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Sci Rep 2021 Apr 12;11(1):7866. Epub 2021 Apr 12.

Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 13, Box 210, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.

The relationship between intake of saturated fats and subclinical atherosclerosis, as well as the possible influence of genetic variants, is poorly understood and investigated. We aimed to investigate this relationship, with a hypothesis that it would be positive, and to explore whether genetics may modulate it, using data from a European cohort including 3,407 participants aged 54-79 at high risk of cardiovascular disease. Subclinical atherosclerosis was assessed by carotid intima-media thickness (C-IMT), measured at baseline and after 30 months. Read More

J Int Med Res 2021 Apr;49(4):3000605211006609

Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a special subtype of stroke that may be life-threatening in severe cases. CVST has distinct risk factors and is frequently overlooked because of its initially nonspecific clinical presentation. We herein describe a 72-year-old man who developed CVST in the right lateral sinus. Read More

Cureus 2021 Mar 8;13(3):e13773. Epub 2021 Mar 8.

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Ethnikon Kai Kapodistriakon Panepistimio Athinon, Athens, GRC.

Paragangliomas are rare lesions of the endocrine system that can be treated either by embolization preoperatively followed by surgical excision or by surgical excision or radiotherapy. In this report, we present an extremely rare location of a nonfunctional paraganglioma in the head and neck region, located in the right supraclavicular fossa, which was misdiagnosed as a thyroid tumor, in a 72-year-old female patient. Imaging revealed a 2. Read More

Front Aging Neurosci 2021 25;13:647990. Epub 2021 Mar 25.

Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, United States.

Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) are a common cause of cognitive decline, yet limited therapies exist. This cerebrovascular disease results in neurodegeneration acute, chronic, local, and systemic mechanisms. The etiology of VCID is complex, with a significant impact from atherosclerosis. Read More

Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2021 Apr;23(4):410-415

Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University/National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders/Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders/Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, Chongqing 400014, China.

Objective: To study the effect of human oligodendrocyte precursor cell (hOPC) transplantation in the treatment of white matter injury (WMI).

Methods: Neonatal rats were randomly divided into a sham-operation group, a model group, and a transplantation group (=10 each). At the age of 3 days, the rats in the model group and the transplantation group were treated with right common carotid artery ligation, followed by hypoxia for 2 hours, to prepare a rat model of WMI. Read More

Leg Med (Tokyo) 2021 Apr 2;51:101875. Epub 2021 Apr 2.

Department of Forensic Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Minami-ku, 734-8553 Hiroshima, Japan.

We have previously reported that ischemic animal models treated with a respiratory inhibitor, rotenon, show an increased voluntary alcohol intake. Although it is clear that ischemic brain, as a result of reduced-blood flow, shows pathological events and/or neuro-degenerations apparently, little is known of causal relationship between the mechanism of neural dysfunction and voluntary alcohol consumption. Authors have investigated effects of permanent two-vessel occlusion (p2VO) on rat voluntary alcohol drinking behavior. Read More

Rev Port Cir Cardiotorac Vasc 2021 Apr 8;28(1):45-51. Epub 2021 Apr 8.

Department of Angiology and Vascular Surgery, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Porto, Portugal.

Introduction: Inflammation is a common underlying feature of atherosclerosis. Several inflammatory biomarkers have been reported to have prognostic value, in several areas, including in vascular surgery. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) may permit to identify patients at greater risk for cerebrovascular events, tailor patient management, improve preoperative status and possibly develop target anti-atherosclerotic therapy. Read More

Front Cardiovasc Med 2021 23;8:643900. Epub 2021 Mar 23.

Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.

Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV), the most common congenital cardiac anomaly, has been associated with an aortopathy, increased aortic stiffness and diastolic dysfunction. The involved mechanisms and impact of age remain unclear. It was the aim of this study to characterize arterial and cardiac function, their correlation, and the effect of age in children and adults with a history of BAV. Read More

Glob Heart 2021 Mar 19;16(1):19. Epub 2021 Mar 19.

Department of Chemical Pathology, National Health Laboratory Service, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, ZA.

Background: Obesity and adipose tissue distribution contribute to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) by promoting atherosclerosis. This association has been poorly studied in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) despite the rising prevalence of cardiovascular disease.

Objectives: We determined the association between various adiposity phenotypes and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), a proxy of subclinical atherosclerosis, in a large SSA population. Read More

J Rural Med 2021 Apr 1;16(2):123-125. Epub 2021 Apr 1.

Department of Neurology, JA Toride Medical Center, Japan.

Brachiocephalic artery stenosis rarely causes right hemispheric infarction with associated left hemiparesis. To date, there have been no reported cases of stroke associated with brachiocephalic artery stenosis that were successfully treated with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA), alteplase. An 80-year-old woman presented with left hemiparesis. Read More

Hypertens Res 2021 Apr 8. Epub 2021 Apr 8.

IMIM - Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona, Spain.

