the "Birth in Brazil" study, between 2011 and 2012.

Results: Among the 11,000 women participating in the study, prevalence of excessive weight gain was 33. Read More

Womens Health (Lond) 2021 Jan-Dec;17:17455065211003692

Department of Health Administration and Policy, College of Health and Human Sciences, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA.

Objectives: The goals of this study were to examine the associations between nativity and pregnancy-related weight and to assess the associations between maternal duration of residence and age at arrival in the United States on pregnancy-related weight among immigrants.

Methods: Using logistic regression and data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort, we assessed differences in preconception weight and gestational weight gain between US-born and immigrant women (N = 7000). We then analyzed differences in both outcomes by duration of residence among immigrants (n = 1850) and examined whether the identified relationships varied by age at arrival in the United States. Read More

Diabetol Int 2021 Apr 9;12(2):151-160. Epub 2020 Jul 9.

Department of Medicine, Clinical Research Center, International University of Health and Welfare, 8-10-16 Akasaka Minato, 107-0052 Tokyo, Japan.

Aims/introduction: Medical nutrition therapy is the cornerstone of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) treatment. Patients with GDM should receive dietary counseling regarding diet and exercise.

Materials And Methods: To study patients' perception level of diet and their level of understanding after dietary counseling, we analyzed 225 reports of dietary counseling of patients with GDM prepared by dieticians. Read More

Cureus 2021 Feb 23;13(2):e13523. Epub 2021 Feb 23.

Basic Sciences, Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, USA.

Diabetes insipidus (DI) is an endocrine condition involving the posterior pituitary peptide hormone, antidiuretic hormone (ADH). ADH exerts its effects on the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct of the nephron by upregulating aquaporin-2 channels (AQP2) on the cellular apical membrane surface. DI is marked by expelling excessive quantities of highly dilute urine, extreme thirst, and craving for cold water. Read More

Cureus 2021 Feb 22;13(2):e13487. Epub 2021 Feb 22.

Internal Medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, PAK.

Many physical factors (including maternal comorbidities) affecting gestational weight gain (GWG) have been widely studied; however, the psychosocial aspects pertaining to this need to be put under the microscope, especially in countries characterized by low indicators of socioeconomic development. Gaining and maintaining an adequate amount of weight during pregnancy is important to prevent premature deliveries, fetal demise, fetal macrosomia, shoulder dystocia during delivery, emergency cesarean sections, postpartum weight retention, childhood obesity, etc. A scoping review of the articles published in the last five years has revealed that perinatal outcomes like gestational weight are influenced by certain psychosocial factors, including, but not limited to, intimate partner violence, lack of social support and recognition, financial distress, household food insecurity, chronic stress and depression related to pregnancy, eating pathologies, and low self-esteem. Read More

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021 10;12:621680. Epub 2021 Mar 10.

Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania Medical School, Catania, Italy.

Background: Maternal high blood glucose during pregnancy increases the risk for both maternal and fetal adverse outcomes. The mechanisms underlying the regulator effects of hyperglycemia on placental development and growth have not been fully illustrated yet. The placenta expresses high amounts of both insulin receptor (IR) and insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R). Read More

Front Physiol 2021 10;12:645136. Epub 2021 Mar 10.

Actividad Físico-Deportiva en Poblaciones Específicas (AFIPE) Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.

Background: The situation caused by COVID-19 has led to movement restrictions for the majority of the population due to the confinement established by the health authorities. This new situation has changed people's habits and significantly affected the pregnant population. Decreased exercise and increased psychophysical stress are associated with excessive weight gain, diabetes, and gestational cardiovascular complications that affect the mother, fetus, and newborn. Read More

J Healthc Eng 2021 8;2021:6672072. Epub 2021 Mar 8.

Department of Endocrine, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin 132012, China.

