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Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2021 Apr 16:104932. Epub 2021 Apr 16.

Cardno ChemRisk, 20 Stanwix Street, Suite 505, Pittsburgh, PA 15222.

Cobalt (Co) is an essential element with human exposure occurring from the diet, supplement ingestion, occupational sources, and medical devices. The European Chemical Agency (ECHA) recently voted to classify Co metal as a Reproductive Hazard Category 1B; presumed human reproductive toxicant due to adverse testicular effects in male rodents. A weight of evidence evaluation of the preclinical reproductive and developmental toxicity studies and available clinical data was performed to critically evaluate the relevance of this proposed classification for Co in medical devices. Read More

JMIR Form Res 2021 Apr 13;5(4):e23304. Epub 2021 Apr 13.

Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Background: Although many mobile health (mHealth) apps have evolved as support tools for self-management of breast cancer, limited studies have developed a comprehensive app and described the algorithms for personalized rehabilitation throughout the breast cancer care continuum.

Objective: This study aimed to develop a comprehensive mobile app and to describe an algorithm that adjusts personalized content to facilitate self-management throughout the breast cancer care continuum.

Methods: The development process of the modular mHealth app included the following 4 steps: (1) organizing expert teams, (2) defining evidence-based fundamental content and modules, (3) classifying user information for algorithms to personalize the content, and (4) creating the app platform and connectivity to digital health care devices. Read More

Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021 Apr 9:158942. Epub 2021 Apr 9.

Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 1A8.

Recent meta-analyses suggest that high eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) supplements may be beneficial in managing the symptoms of major depression. However, brain EPA levels are hundreds-fold lower than docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3), making the potential mechanisms of action of EPA in the brain less clear. Using a kinetic model the goal of this study was to determine how EPA impacts brain DHA levels. Read More

J Anim Ecol 2021 Apr 12. Epub 2021 Apr 12.

School of Biological Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.

Urbanisation and anthropogenic alteration of ecosystems has led to conflict between humans and wildlife. Such conflict is often observed in apex predators. Although human-wildlife conflict has been extensively studied, male / female differences in behaviour are rarely considered. Read More

Transl Behav Med 2021 Apr 10. Epub 2021 Apr 10.

Department of Behavioral Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

Mobile applications and paired devices allow individuals to self-monitor physical activity, dietary intake, and weight fluctuation concurrently. However, little is known regarding patterns of use of these self-monitoring technologies over time and their implications for weight loss. The objectives of this study were to identify distinct patterns of self-monitoring technology use and to investigate the associations between these patterns and weight change. Read More

Foods 2021 Mar 10;10(3). Epub 2021 Mar 10.

Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, via F. Delpino, n.1, 80137 Naples, Italy.

The common dentex ( (Linnaeus, 1758)) is an iconic fish in the Mediterranean diet. Due to its commercial and organoleptic importance, this sparid is highly appreciated in European markets and is often subjected to species substitution frauds. Comparative mitogenomics is a suitable approach for identifying new and effective barcode markers. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2021 Apr;100(13):e25312

Affifiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.

Background: Plaque psoriasis (PSO) is a common clinical chronic inflammatory skin disease. The incidence rate is increasing year by year due to the fast pace of work and unhealthy diet. Fire needle has been widely used in the treatment of PSO. Read More

Front Immunol 2021 11;12:621176. Epub 2021 Mar 11.

Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.

The versatility of the intrarenal immunologic micromilieu through dietary modification and the subsequent effects on susceptibility to ischemic acute kidney injury (AKI) are unclear. We investigated the effects of high-salt (HS) or high-fat (HF) diet on intrarenal immunologic micromilieu and development of ischemic AKI using murine ischemic AKI and human kidney-2 (HK-2) cell hypoxia models. Four different diet regimens [control, HF, HS, and high-fat diet with high-salt (HF+HS)] were provided individually to groups of 9-week-old male C57BL/6 mice for 1 or 6 weeks. Read More

J Clin Exp Hepatol 2021 Mar-Apr;11(2):239-253. Epub 2020 Jul 2.