To explore the role of chronic inflammation inherent to autoimmune diseases in the development of subclinical atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness, this study recruited two population-based samples of individuals with and without autoimmune disease (ratio 1:5) matched by age, sex, and education level and with a longstanding (≥6 years) diagnosis of autoimmune disease. Common carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and arterial distensibility and compliance were assessed with carotid ultrasound. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models were adjusted for 10-year cardiovascular risk. Read More

Sci Rep 2021 Apr 8;11(1):7780. Epub 2021 Apr 8.

Sunnybrook Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Quantitative Doppler ultrasound of the carotid artery has been proposed as an instantaneous surrogate for monitoring rapid changes in left ventricular output. Tracking immediate changes in the arterial Doppler spectrogram has value in acute care settings such as the emergency department, operating room and critical care units. We report a novel, hands-free, continuous-wave Doppler ultrasound patch that adheres to the neck and tracks Doppler blood flow metrics in the common carotid artery using an automated algorithm. Read More

Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2021 Apr 9:CIRCIMAGING120010953. Epub 2021 Apr 9.

Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China (S.Q., T.X., C.Z.).

Background: Remnant cholesterol makes great contribution to residual risk of cardiovascular disease, but population-based evidence on the relationship between remnant cholesterol and atherosclerosis is rare. Common carotid artery intima-media thickness (cIMT) is an imaging marker of subclinical atherosclerosis. We aimed to explore the association between remnant cholesterol levels and cIMT in patients with ischemic stroke. Read More

J Nutr 2021 Apr 8. Epub 2021 Apr 8.

Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Cambridge, United Kingdom.

Background: Plant-based diets are gaining attention globally due to their environmental benefits and perceived health-protective role. A vegan diet may have cardiovascular benefits; however, evidence remains conflicting and insufficiently assessed.

Objectives: We evaluated the utility of the vegan diet in cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention. Read More

Kyobu Geka 2021 Apr;74(4):265-269

Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan.

Objectives: The selection of arterial cannulation site is an important decision to avoid cerebral complication for total arch replacement(TAR). We report the surgical outcome of TAR using bilateral axillary artery perfusion in our hospital.

Methods: Between January 2012 and June 2020, 97 patients who underwent elective TAR for atherosclerotic aneurysms were enrolled in this study. Read More

Ann Vasc Surg 2021 Apr 5. Epub 2021 Apr 5.

Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114.

Background: Addition of ipsilateral proximal endovascular intervention (PEI, common carotid/innominate) increases the risk of perioperative stroke/death for both carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and carotid stenting (CAS). However, these approaches have not been directly compared and is the subject of this study.

Methods: VQI (2005-2020) was queried for CEA and CAS with PEI, excluding emergent, bilateral, and repeat procedures, patients with prior ipsilateral CAS, ICA lesions with stenosis<50%, and transcarotid ICA stents. Read More

Ann Vasc Surg 2021 Apr 5. Epub 2021 Apr 5.

Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Teine Keijinkai Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan.

We report on the ultrastructural features of the aortic wall in a patient with Kommerell diverticulum. A 70-year-old woman with a right aortic arch, aberrant left subclavian artery, and Kommerell diverticulum underwent a successful total arch replacement plus the frozen elephant trunk procedure with anatomical left subclavian artery reconstruction. Small pieces of the ascending aorta, distal arch, right common carotid artery, and left subclavian artery were investigated ultrastructurally. Read More

Angiol Sosud Khir 2021 ;27(1):65-71

Scientific Research Laboratory of Surgery for Cardiac Defects and Ischaemic Heart Disease, National Medical Research Centre named after V.A. Almazov under the RF Ministry of Public Health, Saint Petersburg, Russia.

Presented herein is a clinical case report concerning successful simultaneous surgical treatment of a female patient with a complication after transcatheter treatment for chronic dissection of the descending portion of the thoracic aorta. The woman was subjected to elective transcatheter isolation of chronic dissection of the descending thoracic aorta using a stent graft with complete coverage of the zone of the origin of the left subclavian artery. Repeat control imaging studies several months after the intervention revealed residual blood flow through the false channel, directed retrogradely from the distal edge of the stent graft to the left subclavian artery. Read More

Case Rep Rheumatol 2021 16;2021:6663519. Epub 2021 Mar 16.

Department of Medicine, Institute of Pulmonary Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.

We report the case of a 31-year-old male patient, presenting to the emergency department (ED) with a 6-week history of left-sided lateral neck pain, along with a minor localized swelling. A few weeks after the beginning of his complaints, he contracted a mild coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Upon examination, his aches were defined as carotidynia; thus, proper radiologic evaluation was carried out. Read More

Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021 Apr 6. Epub 2021 Apr 6.

Department of Pharmacology and Department of Pharmacy of the Second Affiliated Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Science, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China.

White matter injury is the major pathological alteration of subcortical ischemic vascular dementia (SIVD) caused by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. It is characterized by progressive demyelination, apoptosis of oligodendrocytes and microglial activation, which leads to impairment of cognitive function. Triptolide exhibits a variety of pharmacological activities including anti-inflammation, immunosuppression and antitumor, etc. Read More