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Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2021 Apr 20. Epub 2021 Apr 20.

Department of Medical chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.

Localized and sustained delivery of DNA using biomaterial scaffolds would increase the applicability of gene therapy in cancer treatment and tissue engineering. The most promising approach is the application of hydrogel scaffolds to encapsulate and deliver DNA in the form of nanocomplex to the target sites. In the present work, histidine conjugated trimethylated chitosan (HTMC) was synthesized and nanocomplexes fabricated with pDNA at different N/P ratios. Read More

Semin Thromb Hemost 2021 Apr 20. Epub 2021 Apr 20.

Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.

Worldwide, traumatic injury is responsible for over 5 million deaths per year, the majority due to exsanguination and head injury. The antifibrinolytic drug tranexamic acid is the only drug proven to reduce deaths after traumatic injury. Several large randomized controlled trials have provided high-quality evidence of its effectiveness and safety in trauma patients. Read More

Endocr Relat Cancer 2021 Apr 1. Epub 2021 Apr 1.

H Morreau, Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.

Finding targetable gene fusions can expand the limited treatment options in radioactive iodine-refractory (RAI-r) thyroid cancer. To that end, we established a novel cell line 'JVE404' derived from an advanced RAI-r papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) patient, harboring an EML4-ALK gene fusion variant 3 (v3). Different EML4-ALK gene fusions can have different clinical repercussions. Read More

Stem Cell Res 2021 Apr 5;53:102316. Epub 2021 Apr 5.

Department of Nephrology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing 100853, China. Electronic address:

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from a healthy male individual. PBMCs were reprogrammed into human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) using plasmids carrying the following reprogramming factors: NANOG, LIN28, OCT4, SOX2, c-MYC, and KLF4. This cell line expressed pluripotency markers, exhibited the normal male karyotype (46, XY), and had the potential to differentiate into 3 germ layers, as confirmed by techniques such as flow cytometry. Read More

Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2021 Mar 24;38:100392. Epub 2021 Mar 24.

Division of Clinical Pharmacokinetics, Keio University Faculty of Pharmacy, Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 105-8512, Japan.

The absolute oral bioavailability (BA) of drugs are yet to be determined, and intravenous pharmacokinetic studies are currently considered indispensable for determining the BA values of oral drugs. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a novel approach to estimating BA values without intravenous pharmacokinetic data. Based on the drug inclusion criteria, such as exhibiting a urinary recovery rate of (R) of ≥20% in a clinical study, 13 drugs were included in the present study, and pharmacokinetic data for them were collected from the literature. Read More

Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2021 Jan 30;38:100385. Epub 2021 Jan 30.

Division of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045, Japan; Department of Medical Oncology and Translational Research, Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan. Electronic address:

The concentration and distribution of a drug and its metabolites in tissues are key factors for elucidating both drug efficacy and toxicity in drug development. In this study we developed a pharamaco-imaging procedure for 12 agents and investigated the relationship between the properties of target compounds and the sensitivities of detection in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometer imaging (MALDI-MSI). We prepared mock samples with mouse liver homogenates diluted with gelatin solution, limit of detection concentrations of each compound was confirmed. Read More

Phytochemistry 2021 Apr 17;187:112766. Epub 2021 Apr 17.

Department of Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.

Avicennia marina is a widely distributed mangrove species with high tolerance to salt, oxidative stress and heavy metals. In the preset work, we found that superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increases in Avicennia marina leaves in response to salt and hydrogen peroxide. Monitoring the SOD using Western blot analysis revealed that the accumulation of SOD increased in response to hydrogen peroxide but not in response to salinity stress. Read More

Addict Behav 2021 Mar 8;119:106897. Epub 2021 Mar 8.

Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, Aarhus University, Denmark.

Aims: To estimate the prevalence of parental substance use disorder (PSUD) in the general population based on young adults' reports adjusted for non-participation using register-based indicators of PSUD.

Design: A national sample survey study combined with a retrospective register-based study. Setting Denmark. Read More

Epilepsy Res 2021 Apr 14;174:106641. Epub 2021 Apr 14.

Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, WenZhou, China. Electronic address:

Objective: Epilepsy is a common complication in glioma patients after undergoing brain tumor surgery combined with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Whether antiepileptic drug prophylaxis could be used in these patients remains an open question. The purpose of this study was to produce a model for predicting the risk of epilepsy occurrence in such patients. Read More

Drug Alcohol Depend 2021 Apr 14;223:108698. Epub 2021 Apr 14.

