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Gerontology 2021 Apr 14:1-11. Epub 2021 Apr 14.

Department of Psychology, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan.

Introduction: Prospective memory (PM) is a multiphasic cognitive function important for autonomy and functional independence but is easily disrupted by pathological aging processes. Through cognitive simulation of perceptual experiences, mental imagery could be an effective compensatory strategy to enhance PM performance. Nevertheless, relevant research in individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has been limited, and the underlying mechanism of the therapeutic effect has not been sufficiently elucidated. Read More

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2021 Apr 14:1-6. Epub 2021 Apr 14.

Department of Neurology, Clinic Hietzing, Vienna, Austria.

Background: Hyposmia is frequently reported as an initial symptom in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Objective: As hyposmia accompanies cognitive impairment in several neurological disorders, we aimed to study whether hyposmia represents a clinical biomarker for both neurological involvement and cognitive impairment in mild CO-VID-19. We aimed to study whether olfactory dysfunction (OD) represents a clinical biomarker for both neurological involvement and cognitive impairment in mild COVID-19. Read More

Cell 2021 Apr 10. Epub 2021 Apr 10.

Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Geriatric Psychiatry, GRECC, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center; Cleveland, OH, USA; Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA; Weill Cornell Autism Research Program, Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA. Electronic address:

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the largest non-genetic, non-aging related risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). We report here that TBI induces tau acetylation (ac-tau) at sites acetylated also in human AD brain. This is mediated by S-nitrosylated-GAPDH, which simultaneously inactivates Sirtuin1 deacetylase and activates p300/CBP acetyltransferase, increasing neuronal ac-tau. Read More

Brain Res 2021 Apr 11:147478. Epub 2021 Apr 11.

Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14086. Electronic address:

Systemic lupus erythematosus (lupus) is a global health problem where 20-80% patients display cognitive problems and central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction. Early diagnosis and treatment of lupus remains a clinical challenge. Exercise improves experimental lupus nephritis. Read More

Exp Neurol 2021 Apr 11:113721. Epub 2021 Apr 11.

Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, 97080 Würzburg, Germany. Electronic address:

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is often associated with sustained attention and memory deficits. As persisting neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration may contribute to posttraumatic psychomotor dysfunction, we studied the relationship of brain cellular reactions three months after a weight-drop closed head injury in male mice with posttraumatic learning and memory using automated home-cage monitoring of socially housed mice in IntelliCages as well as tests for locomotor activity, anxiety and forepaw fine motor skills. One month after TBI, deficits in place learning and cognitive flexibility in reverse learning were clearly detectable in IntelliCages and these memory deficits correlated with the initial trauma severity on the functional neuroscore. Read More

Cell Rep 2021 Apr;35(2):108941

Institute for Biology/Genetics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany; NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité Universitätmedizin Berlin, Berlin 10117, Germany. Electronic address:

Mitochondrial function declines during brain aging and is suspected to play a key role in age-induced cognitive decline and neurodegeneration. Supplementing levels of spermidine, a body-endogenous metabolite, has been shown to promote mitochondrial respiration and delay aspects of brain aging. Spermidine serves as the amino-butyl group donor for the synthesis of hypusine (N-[4-amino-2-hydroxybutyl]-lysine) at a specific lysine residue of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A). Read More

Cell Rep 2021 Apr;35(2):108985

Institute of Molecular Biosciences, NAWI Graz, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; Field of Excellence BioHealth, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria. Electronic address:

Decreased cognitive performance is a hallmark of brain aging, but the underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic avenues remain poorly understood. Recent studies have revealed health-protective and lifespan-extending effects of dietary spermidine, a natural autophagy-promoting polyamine. Here, we show that dietary spermidine passes the blood-brain barrier in mice and increases hippocampal eIF5A hypusination and mitochondrial function. Read More

Eur J Neurol 2021 Apr 14. Epub 2021 Apr 14.

Section of Neurology, Laboratory of Clinical Neurochemistry, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.

Background: A reduction of retinal thickness and an alteration of retinal perfusion have been found in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Nowadays retinal layers and retinal perfusion can be evaluated by means of non-invasive imaging techniques, i.e. Read More

Neuroreport 2021 Apr 12. Epub 2021 Apr 12.

Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University Neuroimaging Lab, Jiangxi Province Medical Imaging Research Institute Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China.

Objective: Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is a common pathological process after traumatic brain injury, which may cause survivors severe functional disorders, including cognitive impairment and physical disability. Recent literature indicated lateral hypothalamus and medial hypothalamus damage during DAI. Thus, we aim to investigate whether there is imaging evidence of hypothalamic injury in patients with DAI and its clinical association. Read More

Nucl Med Commun 2021 Apr 9. Epub 2021 Apr 9.

Department of Nuclear Medicine Department of Neurology, CN Centre Department of Geriatrics, AIIMS, New Delhi, India.

Objective: This study was undertaken to evaluate the tau distribution patterns in patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) using PET radiotracer F-18 ML-104.

