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Adv Nutr 2021 Apr 19. Epub 2021 Apr 19.

Institute of Health Economics and Health Care Management, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.

Simulation modeling can be useful to estimate the long-term health and economic impacts of population-based dietary policies. We conducted a systematic scoping review following the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) guideline to map and critically appraise economic evaluations of population-based dietary policies using simulation models. We searched Medline, Embase, and EconLit for studies published in English after 2005. Read More

Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2021 Apr 19:1-7. Epub 2021 Apr 19.

Purpose: Considerable interindividual heterogeneity has been observed in endurance performance responses following induction of a ketogenic diet (KD). It is plausible that a physiological stress response in the period following the dramatic dietary shift associated with transition to a KD may explain this heterogeneity.

Methods: In a randomized, crossover study design, 8 trained male runners completed an incremental exercise test and ran to exhaustion at 70%VO2max before and after a 31-day rigorously controlled habitual diet or KD intervention, and recorded heart rate variability (root mean square of the sum of successive differences in R-R intervals [rMSSD]) upon waking each morning along with the recovery-stress questionnaire for athletes each week. Read More

Exp Gerontol 2021 Apr 16:111358. Epub 2021 Apr 16.

Department of Geriatric Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. Electronic address:

Introduction: Sarcopenia is the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function. It is a major health issue in old age due to lack of understanding of the origin and molecular mechanism. Altered dietary pattern, sedentary lifestyle and physical inactivity have shown adverse effect of skeletal muscle function. Read More

Neurochem Int 2021 Apr 16:105046. Epub 2021 Apr 16.

Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10468. Electronic address:

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is by far the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease of aging and is a major burden for patients, caregivers, and the overall health care system. The complexity of AD pathophysiology and the lack of deep understanding of disease mechanisms impeded the development of AD therapy. Currently approved treatments for AD only modestly improve cognitive function but do not modify disease course. Read More

Am J Med 2021 Apr 16. Epub 2021 Apr 16.

Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH; Center for Microbiome and Human Health, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland OH. Electronic address:

Background: Choline is a dietary precursor to the gut microbial generation of the pro-thrombotic and pro-atherogenic metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO). Eggs are rich in choline, yet the impact of habitual egg consumption on TMAO levels and platelet function in human subjects remains unclear.

Methods: Healthy volunteers (41% male, 81% Caucasian, median age 28) with normal renal function (eGFR>60) were recruited and assigned to one of five daily interventions for four weeks: (i) hardboiled eggs (N=18); (ii) choline bitartrate supplements (N=20); (iii) hardboiled eggs + choline bitartrate supplements (N=16); (iv) egg whites + choline bitartrate supplements (N=18); (v) phosphatidylcholine supplements (N=10). Read More

Mol Carcinog 2021 Apr 19. Epub 2021 Apr 19.

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Mesothelioma is a highly aggressive cancer of the mesothelial lining that is caused by exposure to asbestos. Surgical resection followed by chemotherapy is the current treatment strategy, but this is marginally successful and leads to drug-resistant disease. We are interested in factors that maintain the aggressive mesothelioma cancer phenotype as therapy targets. Read More

PLoS One 2021 19;16(4):e0250257. Epub 2021 Apr 19.

Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.

To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for investigating the effect of dietary treatment and fluid intake on the prevention of recurrent calcium stones and changes in urine composition. PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, EBSCO, and Cochrane Library databases (updated November 2020) were searched for studies with the following keywords: diet, fluid, recurrent, prevention, randomized controlled trials, and nephrolithiasis. The search strategy and study selection process was conducted by following the PRISMA statement. Read More

J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2021 Apr 16. Epub 2021 Apr 16.

Department of Pediatrics, Ospedale dei bambini V. Buzzi, Milan, Italy Department of Health Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom.

Abstract: Immune maturation and response to inflammation depend on good nutritional status. Protein and amino acid deficiencies can compromise innate and adaptive immune functions, particularly following injury or during illness. Dietary omega-3 long chain fatty acids, prebiotics and micronutrients are beneficial to the immune system. Read More

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2021 Apr 14. Epub 2021 Apr 14.