Institute of Liver Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Medanta The Medicity, Gurgaon, Delhi (NCR), India.

The survival of liver transplantation (LT) recipients has been improved remarkably in short-term. The major causes of mortality in long-term include nonimmunological causes such as cardiovascular, de novo malignancy, chronic kidney disease, and recurrence of primary disease. Rejection-related mortality is rare in the long-term after LT. Read More

Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021 Apr 24;42:124-131. Epub 2021 Feb 24.

School of Biomedical Engineering & Health Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia; Medical Devices and Technology Centre (MEDITEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai 81310, Johor, Malaysia. Electronic address:

Background & Aims: Previous studies have shown that end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO) is lower with the presence of supraphysiological ketones as in the case of chronic ketogenic diet (KD) and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). This study aimed to determine changes in EtCO upon short term KD.

Methods: Healthy subjects were screened not to have conditions that exerts abnormal EtCO nor contraindicated for KD. Read More

Bioresour Technol 2021 Jun 17;330:124980. Epub 2021 Mar 17.

Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong. Electronic address:

The role of direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) on enhancement of methanogenesis has been studied. This mini-review updated the current researches on the potential role of DIET on enhanced performance for anaerobic digestion of organic substrates with effective strategies implemented. Since most experimental observations correlated with the DIET mechanism are yet to be consolidated, this article categorized and discussed the current experimental observations supporting DIET mechanism for methanogenesis, mainly based on those with supplement of carbon materials, from which the prospects and challenges for further studies to confirm the role of DIET in anaerobic digestion processes were highlighted. Read More

Psychooncology 2021 Mar 20. Epub 2021 Mar 20.

Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Objective: Although digital health tools (DHTs) are a promising alternative and effective strategy to deliver cancer care and support, their role in health promotion among cancer survivors remains relatively unexplored. We aimed to investigate the acceptability and impact of DHT for health promotion in cancer survivors.

Methods: Data was pooled from cycle three of the fifth edition of the Health Information National Trends Survey. Read More

Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021 03 16;3:CD014547. Epub 2021 Mar 16.

Dundee Dental School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.

Background: Caries is one of the most prevalent, preventable conditions worldwide. A wide variety of management options are available at different thresholds of disease, ranging from non-operative preventive strategies such as improved oral hygiene, reduced sugar diet, and application of topical fluoride, to minimally invasive treatments for early lesions which are limited to enamel, through to selective removal and restoration for extensive lesions. The cornerstone of caries detection is a visual and tactile dental examination, however, an increasing array of methods of caries lesion detection have been proposed that could potentially support traditional methods of detection and diagnosis. Read More

Diabetes Metab Syndr 2021 Mar-Apr;15(2):601-603. Epub 2021 Feb 18.

Department of Medicine, AIIMS, New Delhi, India.

Background And Aim: The aim of the study is to develop a valid and reliable tool to assess sociobehavioural changes due to COVID among the general population.

Methods: This mixed method study has two phases. Phase I for questionnaire development (literature review, focus group discussion, expert evaluation and pilot testing). Read More

Clin Chem Lab Med 2021 Mar 12. Epub 2021 Mar 12.

Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.

Objectives: The prevalence of chronic kidney disease is rising rapidly in low- and middle-income countries. Serum creatinine and estimation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) are critical diagnostic tools, yet access to centralised laboratory services remains limited in primary care resource-limited settings. The aim of this study was to evaluate point-of-care (POC) technologies for serum creatinine measurement and to compare their performance to a gold standard measurement using iohexol measured GFR (mGFR). Read More

Ann Maxillofac Surg 2020 Jul-Dec;10(2):344-352. Epub 2020 Dec 23.