School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, T12 XF62, Ireland; Department of Public Health HSE-South, St. Finbarr's Hospital, Cork, T12XH60, Ireland. Electronic address:

Background: Alcohol consumption is a major public health concern in Ireland. Alcohol use disorder (AUD) disproportionately affects men who have sex with men (MSM). However, little is known about the prevalence of AUD in this group in Ireland specifically, and the characteristics of MSM who may struggle with this. Read More

Eur J Med Chem 2021 Apr 7;219:113433. Epub 2021 Apr 7.

Key Laboratory of Preclinical Study for New Drugs of Gansu Province, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, West Donggang Road 199, Lanzhou, 730000, China. Electronic address:

Due to the threat of escalating multi-drug resistant gram-negative bacteria to human health and life, novel antimicrobial agents against gram-negative pathogens are urgently needed. As antimicrobial peptides are not prone to induce bacteria resistance, they are believed to be one kind of promising class of potential antimicrobial agent candidates to combat multi-drug resistant bacteria for long-term use. Jelleine-1, first isolated from the royal jelly of honeybees, is a typical amphiphilic antimicrobial peptide and shows broad antimicrobial spectrum and negligible toxicity. Read More

Eur J Med Chem 2021 Apr 17;219:113442. Epub 2021 Apr 17.

Department of Studies in Chemistry, Manasagangotri, University of Mysore, Mysuru, 570006, India. Electronic address:

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is becoming dangerous to human beings due to easy transmission mode and leading to the difficult-to-treat situation. The rapid resistance development of MRSA to many approved antibiotics is of major concern. There is a lot of scope to develop novel, efficient, specific, and nontoxic drug candidates to fight against MRSA isolates. Read More

Cancer Treat Rev 2021 Apr 9;97:102205. Epub 2021 Apr 9.

Division of New Drugs and Early Drug Development, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Departement of Hematology and Oncology (DIPO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy. Electronic address:

The role of adjuvant chemotherapy (aCT) for patients with localized lobular breast cancer (ILC) is still controversial. It is unclear what is the magnitude of benefit of the CT in this setting. In this systematic review of the literature and metanalysis, we aimed to estimate the benefit of aCT in addition to the standard treatments in the early ILC setting. Read More

Horm Behav 2021 Apr 17;131:104981. Epub 2021 Apr 17.

Division of Science, Indiana University-Purdue University, Columbus, Columbus, IN, United States of America.

Oxytocin (OT) is a critical regulator of multiple facets of energy homeostasis, including brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis. Nevertheless, it is unclear what, if any, consequence the thermoregulatory and metabolic effects of OT have for the display of social behavior in adult rodents. Here, we examine the contribution of the OT receptor (OTR) and β adrenergic receptor (βAR) to the increase in body temperature that typically accompanies social interaction (i. Read More

Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2021 Apr 17;16:1-8. Epub 2021 Apr 17.

Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA. Electronic address:

Treatment of parasitic nematode infections depends primarily on the use of anthelmintics. However, this drug arsenal is limited, and resistance against most anthelmintics is widespread. Emodepside is a new anthelmintic drug effective against gastrointestinal and filarial nematodes. Read More

Clin Microbiol Infect 2021 Apr 17. Epub 2021 Apr 17.

Schaeffer Center for Health Policy & Economics, University of Southern California; Department of Pharmaceutical & Health Economics, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California.

Objectives: Treatment of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) has undergone significant change in recent years with the introduction of fidaxomicin and bezlotoxumab. This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of fidaxomicin and bezlotoxumab for initial CDI compared to standard therapy with oral vancomycin.

Methods: A Markov model with 8 health states was built based on transition probabilities, costs, and health utilities derived from literature to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of standard fidaxomicin, bezlotoxumab plus vancomycin, and extended-pulsed fidaxomicin vs. Read More

Acta Biomater 2021 Apr 17. Epub 2021 Apr 17.

Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, P.R. China. Electronic address:

Geometry and mechanical property have emerged as important parameters in designing nanocarriers, in addition to their size, surface charge, and hydrophilicity. However, inconsistent and even contradictory demands regarding the shape and stiffness of nanoparticles have been noted in blood circulation, tumor accumulation, and tumor cell internalization. Herein, CaCO nanorods (NRs) with an aspect ratio of around 2. Read More

Acta Biomater 2021 Apr 17. Epub 2021 Apr 17.

School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, Institute of Polymer Science in Chemical Engineering, Shenzhen Research Institute, Xi'an Jiao Tong University, Xi'an, China, 714049. Electronic address:

Gene therapy based on transfection of RNAs/DNAs offers tremendous promise for tumor treatment. However, the relatively weak therapeutic efficiency of current genetic nanohybrids in vivo has limited the application of this strategy. Herein, we fabricated multifunctional core-shell-corona nanohybrids by combining cascaded theranostics for enhanced gene therapy. Read More

Acta Biomater 2021 Apr 17. Epub 2021 Apr 17.

