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Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2021 Apr 13. Epub 2021 Apr 13.

Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK.

Objectives: Determine the incremental yield of next generation sequencing (predominantly exome sequencing (ES)) over quantitative fluorescence-polymerase chain reaction (QF-PCR) and chromosome microarray analysis (CMA)/karyotyping in; (i) all cases of prenatally diagnosed non-immune hydrops fetalis (NIHF); (ii) isolated NIHF; (iii) NIHF associated with additional structural anomalies and; (iv) NIHF according to severity (i.e., two cavities versus three or more cavities affected). Read More

J Clin Rheumatol 2021 Apr 9. Epub 2021 Apr 9.

From the Department of Internal Medicine and Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaoundé I Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Yaoundé, Cameroon Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia Rheumatology Unit, Yaoundé Central Hospital, Yaoundé, Cameroon Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, CHRU Lille, Referral Centre for rare systemic autoimmune diseases North and Northwest of France, Univ. Lille, INSERM U995, LIRIC-Lille Inflammation Research International Centre, Lille, France.

Background: The epidemiology of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) has been extensively studied in America, Europe, and Asia, but remains unclear in Africa.

Objective: The aim of this review was to summarize available data on the epidemiology of IIMs in Africa.

Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and African Journals Online for studies published up to December 30, 2020, and reporting epidemiological data on IIMs in Africa. Read More

Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021 Apr 10;4:CD013155. Epub 2021 Apr 10.

Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK.

Background: Approximately 40% to 95% of people with liver cirrhosis have oesophageal varices. About 15% to 20% of oesophageal varices bleed within about one to three years after diagnosis. Several different treatments are available, including, among others, endoscopic sclerotherapy, variceal band ligation, somatostatin analogues, vasopressin analogues, and balloon tamponade. Read More

Indian J Gastroenterol 2021 Apr 8. Epub 2021 Apr 8.

Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576 104, India.

Background: Clinical features are of modest benefit in determining the etiology of dyspepsia. Dyspeptic patients with alarm features are suspected to have malignancy; but the proportions of patients and true cutoff values of various quantitative parameters in predicting malignancy are explored to a lesser extent.

Methods: This is a prospective observational study of consecutive patients undergoing esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) for dyspeptic symptoms. Read More

Mymensingh Med J 2021 Apr;30(2):523-530

Lt Col (Dr) Md Shafiqul Hasan, Medicine Specialist, Combined Military Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh; E-mail:

Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio Pancreaticography (ERCP) is an invasive procedure which can be used for therapeutic purpose. But it has versatile complications. It depends upon patient factors and gastroenterologist's expertise. Read More

Mymensingh Med J 2021 Apr;30(2):362-367

Dr Elias Bin Akber, Associate Professor & Head, Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Army Medical College Cumilla, Cumilla Cantonment, Cumilla, Bangladesh; E-mail:

As we less frequently encounter cases of death due to electrocution, less attention is given to them. These all have significant impact on morbidity and mortality of the common people of different ages. This autopsy based retrospective study (from January 2014 to December 2016) was carried out by the history of the case, inquest report and by doing thorough autopsy of each of the cases at Chattogram Medical College Mortuary, Bangladesh. Read More

Wellcome Open Res 2019 29;4:189. Epub 2021 Mar 29.

Department of Neurology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India.

Hyponatremia is the commonest electrolyte abnormality in hospitalized patients and is associated with poor outcome. Hyponatremia is categorized on the basis of serum sodium into severe (< 120 mEq/L), moderate (120-129 mEq/L) and mild (130-134mEq/L) groups. Serum sodium has an important role in maintaining serum osmolality, which is maintained by the action of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secreted from the posterior pituitary, and natriuretic peptides such as atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide. Read More

J Asthma Allergy 2021 29;14:287-292. Epub 2021 Mar 29.

Department of Pediatrics, Weill-Cornell-Medical College- Qatar, Ar-Rayan, Qatar.