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tamil Nadu Government Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Introduction: Ankylosis is a physically and psychologically distressing condition to a patient. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of custom-made temporomandibular joint (TMJ) prosthesis (fossa-condyle component) in patients with unilateral ankylosis in restoring the form and functions of the TMJ.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in ten patients with unilateral TMJ ankylosis who had undergone TMJ reconstruction with custom-made TMJ prosthesis. Read More

JMIR Form Res 2021 Mar 4;5(3):e20175. Epub 2021 Mar 4.

Pendulum Therapeutics, Inc, San Francisco, CA, United States.

Background: Novel wearable biosensors, ubiquitous smartphone ownership, and telemedicine are converging to enable new paradigms of clinical research. A new generation of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices provides access to clinical-grade measurement of interstitial glucose levels. Adoption of these sensors has become widespread for the management of type 1 diabetes and is accelerating in type 2 diabetes. Read More

PLoS One 2021 3;16(3):e0248008. Epub 2021 Mar 3.

Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, UniSA Allied Health and Human Performance, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia.

The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically impacted lifestyle behaviour as public health initiatives aim to "flatten the curve". This study examined changes in activity patterns (physical activity, sedentary time, sleep), recreational physical activities, diet, weight and wellbeing from before to during COVID-19 restrictions in Adelaide, Australia. This study used data from a prospective cohort of Australian adults (parents of primary school-aged children; n = 61, 66% female, aged 41±6 years). Read More

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2021 Mar 3;9(3):e21061. Epub 2021 Mar 3.

Department of Nursing and Midwifery, Institute of Health Research and Innovation, Centre for Health Science, University of the Highlands and Islands, Inverness, United Kingdom.

Background: Approximately 50% of cardiovascular disease (CVD) cases are attributable to lifestyle risk factors. Despite widespread education, personal knowledge, and efficacy, many individuals fail to adequately modify these risk factors, even after a cardiovascular event. Digital technology interventions have been suggested as a viable equivalent and potential alternative to conventional cardiac rehabilitation care centers. Read More

Sensors (Basel) 2021 Feb 26;21(5). Epub 2021 Feb 26.

Department of Computer Engineering, Jeju National University, Jejusi 63243, Korea.

Blockchain technology has recently inspired remarkable attention due to its unique features, such as privacy, accountability, immutability, and anonymity, to name of the few. In contrast, core functionalities of most Internet of Things (IoT) resources make them vulnerable to security threats. The IoT devices, such as smartphones and tablets, have limited capacity in terms of network, computing, and storage, which make them easier for vulnerable threats. Read More

Bioresour Technol 2021 Jun 19;329:124871. Epub 2021 Feb 19.

College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guangxi 541006, China.

Little is known about the effect of carbon-based conductive material (CM) addition on the anaerobic co-digestion of fat, oil and grease (FOG) and waste activated sludge (WAS). In this study, three types of carbon-based CMs (nano-graphite (NG), granular activated carbon (GAC), and carbon cloth (CC)) and nine dosages were evaluated for their influences on co-digestion performance. The best dosage was achieved at 0. Read More

Front Pharmacol 2020 4;11:617535. Epub 2021 Feb 4.

Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.

Crohn's disease (CD)-related fibrotic stricture remains a clinical challenge because of no effective treatments. This study aimed to evaluate the potential efficacy of rapamycin in patients with CD-related strictures in different locations in gastrointestinal tract. A pilot prospective study on using rapamycin for CD-related stricture was performed from April 2015 to August 2020 in a single center in China. Read More

Waste Manag 2021 Apr 14;124:17-25. Epub 2021 Feb 14.

Environmental Biotechnology Group (EBiTG), Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India. Electronic address:

Management of agro-waste is a major challenge globally due to inefficient disposal techniques, which concominantly leads pollution and loss of renewable bioenergy. Anaerobic digestion of agro-waste is one of the ways to tackle this problem but hindered by the recalcitrant nature of agro-waste. This study investigated the effect of granular activated carbon (GAC) and granular biochar (GBC) addition to enhance the thermophilic anaerobic co-digestion of wheat husk and sewage sludge. Read More

Chemosphere 2021 Jun 9;272:129863. Epub 2021 Feb 9.