Materials And Methods: Thirty patients, clinically diagnosed as aMCI [mini mental state evaluation ≥24] in the neurology or geriatric memory clinics, were included in the study. Each aMCI patient underwent F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose and F-18 ML-104 tau PET. Read More

J Behav Addict 2021 Apr 13. Epub 2021 Apr 13.

4College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia.

Background And Aims: Consensus in acknowledging compulsive buying-shopping disorder (CBSD) as a distinct diagnosis has been lacking. Before research in this area can be advanced, it is necessary to establish diagnostic criteria in order to facilitate field trials.

Methods: The study consisted of the following phases: (1) operationalization of a broad range of potential diagnostic criteria for CBSD, (2) two iterative rounds of data collection using the Delphi method, where consensus of potential diagnostic criteria for CBSD was reached by an international expert panel, and (3) interpretation of findings taking into account the degree of certainty amongst experts regarding their responses. Read More

Rev Neurol 2021 Apr;72(8):288-295

Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, España.

Introduction: The increase in the incidence and prevalence of dementia has changed the research focus towards its early identification. Several constructs have been developed in order to identify individuals with a high risk of developing dementia, with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) being the term most commonly used in the last decades. However, diagnostic criteria for objective cognitive impairment have been modified using different methods and algorithms. Read More

Wiad Lek 2021 ;74(1):128-131

NATIONAL PIROGOV MEMORIAL MEDICAL UNIVERSITY, VINNYTSIA, UKRAINE.

Objective: The aim: Is to determine the tactics and methods of treatment of bezoars of the gastrointestinal tract.

Patients And Methods: Materials and methods: From 2001 to 2019, 17 patients were diagnosed with "bezoar".

Results: Results: Due to the "weariness" of the clinic, the diagnosis was made in the first 3 days only for 3 (17,6 %) patients. Read More

Wiad Lek 2021 ;74(1):68-71

SUMY STATE UNIVERSITY, SUMY, UKRAINE.

Objective: The aim: To research differences of interleukin (IL)-17 and IL-23 serum levels in patients with Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia and mild cognitive impairment.

Patients And Methods: Material and methods: Serum levels of IL-17 and IL-23 were measure by ELISA for 15 patients with Alzheimer's disease, 14 with vascular dementia, 30 with mild cognitive impairment and 30 control individuals without cognitive impairment.

Results: Results: Serum concentrations of IL-17 were significantly higher in Alzheimer's disease patients (P=0. Read More

Int J Neurosci 2021 Apr 14:1-11. Epub 2021 Apr 14.

Department of Neuroscience, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.

Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a common manifestation of sepsis that may lead to cognitive decline. Our aim was to investigate whether the neurofilament light chain (NFL) and soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2) could be utilized as prognostic biomarkers in SAE. In this prospective observational study, baseline serum levels of sTREM2 and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of sTREM2 and NFL were measured by ELISA in 11 SAE patients and controls. Read More

Eur J Neurol 2021 Apr 13. Epub 2021 Apr 13.

Area of Neuroscience, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCSS, Rome, Italy.

Introduction: Spinocerebellar Ataxia 21 is a rare autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by TMEM240 gene mutations. To date, SCA21 has been reported only in a limited number of families worldwide. Here we describe clinical and molecular findings in 5 additional SCA21 patients from 4 unrelated families, diagnosed through a multicentre Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS)-based molecular screening project on a large cohort of patients with degenerative and congenital ataxias. Read More

Phytother Res 2021 Apr 13. Epub 2021 Apr 13.

Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

Cognitive impairments are a part of the neurocognitive disorders which deteriorate the normal cognitive function. An overview of systematic reviews (SRs) was conducted to summarize the findings of SRs and meta-analyses on the effectiveness of Huperzine A (Hup A) in dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). A literature search was conducted since inception to December 2020. Read More

Eur J Neurosci 2021 Apr 13. Epub 2021 Apr 13.

Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.

Effective drugs that can cure cognitive impairments remain elusive. Because synaptic dysfunction has been correlated with cognitive impairments, drug development to target synaptic dysfunction is important. Recently, natural compounds and crude drugs have emerged as potential therapeutic agents for cognitive disorders. Read More

Semin Neurol 2021 Apr 13. Epub 2021 Apr 13.

Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.

The pace of understanding cognitive decline and dementia has rapidly accelerated over the past decade, with constantly evolving insights into the vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID). Notably, more overlap has been discovered in the pathophysiology between what was previously understood to be Alzheimer's disease and VCID, leading to a heightened emphasis on disease prevention through early and aggressive control of vascular risk factors. One particularly vulnerable population may be those with cardiac disease, as they are at risk for cerebrovascular disease, which itself can lead to dementia, and increasing evidence supports cognitive impairment in disease processes such as heart failure and atrial fibrillation, independent of ischemic stroke, suggesting other potential mechanisms. Read More

Geroscience 2021 Apr 14. Epub 2021 Apr 14.