Population Health Research Institute, St George's University of London, London, GB.

Background: Patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) experience abdominal pain, altered bowel habits, and defecation-related anxiety which can result in reduced productivity and impaired health related quality of life (HRQL). Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) has been shown to reduce symptoms of IBS and to improve HRQL, but access to qualified therapists is limited. Smartphone-based digital therapeutic interventions have the potential to increase access to guided CBT at scale but require careful study to assess their benefits and risks. Read More

Childs Nerv Syst 2021 Apr 19. Epub 2021 Apr 19.

Department of Pediatrics, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.

Background: Both corpus callosotomy (CC) and the ketogenic diet (KD) are commonly used in patients with Lennox Gastaut syndrome (LGS), as a significant proportion of these patients develop pharmacoresistant epilepsy. But no systematic review has yet compared the efficacy and safety of these two measures.

Methods: We conducted a systematic search on various databases to collating all available literature until 30th November 2020 with a primary objective to compare the efficacy of KD and CC in terms of the proportion of patients with complete seizure freedom, at least 75% and 50% reduction in seizure frequency at various time points after the institution of these modalities. Read More

Am J Clin Nutr 2021 Apr 19. Epub 2021 Apr 19.

Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.

Background: Asthma has become one of the major public health challenges, and recent studies show promising clinical benefits of dietary interventions, such as the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet.

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine whether changes in diet quality are associated with changes in inflammatory markers important in asthma pathophysiology.

Methods: In this exploratory study in patients with poorly controlled asthma participating in a randomized controlled trial of a DASH intervention study, changes in concentrations of a broad panel of serum proteins (51-plex Luminex assay, Affymetrix) were determined, and their relation to diet quality (DASH score) assessed by combining data of both intervention and usual-care control groups. Read More

Am J Clin Nutr 2021 Apr 19. Epub 2021 Apr 19.

Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.

Background: Diets combining adequate nutritional quality and low climate impact are highly needed for human and planet health.

Objectives: We aimed to 1) evaluate nutrient density indexes' ability to predict mortality, and 2) assess the effects of diets varying in nutrient density and climate impact on total mortality.

Methods: Dietary data from 49,124 women and 47,651 men aged 35-65 y in the population-based prospective study Västerbotten Intervention Programme (Sweden) were used. Read More

Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2021 Apr 16. Epub 2021 Apr 16.

Université de Paris INSERM UMRS1144 Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie Centre de Neurologie Cognitive/CMRR Paris Nord Ile de France, APHP Nord Université de Paris, Lariboisière Hospital, Paris, France.

Purpose Of Review: Ketogenic diets (KD) are validated treatments of pharmacoresistant epilepsy. Their interest in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been suggested, because ketone bodies may reduce neuroinflammation, improve neurotransmitters transport pathway, synaptic maintenance, and reduce brain β-amyloid deposition. In this updated review, we aimed at critically examining the evidence of the past 2 years regarding KD or ketogenic supplements (KS) on cognitive and biological/neuropathological outcomes. Read More

J Chin Med Assoc 2021 Apr 13. Epub 2021 Apr 13.

Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital Taoyuan Branch, Taiwan, ROC Health Care and Management Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC Division of Cardiology, Heart Center, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, and School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, I-Shou University and Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC Cardiology Division of Cardiovascular Medical Center and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital and Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC Mackay Memorial Hospital, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC Department of Cardiology, Buddhist Tzu-Chi General Hospital, Tzu-Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan, ROC Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine and Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Primary Care Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC Institute of Clinical Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.

Background: Lifestyle modification is suggested for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), but the impact of adherence to a healthy lifestyle remains undetermined. The aim of this study is to investigate the association of adherence to a healthy lifestyle with future outcomes and biochemical markers in CAD patients.