Background: Childhood asthma (A) and allergic rhinitis (AR) are common in Qatar. Aeroallergens sensitization is integral in disease pathogenesis and clinical presentation. Determining sensitization patterns assists clinicians in tailoring an efficient medical management. Read More

Adv Biomed Res 2020 28;9:68. Epub 2020 Nov 28.

Department of Pathology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.

Background: Inflammatory pseudotumor (IPT) is a relatively rare benign disease. The aim of the study was to demonstrate the demographic distribution, clinical presentation, and histomorphological characteristics of IPT while highlighting its associated diagnostic challenges.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional review of all the IPT diagnosed in our institution between January 1999 and December 2018 was conducted. Read More

Int Ophthalmol 2021 Apr 3. Epub 2021 Apr 3.

Aravind Eye Hospital and Postgraduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Thavalakuppam, Cuddalore Main Road, Pondicherry, 605007, India.

Purpose: To detect the proportion of diabetic retinopathy (DR) among diabetics visiting a tertiary eye care institute and correlate presenting symptoms to clinical diagnosis.

Methods: The study recruited 1000 eyes of 1000 diabetics visiting a tertiary eye care institute in South India for the first time. Along with basic demographic data and systemic history, details of presenting complaints and clinical diagnosis were noted. Read More

Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021 03 22;18(6). Epub 2021 Mar 22.

Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney School of Medicine (Central Clinical School), University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia.

COVID-19 poses grave challenges for mass gatherings. One of the world's largest annual gatherings, Arbaeen, occurs in Iraq. We studied respiratory symptoms and risk and protective factors using representative sampling of Arbaeen pilgrims in 2019 to inform prevention of COVID-19 transmission. Read More

Cancers (Basel) 2021 Mar 1;13(5). Epub 2021 Mar 1.

Department of Medicine and Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine, National Expertise Center of Greece in Autoimmune Liver Diseases, General University Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the commonest among liver cancers, is one of the leading causes of mortality among malignancies worldwide. Several reports demonstrate autoimmune liver diseases (AILDs), including autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) to confer increased risk of hepatobiliary malignancies, albeit at lower frequencies compared to other liver diseases. Several parameters have been recognized as risk factors for HCC development in AIH and PBC, including demographics such as older age and male sex, clinical features, the most decisive being cirrhosis and other co-existing factors, such as alcohol consumption. Read More

Cells 2021 Mar 18;10(3). Epub 2021 Mar 18.

Division of Haemato-Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, IEO IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the commonest form of lymphoid malignancy, with a prevalence of about 40% worldwide. Its classification encompasses a common form, also termed as "not otherwise specified" (NOS), and a series of variants, which are rare and at least in part related to viral agents. Over the last two decades, DLBCL-NOS, which accounts for more than 80% of the neoplasms included in the DLBCL chapter, has been the object of an increasing number of molecular studies which have led to the identification of prognostic/predictive factors that are increasingly entering daily practice. Read More

Pan Afr Med J 2020 18;37:354. Epub 2020 Dec 18.

Department of Community Medicine, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Ilorin, Nigeria.

Introduction: surgical complications following unsafe abortion (UA) are not uncommon and are associated with high morbidity and mortality in developing countries. The commonest need for the general surgeon following UA is after a diagnosis of peritonitis which can occur following use of sharp objects introduced through the vagina. This study aims to highlight the presentation, management types and outcome of patients who presented with peritonitis following UA. Read More

Indian J Crit Care Med 2021 Mar;25(3):267-272

Department of Infectious Disease, Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.

Invasive candidiasis (IC) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). In this study, we aim to analyze the clinical profile, species distribution, and susceptibility pattern of patients with IC. Case records of non-neutropenic patients ≥18 years of age with IC between January 2016 and June 2019 at a tertiary care referral hospital were analyzed. Read More

Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021 03 30;3:CD013122. Epub 2021 Mar 30.

Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, UK.