At present, the secondary application of electronic medical records is focused on auxiliary medical diagnosis to improve the accuracy of clinical diagnosis. The main research in this article is the prediction method of gestational diabetes based on electronic medical record data. In the original data, the ID number of the medical examiner did not match the medical examination record. Read More

Sci Rep 2021 Mar 23;11(1):6608. Epub 2021 Mar 23.

Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics, University of Florida College of Medicine, 1600 SW Archer Rd. M543, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0274, USA.

Cardiac development is a dynamic process, temporally and spatially. When disturbed, it leads to congenital cardiac anomalies that affect approximately 1% of live births. Genetic variants in several loci lead to anomalies, with the transcription factor NKX2-5 being one of the largest. Read More

Front Cell Dev Biol 2021 4;9:634837. Epub 2021 Mar 4.

Chongqing Key Laboratory of Childhood Nutrition and Health, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.

To investigate the role of TLR4 on the microglia activation in the pre-frontal cortex, which leads to autism-like behavior of the offspring induced by maternal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) exposure. Pregnant TLR4 (knockout, KO) and WT (wild type, WT) dams were intraperitoneally injected with LPS or PBS, respectively. The levels of TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the maternal serum and fetal brain were assessed with ELISA following LPS exposure. Read More

Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021 Apr 12;42:307-312. Epub 2021 Feb 12.

Department of Nutrition & Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China. Electronic address:

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), body mass index (BMI) and gestational weight gain (GWG) are salient predictors of pregnancy-outcomes. However, findings on the association between GDM, BMI, and GWG with fetal growth measures are limited.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of GDM on fetal growth measures and birth outcomes. Read More

JMIR Res Protoc 2021 Mar 18;10(3):e27196. Epub 2021 Mar 18.

School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.

Background: Despite comprehensive guidelines for healthy gestational weight gain (GWG) and evidence for the efficacy of dietary counseling coupled with weight monitoring on reducing excessive GWG, reporting on the effectiveness of interventions translated into routine antenatal care is limited.

Objective: This study aims to implement and evaluate the Living Well during Pregnancy (LWdP) program in a large Australian antenatal care setting. Specifically, the LWdP program will be incorporated into usual care and delivered to a population of pregnant women at risk of excessive GWG through a dietitian-delivered telephone coaching service. Read More

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2021 Mar 17;21(1):216. Epub 2021 Mar 17.

Department of Obstetrics, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, No 251, Yaojiayuan Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100026, China.

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and excessive body weight are two key risk factors for adverse perinatal outcomes. However, it is not clear whether restricted gestational weight gain (GWG) is favorable to reduce the risk for adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in women with GDM. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the association of GWG after an oral glucose tolerance test with maternal and neonatal outcomes. Read More

Reprod Sci 2021 Mar 17. Epub 2021 Mar 17.

Exercise Psychology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University & Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.

Resting energy expenditure (REE) may be useful for individualizing energy intake (EI) and physical activity (PA) goals, and in turn, regulating gestational weight gain (GWG). Limited research, however, has examined the association between REE and GWG. This study examined (1) change in REE from 14 to 28 gestation, (2) time-varying associations between REE and GWG, and (3) EI and PA patterns during the weeks when REE and GWG were significantly associated. Read More

Womens Health Issues 2021 Mar 11. Epub 2021 Mar 11.

Department of Health and Human Development, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

Introduction: Sleep, sedentary behavior, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) are altered in pregnancy and may affect pregnancy health; however, how these behaviors are associated with each other is unclear.

Methods: Pregnant women (N = 120) completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and wore an activPAL3 micro and ActiGraph GT3X for 7 days in each trimester to assess sleep, sedentary behavior, and MVPA, respectively. Latent trajectories described patterns of sleep duration, efficiency, and quality as well as sedentary behavior and MVPA. Read More

J Intern Med 2021 Mar 13. Epub 2021 Mar 13.

From the, Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.