Methods: The Biosignature CAD study examined 716 CAD patients who underwent a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Read More

Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2021 Apr 19. Epub 2021 Apr 19.

Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, United States.

We recently reported that compared to males, female mice have increased hepatic mitochondrial respiratory capacity and are protected against high-fat diet-induced steatosis. Here we sought to determine the role of estrogen in hepatic mitochondrial function, steatosis, and bile acid metabolism in female mice, as well as investigate potential benefits of exercise in the absence or presence of estrogen via ovariectomy (OVX). Female C57BL mice (n=6 per group) were randomly assigned to sham surgery (Sham), ovariectomy (OVX), or OVX plus estradiol replacement therapy (OVX+Est). Read More

Int Angiol 2021 Apr 19. Epub 2021 Apr 19.

Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary.

Lipedema is a chronic feminine disease that causes abnormal fat deposition in lower limbs and occasionally upper limbs. Easy bruising and pain are common. Lipedema patients suffer from both physical and psychological disability. Read More

Nutr Diet 2021 Apr 18. Epub 2021 Apr 18.

Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Medical School, Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Aim: Dietary requirements for people on haemodialysis are complex and often poorly adhered to. Mobile phone text messaging offers a simple strategy to enhance current nutritional care. KIDNEYTEXT was a 6-month pilot randomised controlled trial that evaluated the feasibility and impact of mobile phone text messages to alter participants' dietary behaviours. Read More

Eur J Nutr 2021 Apr 19. Epub 2021 Apr 19.

Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.

Sleep Adv 2021 26;2(1):zpab004. Epub 2021 Mar 26.

School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA.

Study Objectives: The relationships between daytime sedentary behavior and that night's sleep and sleep and next day's sedentary behavior are unknown. The purpose of this analysis was to examine these potentially bidirectional associations.

Methods: This study was a secondary analysis of baseline data from an ecological momentary assessment study to determine the triggers for dietary lapses during a weight loss intervention. Read More

Front Artif Intell 2021 1;4:644712. Epub 2021 Apr 1.

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, PA, United States.

Malnutrition, including both undernutrition and obesity, is a significant problem in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In order to study malnutrition and develop effective intervention strategies, it is crucial to evaluate nutritional status in LMICs at the individual, household, and community levels. In a multinational research project supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, we have been using a wearable technology to conduct objective dietary assessment in sub-Saharan Africa. Read More

Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench 2021 ;14(1):8-16

Grigore T Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi, Romania.

Aim: The aim of this clinical audit was to assess patient-reported outcomes on the effect of dietary intervention, to enhance our understanding of possible treatment options in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

Background: A large number of food-related gastro-intestinal disorders have been attributed to IBS for decades.

Methods: Patient-reported outcomes from the records of 149 IBS patients treated at secondary and tertiary Gastroenterology outpatients in two UK hospitals between January 2014 and July 2016 were audited. Read More

Work 2021 Apr 14. Epub 2021 Apr 14.

Department of Public Health, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA.

Background: Worksite wellness programs have the ability to activate health promotion and stimulate behavior change.

Objective: To measure longitudinal associations between visits with a Registered Dietitian Nutritionist (RDN), as part of worksite wellness programs, on dietary and lifestyle behavior changes.

Methods: The study sample included 1,123 employees with 77 different worksite wellness programs across the United States from March to December 2017. Read More

Clin Exp Immunol 2021 Apr 18. Epub 2021 Apr 18.

Experimental Pathology Section, Department of Pathology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.

Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death from a single bacterial infectious agent and is one of the most relevant issues of public health. Another pandemic disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) that is estimated to affect half-billion people in the world. T2D is directly associated with obesity and a sedentary lifestyle and frequently associated with immunosuppression. Read More

J Hepatol 2021 Apr 15. Epub 2021 Apr 15.

Laboratory of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium. Electronic address:

Background And Aims: To evaluate the association between muscle mass and fatty infiltration and biopsy-assessed NAFLD in patients with obesity.

