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Microorganisms 2021 Jun 29;9(7). Epub 2021 Jun 29.

Laboratorio de RNAs Bacterianos, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago 8370186, Chile.

causes outbreaks of enteric redmouth disease in salmon aquaculture all over the world. The transient antibiotic tolerance exhibited by bacterial persisters is commonly thought to be responsible for outbreaks; however, the molecular factors underlying this behavior have not been explored in . In this study, we investigated the participation of the RNA chaperone Hfq from in antibiotic persistence. Read More

BMC Genomics 2021 Apr 22;22(1):292. Epub 2021 Apr 22.

College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 150030, Harbin, China.

Background: Yersinia ruckeri is a pathogen that can cause enteric redmouth disease in salmonid species, damaging global production of economically important fish including rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Herein, we conducted the transcriptomic profiling of spleen samples from rainbow trout at 24 h post-Y. ruckeri infection via RNA-seq in an effort to more fully understand their immunological responses. Read More

Biology (Basel) 2021 Feb 22;10(2). Epub 2021 Feb 22.

Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan.

To uncover the relationship between skin bacterial flora and pathogen infection, we developed a percutaneous infection model using zebrafish and a pathogen causing enteric redmouth disease in salmon and in trout. Pathogen challenge, either alone or together with pricking by a small needle, did not cause infection of the fish. However, cold stress given by water temperature shift from the optimum 28 °C for zebrafish to 20 °C caused fatal infection of injured fish following pathogen challenge. Read More

Mar Drugs 2021 Jan 29;19(2). Epub 2021 Jan 29.

Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.

Bio-nanotechnology employing bio-sourced nanomaterial is an emerging avenue serving the field of fish medicine. Marine-sourced chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) is a well-known antimicrobial and immunomodulatory reagent with low or no harm side effects on fish or their human consumers. In this study, in vitro skin mucus and serum antibacterial activity assays along with intestinal histology, histochemical, and gene expression analyses were performed to evaluate the impact of dietary CSNPs (5 g kg dry feed) on rainbow trout resistance against 'enteric redmouth' disease. Read More

Sci Rep 2021 Feb 10;11(1):3493. Epub 2021 Feb 10.

Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Sir Graeme Davies Building, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK.

Yersinia ruckeri is the causative agent of enteric redmouth disease (ERM) which causes economically significant losses in farmed salmonids, especially Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum). However, very little is known about the genetic relationships of disease-causing isolates in these two host species or about factors responsible for disease. Phylogenetic analyses of 16 representative isolates based on the nucleotide sequences of 19 housekeeping genes suggests that pathogenic Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout isolates represent distinct host-specific lineages. Read More

Microb Pathog 2021 Jan 24;150:104694. Epub 2020 Dec 24.

G.B Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 159, Prosp. 100 Let Vladivostoku, Vladivostok, 690022, Russian Federation.

Bacterium Yersinia ruckeri as a pathogen induces causative agent of intestinal fish disease called enteric redmouth disease (ERM) is known. In this study, outer membrane OmpF porin from the Y. ruckeri (YrOmpF) has been identified as a pathogenic factor which affects host macrophage activation and life cycle of eukaryotic cells. Read More

Sci Rep 2020 10 12;10(1):16993. Epub 2020 Oct 12.

Preventive Veterinary Microbiology, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.

Enteric redmouth disease caused by the bacterial pathogen Yersinia ruckeri is the main reason for antimicrobial prescription, and a cause of substantial economic losses and decreased animal welfare in aquaculture. Given the importance of the intestinal microbiota in digestion and disease, our aim was to investigate whether synbiotic feed supplementation strategies could improve feed performance and disease resistance. Four experimental synbiotic feeds formulated with pre- and probiotics were tested against a commercially available probiotic control feed. Read More

Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020 Oct 30;105:16-23. Epub 2020 Jun 30.

Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.

Enteric redmouth disease (ERM), caused by the Gram negative enterobacterium Yersinia ruckeri, affects farming of salmonids, but vaccination against ERM confers a certain degree of protection dependent on the administration route. Recent studies on oral vaccination of rainbow trout suggest that immunological tolerance may be induced by primary immunization using a low antigen dosage. We have examined if low dosages of Y. Read More

Viruses 2020 06 5;12(6). Epub 2020 Jun 5.

Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Medicum, Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 UH Helsinki, Finland.

YerA41 is a bacteriophage that was originally isolated due its ability to infect bacteria, the causative agent of enteric redmouth disease of salmonid fish. Several attempts to determine its genomic DNA sequence using traditional and next generation sequencing technologies failed, indicating that the phage genome is modified in such a way that it is an unsuitable template for PCR amplification and for conventional sequencing. To determine the YerA41 genome sequence, we performed RNA-sequencing from phage-infected cells at different time points post-infection. Read More

Environ Microbiol 2020 07 17;22(7):2939-2955. Epub 2020 May 17.

Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0316, Oslo, Norway.

Yersinia ruckeri causes enteric redmouth disease (ERM) that mainly affects salmonid fishes and leads to significant economic losses in the aquaculture industry. An increasing number of outbreaks and the lack of effective vaccines against some serotypes necessitates novel measures to control ERM. Importantly, Y. Read More

Vet Res 2020 Mar 20;51(1):45. Epub 2020 Mar 20.

Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.

Yersinia ruckeri is a facultative intracellular enterobacterium mostly known as the causative agent of enteric redmouth disease in salmonid fish. In the present study, we applied RNA inhibition to silence twenty pre-selected genes on the genome of a fish cell line (CHSE-214) followed by a gentamicin assay to quantify the effect of silencing on the cells' susceptibility to infection and found that silencing of 18 out of 20 genes significantly reduced the number of Y. ruckeri recovered. Read More

PeerJ 2020 4;8:e8706. Epub 2020 Mar 4.

Preventive Veterinary Microbiology, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences , University of Copenhagen, Denmark, Frederiksberg, Denmark.

Whether through direct supplementation of bacteria or by prebiotic supplementation thought to favour subsets of bacteria, modulation of gut microbiota constitutes an important and promising alternative to the use of prophylactic and growth promoting antibiotics in worldwide aquaculture. We fed a commercial base feed, alone or supplemented with either proprietary β-glucan, β-glucan and organic acids, citrus flavonoid or yeast cell wall supplements, to rainbow trout over a period of four weeks. Fish from each feed group were then subjected to experimental, waterborne infection with O1 biotype 2. Read More

J Fish Dis 2019 Dec 15;42(12):1687-1696. Epub 2019 Oct 15.

Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Funcional, Facultad de Medicina, IUBA, Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.

Bacterial antibiotic resistance is one of the main healthcare problems currently. Apart from reducing antibiotic efficacy, it has awakened the interest of scientists due to its association with bacterial fitness and virulence. Interestingly, antibiotic resistance can be a source of both increased fitness and decreased fitness, even though the molecular basis of these relationships remains unknown. Read More

Genes (Basel) 2019 09 11;10(9). Epub 2019 Sep 11.

Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway.

is the causative agent of enteric redmouth disease, a bacterial infection of marine and freshwater fish. The disease mainly affects salmonids, and outbreaks have significant economic impact on fish farms all over the world. Vaccination routines are in place against the major serotypes of but are not effective in all cases. Read More

Vet Res 2019 Jul 17;50(1):54. Epub 2019 Jul 17.

Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.

Yersinia ruckeri is the causative agent of enteric redmouth disease in salmonids. In fish, the intestine represents an important site of nutrient uptake, host-pathogen interactions, and defense. The posterior intestine can be inflamed, reddened, and filled with an opaque, yellowish fluid during Y. Read More

Transbound Emerg Dis 2019 May 9;66(3):1387-1394. Epub 2019 Apr 9.

BIOEPAR, INRA, Nantes, France.

Yersina ruckeri is an enterobacteria responsible for Enteric redmouth disease (ERM), which causes significant economic losses in the aquaculture industry worldwide. Two biotypes have been described within Y. ruckeri: biotype 1 (BT1) and biotype 2 (BT2). Read More

J Proteomics 2019 05 1;199:135-147. Epub 2019 Mar 1.

Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, Sir Graeme Davies Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8TA, UK. Electronic address:

Yersinia ruckeri is the aetiological agent of enteric redmouth (ERM) disease and is responsible for significant economic losses in farmed salmonids. Enteric redmouth disease is associated primarily with rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum) but its incidence in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is increasing. Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of Gram-negative bacteria are located at the host-pathogen interface and play important roles in virulence. Read More

Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018 30;8:373. Epub 2018 Oct 30.

Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.

Enteric redmouth disease caused by the pathogen is a significant problem for fish farming around the world. Despite its importance, only a few virulence factors of have been identified and studied in detail. Here, we report and analyze the complete DNA sequence of pYR4, a plasmid from a highly pathogenic Norwegian isolate, sequenced using PacBio SMRT technology. Read More

Sci Rep 2018 09 18;8(1):13998. Epub 2018 Sep 18.

Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.

Yersinia ruckeri is the causative agent of enteric redmouth disease in salmonids. Head kidney and spleen are major lymphoid organs of the teleost fish where antigen presentation and immune defense against microbes take place. We investigated proteome alteration in head kidney and spleen of the rainbow trout following Y. Read More

J Fish Dis 2018 Sep 16;41(9):1429-1438. Epub 2018 Jul 16.

Laboratory of Aquaculture and Artemia Reference Center, Department of Animal Production, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.