Laboratory of Tissue Biology and Therapeutic Engineering, UMR5305 CNRS/UCBL, 7 passage du Vercors, 69367 Lyon cedex 07, France. Electronic address:

The sublingual mucosa is an appealing route for drug administration. However, in the context of increased use of therapeutic proteins, development of protein delivery systems that will protect the protein bioactivity is needed. As proteins are fragile and complex molecules, current sublingual formulations of proteins are in liquid dosage. Read More

Int J Infect Dis 2021 Apr 17. Epub 2021 Apr 17.

Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran. Electronic address:

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has called an urgent need for drug repurposing to improve the outcome of the disease. Quaternary ammonium compounds have been demonstrated to have antiviral effects and may be of use against SARS-CoV-2 infections.

Design: In this double-blind, single-center study, we enrolled patients with positive PCR test and/or CT findings for COVID-19. Read More

J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2021 Apr 17. Epub 2021 Apr 17.

Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.

In the setting of an acute cutaneous adverse drug reaction (CADR) there is increasing interest in selected phenotypes and hosts to continue drug therapy, especially in settings where there are limited therapeutic options. This concept of "treating through", defined as the continued use of a drug in the setting of, in particular maculopapular exanthema (MPE), potentially avoids unnecessary drug discontinuation. A review of the recent literature, historical viewpoints and expert opinion are provided within to form recommendations and algorithms for a "treating through" approach. Read More

Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2021 Apr 17:103661. Epub 2021 Apr 17.

Biology Department & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal. Electronic address:

A vast literature has already demonstrated that pharmaceutical drugs exert negative impacts on aquatic organisms but data is sparse on the occurrence of these contaminants in marine aquatic environments and their biota, particularly in comparison with freshwater systems. Marine bivalves are good bioindicator species for environmental pollution monitoring. This review summarizes the current knowledge on carbamazepine (CBZ) concentrations in the marine environment (seawater and bivalves) and the analytical methods involved in the drug determination. Read More

Pharmacol Res 2021 Apr 17:105618. Epub 2021 Apr 17.

Inflammation Pharmacology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, J&K, India-180001; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad-201002, India. Electronic address:

The use of biologically active compounds derived from plants i.e. phytochemicals, have been known for ages for their pharmacological activities in the treatment of autoimmune disorders like rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Read More

Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021 Apr 17. Epub 2021 Apr 17.

U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.

A pediatric formulation workshop entitled "Pediatric Formulations: Challenges of Today and Strategies for Tomorrow" was held to advance pediatric drug product development efforts in both pre-competitive and competitive environments. The workshop had four main sessions discussing key considerations of Formulation, Analytical, Clinical and Regulatory. This paper focuses on the clinical session of the workshop. Read More

Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021 Apr 17. Epub 2021 Apr 17.

National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China; Key Laboratory for Green Pharmaceutical Technologies and Related Equipment of Ministry of Education, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China. Electronic address:

Natural compounds as carriers for hydrophobic drugs have been increasingly used in drug delivery systems. In this study, disodium glycyrrhizin (NaGA), tannic acid (TA) and camptothecin (CPT) were firstly used to prepare the camptothecin solid dispersion (CPT SD). When dissolved in a solution medium, NaGA self-assembled to form micelles and CPT was encapsulated in micelles, meanwhile, TA connected with NaGA through hydrogen bonds to form a contract shell. Read More

Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021 Apr 17. Epub 2021 Apr 17.

U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, United States. Electronic address:

A workshop on "Pediatric Formulation Development: Challenges of Today and Strategies for Tomorrow" was organized jointly by the University of Maryland's Center of Excellence in Regulatory Science and Innovation (M-CERSI), the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the International Consortium for Innovation and Quality in Pharmaceutical Development (IQ) Drug Product Pediatric Working Group (PWG). Read More

J Ethnopharmacol 2021 Apr 17:114118. Epub 2021 Apr 17.

Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300139, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute for Food and Drug Control, Shanghai, 201203, China. Electronic address:

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Realgar, a famous traditional Chinese mineral medicine, has been toxic to the renal system. However, the underlying mechanism of Realgar nephrotoxicity is still unclear.

Aim Of The Study: This study aimed to investigate the potential mechanism of Realgar-induced nephrotoxicity by using a label-free quantitative proteomic method. Read More