Materials And Methods: At inclusion (n=184) and 12 months after a dietary intervention (n=15) or a bariatric surgery (n=24), we evaluated NAFLD with liver biopsy, skeletal muscle mass index with computed tomography (CT-SMI) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA-SMI). We developed an index to evaluate absolute fat content in muscle (skeletal muscle fat index; SMFI) from CT-based psoas muscle density (SMFI). Read More

J Acad Nutr Diet 2021 Apr 14. Epub 2021 Apr 14.

The objective of this scoping review was to identify and characterize studies examining the effect of nutrition management interventions and effectiveness of medical nutrition therapy to improve nutrition-related outcomes in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes. An in-depth electronic search was conducted by a medical librarian in six databases: Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PsycINFO, The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Web of Science Core Collection. The literature search resulted in 5,122 records, and five records were identified through hand search. Read More

Oncol Rep 2021 May 13;45(5). Epub 2021 Apr 13.

Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.

Despite widespread interest in chemoprevention and therapy due to the high margin of safety of dietary natural compounds, clinical intervention with single agents has failed to yield the expected outcomes, mostly due to poor bioavailability and low potency. Combinations of natural agents with synergistic effects are gaining increasing attention. In the present study, and antitumor effects of a combination of two natural dietary agents, green tea epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and resveratrol were investigated. Read More

Nephrology (Carlton) 2021 Apr 17. Epub 2021 Apr 17.

Associate Professor in Public Health, Academic Unit of Primary Care and Population Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, Hampshire, United Kingdom.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a serious public health problem and its prevalence is growing in many countries, often related to issues resulting from the lifestyle in growing economies and the population's life expectancy. Nutritional therapy is a beneficial but still neglected strategy for preventing CKD and delaying disease progression. The aim of this study was to assess the association of dietary patterns with CKD development and progression. Read More

Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021 Apr 17. Epub 2021 Apr 17.

Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan.

Ubiquitin ligase Cbl-b play a critical role in non-loading-mediated skeletal muscle atrophy: Cbl-b ubiquitinates insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), an important insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling intermediate molecule, leading to its degradation and a resulting loss in muscle mass. We reported that intramuscular injection of a pentapeptide, DGpYMP, which acts as a mimic of the phosphorylation site in IRS-1, significantly inhibited denervation-induced skeletal muscle loss. In order to explore the possibility of the prevention of muscle atrophy by diet therapy, we examined the effects of oral administration of transgenic rice containing Cblin (Cbl-b inhibitor) peptide (DGYMP) on denervation-induced muscle mass loss in frogs. Read More

Int J Behav Med 2021 Apr 17. Epub 2021 Apr 17.

VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, USA.

Background: Interventions targeting weight-related experiential avoidance (EA) and disinhibited eating (DE) may also improve diet quality. Participants with overweight/obesity and DE who recently completed a behavioral weight-loss program were randomized to receive acceptance and commitment therapy or continued behavioral weight-loss treatment. In this secondary analysis, we explored (1) change in diet quality from baseline to 6-month follow-up (FU) and (2) whether weight-related EA at baseline and (3) change in weight-related EA during treatment were related to change in diet quality from baseline to FU. Read More

BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2021 Apr;9(1)

Institut für Diabetes-Technologie, Forschungs- und Entwicklungsgesellschaft mbH an der Universität Ulm, Ulm, Germany.

Introduction: Studies have shown beneficial effects of real-time continuous glucose monitoring (rtCGM) usage on clinical outcomes. The objective of this analysis was to identify which therapy adjustments were made by people with type 1 diabetes with impaired hypoglycemia awareness during rtCGM usage enabling reductions in the number of low glucose events observed in the HypoDE (Hypoglycemia in Deutschland) study.

Research Design And Methods: In the multicenter randomized controlled trial in people with type 1 diabetes on multiple daily injections with impaired hypoglycemia awareness, participants recorded their diabetes therapy in 7-day logbooks at baseline and at 6-month follow-up. Read More