School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China; National Engineering Research Center for Nanotechnology, Shanghai, 200241, China.

The underlying mechanisms of biochar enhance high-solid anaerobic digestion (HSAD) of food waste were investigated with a focus on the cell viability, microbial community, and methanogenic pathways. This study assessed the effects of different dosages of biochar in HSAD. Optimal biochar dosage was found to be 25 g/L, which produced accumulative methane yields of up to 251 mL CH/g VS significantly promote volatile fatty acid degradations, especially in butyric acid concentrations. Read More

Transplant Direct 2021 Mar 4;7(3):e667. Epub 2021 Feb 4.

Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.

Rapid excess weight gain and metabolic complications contribute to poor outcomes following liver transplant care. Providing specialist lifestyle intervention with equitable access is a challenge for posttransplant service delivery.

Methods: This study investigated the feasibility of a 12-wk telehealth delivered lifestyle intervention for liver transplant recipients (randomized controlled trial with a delayed intervention control group). Read More

Med Biol Eng Comput 2021 Mar 6;59(3):535-546. Epub 2021 Feb 6.

Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications (DIET), University of Rome "La Sapienza", Via Eudossiana 18, 00184, Rome, Italy.

This paper proposes a reliable monitoring scheme that can assist medical specialists in watching over the patient's condition. Although several technologies are traditionally used to acquire motion data of patients, the high costs as well as the large spaces they require make them difficult to be applied in a home context for rehabilitation. A reliable patient monitoring technique, which can automatically record and classify patient movements, is mandatory for a telemedicine protocol. Read More

Sens Actuators B Chem 2021 Apr 7;332. Epub 2021 Jan 7.

-Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI.

Sweat is a promising, yet relatively unexplored biofluid containing biochemical information that offers broad insights into the underlying dynamic metabolic activity of the human body. The rich composition of electrolytes, metabolites, hormones, proteins, nucleic acids, micronutrients, and exogenous agents found in sweat dynamically vary in response to the state of health, stress, and diet. Emerging classes of skin-interfaced wearable sensors offer powerful capabilities for the real-time, continuous analysis of sweat produced by the eccrine glands in a manner suitable for use in athletics, consumer wellness, military, and healthcare industries. Read More

J Pers Med 2021 Jan 26;11(2). Epub 2021 Jan 26.

Electrical & Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.

Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) typically involves pharmacological methods and adjunct behavioural modifications, focused on changing diet and physical activity (PA) behaviours. Changing diet and physical activity behaviours is complex and any behavioural intervention in T2D, to be successful, must use an appropriate suite of behaviour change techniques (BCTs). In this study, we sought to understand the perceived barriers and facilitators to diet and PA behaviour change in persons with T2D, with a view to creating artefacts to facilitate the required behaviour changes. Read More

Healthcare (Basel) 2021 Jan 28;9(2). Epub 2021 Jan 28.

Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea.

Dementia is one of the most common health problems affecting older adults, and the population with dementia is growing. Dementia refers to a comprehensive syndrome rather than a specific disease and is characterized by the loss of cognitive abilities. Many factors are related to dementia, such as aging, genetic profile, systemic vascular disease, unhealthy diet, and physical inactivity. Read More

J Vis Exp 2021 01 14(167). Epub 2021 Jan 14.

Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska-Lincoln;

Follicle development from the primordial to antral stage is a dynamic process within the ovarian cortex, which includes endocrine and paracrine factors from somatic cells and cumulus cell-oocyte communication. Little is known about the ovarian microenvironment and how the cytokines and steroids produced in the surrounding milieu affect follicle progression or arrest. In vitro culture of ovarian cortex enables follicles to develop in a normalized environment that remains supported by adjacent stroma. Read More