Five N-acyl homoserine lactone-degrading bacteria (quorum quenching (QQ) strains) were selected to evaluate their impacts on growth, virulence factors and biofilm formation in Yersinia ruckeri in vitro. No difference was observed among the growth pattern of Y. ruckeri in monoculture and coculture with the QQ strains. Read More

Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018 26;8:218. Epub 2018 Jun 26.

Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Funcional, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Biotecnología de Asturias (IUBA), Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.

Finding the keys to understanding the infectious process of was not a priority for many years due to the prompt development of an effective biotype 1 vaccine which was used mainly in Europe and USA. However, the gradual emergence of outbreaks in vaccinated fish, which have been reported since 2003, has awakened interest in the mechanism of virulence in this pathogen. Thus, during the last two decades, a large number of studies have considerably enriched our knowledge of many aspects of the pathogen and its interaction with the host. Read More

Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019 Feb 31;85:61-65. Epub 2017 Oct 31.

Department of Veterinary and Animal Science, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.

Vaccination of rainbow trout against Enteric Redmouth Disease (ERM) caused by Yersinia ruckeri can be successfully performed by administering vaccine (a bacterin consisting of formalin killed bacteria) by immersion, bath or injection. Booster immunization is known to increase the protection of fish already primed by one of these vaccination methods. Oral vaccination of trout (administering vaccine in feed) is an even more convenient way of presenting antigen to the fish but the effect of an oral booster has not previously been described in detail. Read More

Vet Res 2017 09 20;48(1):55. Epub 2017 Sep 20.

Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria.

Yersinia ruckeri is the causative agent of enteric redmouth disease (ERM) of salmonids. There is little information regarding the proteomics of Y. ruckeri. Read More

Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019 Feb 27;85:18-30. Epub 2017 Jul 27.

Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB24 2TZ, UK. Electronic address:

Enteric redmouth disease (ERM or yersiniosis) is one of the most important diseases of salmonids and leads to significant economic losses. It is caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Yersinia ruckeri but can be controlled by bacterin vaccination. The first commercial ERM vaccine was licenced in 1976 and is one of the most significant and successful health practices within the aquaculture industry. Read More

Genome Announc 2016 Dec 1;4(6). Epub 2016 Dec 1.

Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biología Funcional, IUBA, Universidad de Oviedo, Spain

We present here the draft genome of a pathogenic Yersinia ruckeri strain, isolated from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) affected by enteric redmouth disease. The chromosome has 3,826,775 bp, a GC content of 46.88%, and is predicted to contain 3,538 coding sequences. Read More

Vet Res 2016 10 6;47(1):100. Epub 2016 Oct 6.

Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.

Yersinia ruckeri is the causative agent of enteric redmouth disease of fish that causes significant economic losses, particularly in salmonids. Bacterial pathogens differentially express proteins in the host during the infection process, and under certain environmental conditions. Iron is an essential nutrient for many cellular processes and is involved in host sensing and virulence regulation in many bacteria. Read More

Appl Environ Microbiol 2016 10 16;82(19):5785-94. Epub 2016 Sep 16.

Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

Unlabelled: Yersinia ruckeri is the etiological agent of enteric redmouth (ERM) disease of farmed salmonids. Enteric redmouth disease is traditionally associated with rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum), but its incidence in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) is increasing. Yersinia ruckeri isolates recovered from diseased Atlantic salmon have been poorly characterized, and very little is known about the relationship of the isolates associated with these two species. Read More

Fish Shellfish Immunol 2016 Feb 4;49:420-6. Epub 2016 Jan 4.

Research Division, Clear Springs Foods, Inc., PO Box 712, Buhl, ID 83316, USA.

Enteric redmouth disease (ERM), caused by Yersinia ruckeri, has been controlled successfully using immersion-applied bacterin vaccines for several decades. While the host response to vaccination and the mechanism of protection of this vaccine have been elucidated, the bacterial components eliciting protection have remained unclear. Here we show that highly purified serotype O1 Y. Read More

Front Microbiol 2015 29;6:1198. Epub 2015 Oct 29.

Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, CIBUS, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela, Spain.

Phylogeographic patterns and population genetic structure of Yersinia ruckeri, the pathological agent of enteric redmouth disease (ERM) in salmonids, were investigated on the basis of concatenated multiloci sequences from isolates of different phenotypes obtained between 1965 and 2009 from diverse areas and hosts. Sequence analyses revealed genetic differentiation among subpopulations with the largest genetic distance occurring between subpopulations of Europe and Canada and/or South America. Bayesian analysis indicated the presence of three ancestral population clusters. Read More

Dis Aquat Organ 2015 Oct;116(3):243-9

Fish Disease Research Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany.

Enteric redmouth disease (ERM), caused by Yersinia ruckeri, is among the most important infectious diseases in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss aquaculture in Europe. Our aim was to analyse the persistence of Y. ruckeri strains in trout farms in northwest Germany and their dissemination between farms based on a detailed molecular and phenotypical characterisation scheme. Read More