Background: Approximately 40% to 95% of people with cirrhosis have oesophageal varices. About 15% to 20% of oesophageal varices bleed in about one to three years of diagnosis. Several different treatments are available, which include endoscopic sclerotherapy, variceal band ligation, beta-blockers, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS), and surgical portocaval shunts, among others. Read More

Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2021 Mar 30. Epub 2021 Mar 30.

Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.

A significant minority of patients with hypothyroidism report persistent symptoms despite achieving normal thyroid biochemistry after levothyroxine (L-T4) replacement. Four principal lines of thinking, which are not mutually exclusive, may explain this enigma. The 'low tissue liothyronine hypothesis' emphasizes the potential imperfections of L-T4 replacement therapy that may lead to hypothyroidism in some tissues such as the brain, while others (eg hypothalamus) are euthyroid. Read More

Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2021 Mar 24. Epub 2021 Mar 24.

Adnexal Service, Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, United Kingdom.

Purpose: To evaluate the ophthalmic clinical features and functional outcomes for patients with malignant sinonasal tumors who initially presented with orbital symptoms.

Patients And Methods: Retrospective chart review for patients seen at Moorfields Eye Hospital between 1997 and 2020. Patient demographics and clinical features, radiology, histology, and treatment outcomes were reviewed. Read More

J Cytol 2020 Oct-Dec;37(4):182-188. Epub 2020 Sep 16.

Dr. Prasoon's Diagnostic Centre, Munger, Bihar, India.

Background: Wuchereriasis is a significant cause of chronic morbidity. It can affect any organ/tissue in the body. Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is an easy method for its detection. Read More

J Cytol 2020 Oct-Dec;37(4):166-169. Epub 2020 Nov 6.

Department of Radio-Diagnosis and Imaging, Government Medical College, Jammu (J&K), India.

Background: Numerous pathological processes involve synovium and periarticular tissues that are characteristic and in some cases specific to a particular disease. Synovial fluid is a thick, stringy fluid found in the cavity of synovial joint. Examination of the synovium plays a key role in the diagnosis of many joint diseases. Read More

J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2021 Jan-Mar;33(1):14-19

The Children's Hospital & The Institute of Child Health, Lahore, Pakistan.

Background: Hepatopulmonary syndrome is severe pulmonary vascular complication of chronic liver disease requiring liver transplant. This study was conducted to evaluate different indicators of HPS in patients with portal hypertension, its varied aetiologies, clinical features & outcome.

Methods: Hospital based descriptive study, 203 patients were enrolled, divided in to 2 groups positive and negative on the basis of presence or absence of HPS as per diagnostic criteria. Read More

Indian Dermatol Online J 2021 Jan-Feb;12(1):66-71. Epub 2021 Jan 16.

Department of Pathology, DMCH, Ludhiana, Punjab, India.

Background: There is a huge spectrum of skin tumors which can be confused clinically with malignancies, particularly when they are pigmented or inflamed, and histopathological examination of a biopsy specimen is required to establish a definitive diagnosis and to facilitate appropriate intervention and follow up.

Aim: To evaluate all skin tumors and categorize them according to their origin.

Methods: The present study was conducted over a period of 4 years (July 1, 2013 to June 31, 2017) comprising of 1. Read More

West Afr J Med 2021 03;38(3):223-240

Departments of Medicine, Bowen University, Iwo, Osun State.

Background: Hypertension is the commonest cardiovascular risk factor globally and is a cause of untold morbidity and mortality. However, its clinical correlates at the community level have not been well elucidated.

Methods: History taking, anthropometric measurements, electrocardiograms and laboratory investigations were done for all the study subjects. Read More

Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2021 Mar 25. Epub 2021 Mar 25.

University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.

Background: Obstetricians and gynaecologists (O&Gs) are at a risk of work-related musculoskeletal injuries (WRMI) on a daily basis.

Aims: To describe the prevalence of WRMI among O&Gs in Australia and New Zealand, explore risk factors for such injuries, and evaluate their impact.

Methods: An online survey of Fellows of Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists was conducted in July 2016. Read More