Department of Public Health and Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Cerebral white matter lesions (WML) represent a spectrum of age-related structural changes that are identified as areas of white matter high signal intensity on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Preservation of white matter requires proper functioning of both the cerebrovascular and glymphatic systems. The cerebrovascular safeguards adequate cerebral blood flow to supply oxygen, energy, and nutrients through a dynamic process of cerebral autoregulation and neurovascular coupling to keep up with global and regional demands of the brain. Read More

Ann Transl Med 2021 Mar;9(6):511

Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Medical Imaging Center of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, China.

Background: Rolandic epilepsy (RE) is a common pediatric idiopathic partial epilepsy syndrome. Children with RE display varying degrees of cognitive impairment. In epilepsy, age-related neuroanatomic and cognitive changes differ greatly from those observed in the healthy brain, and may be defined as accelerated brain aging. Read More

Basic Clin Neurosci 2020 Nov-Dec;11(6):795-804. Epub 2020 Nov 1.

Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Introduction: Hepcidin is the main modulator of systemic iron metabolism, and its role in the brain has been clarified recently. Studies have shown that hepcidin plays an important role in neuronal iron load and inflammation. This issue is of significance because neuronal iron load and inflammation are pathophysiological processes that are highly linked to neurodegeneration. Read More

Basic Clin Neurosci 2020 Nov-Dec;11(6):781-793. Epub 2020 Nov 1.

Departmentof Physiology, Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.

Introduction: Diabetic encephalopathy is described as any cognitive and memory impairments associated with hippocampal degenerative changes, including the neurodegenerative process and decreased number of living cells. Mitochondrial diabetes (MD) appears following activation of mutant mitochondrial DNA and is a combination of diabetes and cognitive deficit. In this research, we showed the correlation of diabetic encephalopathy, dysfunctional mitochondria, and changes in the expression of axonal transport proteins (KIF5b, Dynein). Read More

Sci Rep 2021 Apr 13;11(1):8480. Epub 2021 Apr 13.

Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu, 41566, Korea.

Sci Rep 2021 Apr 13;11(1):8057. Epub 2021 Apr 13.

Neurophysiology Unit, Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training (CERT) Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.

Although an increased fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) level was related to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in metabolic syndrome patients, any association regarding FGF21 and MCI in thalassemia patients as well as mechanistic insight are questionable. Therefore, the objectives of this study were: (1) to investigate the prevalence and associative risk factors of MCI in thalassemia patients, (2) to evaluate the association between levels of FGF21 and MCI in thalassemia patients, and (3) to investigate brain FGF21 signaling in iron-overload thalassemia. Thalassemia patients were enrolled onto the study (n = 131). Read More

Neuroreport 2021 May;32(7):588-595

Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanchang University.

Objective: Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) is a common pathological process after traumatic brain injury, which may cause survivors severe functional disorders, including cognitive impairment and physical disability. Recent literature indicated lateral hypothalamus and medial hypothalamus damage during DAI. Thus, we aim to investigate whether there is imaging evidence of hypothalamic injury in patients with DAI and its clinical association. Read More

BMJ Open 2021 Apr 13;11(4):e046851. Epub 2021 Apr 13.

Department of Anesthesia, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Introduction: Older patients undergoing cardiac surgery carry the highest risk for developing major postoperative neurocognitive disorder (postoperative NCD or P-NCD) with up to 25% incidence 3 months after surgery. P-NCD is associated with significant morbidity, mortality, loss of independence, premature retirement and increased healthcare costs. This multicentre randomised trial is investigating the efficacy of postoperative dexmedetomidine sedation in reducing the incidence of major P-NCD after cardiac surgery compared with standard protocols. Read More

Psychol Med 2021 Apr 14:1-16. Epub 2021 Apr 14.

Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience & Amsterdam Public Health, Meibergdreef 9 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Background: Preliminary evidence suggests beneficial effects of cognitive remediation in depression. An update of the current evidence is needed. The aim was to systematically assess the effectiveness of cognitive remediation in depression on three outcomes. Read More

J Neuroeng Rehabil 2021 Apr 13;18(1):60. Epub 2021 Apr 13.

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.

Background: For patients with gait impairment due to neurological disorders, body weight-supported treadmill training (BWSTT) has been widely used for gait rehabilitation. On a conventional (passive) treadmill that runs at a constant speed, however, the level of patient engagement and cortical activity decreased compared with gait training on the ground. To increase the level of cognitive engagement and brain activity during gait rehabilitation, a self-paced (active) treadmill is introduced to allow patients to actively control walking speed, as with overground walking. Read More

Child Neuropsychol 2021 Apr 13:1-23. Epub 2021 Apr 13.

School of Psychological and Behavioral Sciences, Southern Illinois University-Carbondale, Carbondale, IL, USA.

Our study is one of the few to analyze executive functioning (EF) in a as a potential contributor to the comorbidity between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and basic reading disability (RD). We included multiple, traditional, neuropsychological measures of EF, along with the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) questionnaire, to assess inhibit, shift, working memory (WM), planning, generation fluency, and problem-solving. Participants included 263 children, ages 8-12 years, with RD, ADHD, RD/ADHD, and typically developing controls. Read More