Diabetes insipidus is a disorder characterized by excretion of large amounts of hypotonic urine. Four entities have to be differentiated: central diabetes insipidus resulting from a deficiency of the hormone arginine vasopressin (AVP) in the pituitary gland or the hypothalamus, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus resulting from resistance to AVP in the kidneys, gestational diabetes insipidus resulting from an increase in placental vasopressinase and finally primary polydipsia, which involves excessive intake of large amounts of water despite normal AVP secretion and action. Distinguishing between the different types of diabetes insipidus can be challenging. Read More

Front Hum Neurosci 2020 23;14:584236. Epub 2021 Feb 23.

Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.

Purpose: White matter damage (WMD) was defined as the appearance of rough and uneven echo enhancement in the white matter around the ventricle. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a risk prediction model for neonatal WMD.

Materials And Methods: We collected data for 1,733 infants hospitalized at the Department of Neonatology at The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from 2017 to 2020. Read More

J Physiol 2021 Mar 11. Epub 2021 Mar 11.

Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK.

Maternal metabolic adaptations during pregnancy ensure appropriate nutrient supply to the developing fetus. This is facilitated by reductions in maternal peripheral insulin sensitivity, which enables glucose to be available in the maternal circulation for transfer to the fetus for growth. To balance this process and avoid excessive hyperglycaemia and glucose intolerance in the mother during pregnancy, maternal pancreatic β-cells undergo remarkable changes in their function including increasing their proliferation and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Read More

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2021 Mar 11;9(3):e26091. Epub 2021 Mar 11.

Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.

Background: Excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) during pregnancy is a major public health concern associated with negative health outcomes for both mother and child. Scalable interventions are needed, and digital interventions have the potential to reach many women and promote healthy GWG. Most previous studies of digital interventions have been small pilot studies or have not included women from all BMI categories. Read More

Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2021 Mar;60(2):262-265

Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland.

Objective: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is related to many complications of pregnancy. The aim of the study was the assessment of cervical colonization in GDM patients and its correlation with inappropriate glycaemic control and gestational weight gain (GWG).

Materials And Methods: The study included 483 women with GDM in a singleton pregnancy who delivered at term. Read More

Gynecol Obstet Fertil Senol 2021 Mar 4. Epub 2021 Mar 4.

Hospices Civils de Lyon, Département de gynécologie obstétrique, Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire, 59, boulevard Pinel, 69500 Bron, France; Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, HESPER EA 7425, 69008 Lyon, France. Electronic address:

Background: While previous studies have demonstrated an improvement in implementation of clinical practices and an improved neonatal prognosis when growth restricted fetuses were followed within a standardized healthcare pathway, the objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of obstetric interventions in small-for-gestational-age (SGA) fetuses followed within a standardized care pathway compared to a traditional care pathway.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study between 2015 and 2017, in a type III maternity hospital in Lyon, in a population of SGA fetuses, considered as such in case of antenatal diagnosis of fetal weight<10th percentile but>3rd centile without umbilical Doppler abnormality during antenatal surveillance and without ultrasound argument suggesting intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). We collected the gestational age at diagnosis, obstetrical events and prevention of preterm delivery (antenatal corticosteroids), gestation age at birth, the method of delivery (spontaneous or induced), indication of induction, the method of birth (spontaneous, instrumental extraction or caesarean section), and the immediate neonatal outcome including cord pH, Apgar score at 5minutes, birth weight and fetal sex. Read More

Clin Obes 2021 Mar 6:e12446. Epub 2021 Mar 6.

Exercise Psychology Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA.

Women with excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) are at risk for poor psychosocial well-being and postpartum weight retention (PPWR). Scant research has examined longitudinal interrelations of GWG, psychosocial factors, and PPWR. This study examined: (a) pre-pregnancy weight status (ie, normal, overweight, obesity) differences in PPWR and its psychosocial determinants (perceived social support, perceived stress, depression) in women with excessive GWG (ie, above 2009 Institute of Medicine guidelines); and (b) whether GWG mediated associations between psychosocial determinants and PPWR. Read More