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Rev Chilena Infectol 2020 Dec;37(6):756-761

Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.

Background: SARS-CoV-2 virus infection responsible for de pandemic in course, is a new clinical and physiopathological entity, whose control is still uncertain till we can provide an effective and universal vaccine. In the beginning it was described as a respiratory disease which affects mainly adults, children can have the disease too and in this group the disease can be different than the adult disease. Acute infection in children is mostly mild and when it requires hospital assistance it resolves with support therapy and without complications most of the time. Read More

J Clin Invest 2021 Apr 12. Epub 2021 Apr 12.

Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States of America.

Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) is a rare but deadly new disease in children that rapidly progresses to hyperinflammation, shock, and can lead to multiple organ failure if unrecognized. It has been found to be temporally associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and is often associated with SARS-CoV-2 exposure in children. In this issue of the JCI, Porritt, Paschold, and Rivas et al. Read More

Ginekol Pol 2021 ;92(3):236-251

Department of Operative Gynecology and Gynecologic Oncology, I Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Lodz, Poland.

Objectives: The aim of the publication was to present the interdisciplinary guidelines of the Urogynecology Section of the Polish Society of Gynecologists and Obstetricians (PSGO) for the treatment of overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome based on the available literature, expert knowledge, and everyday practice.

Material And Methods: A review of the literature, including current recommendations for the treatment of overactive bladder syndrome, urinary incontinence, urgency and mixed urinary incontinence, as well as the earlier recommendations of the PSGO Urogynecology Section, was conducted.

Results: Management of the patients with OAB is presented. Read More

World J Pediatr 2021 Apr 12. Epub 2021 Apr 12.

National Children's Medical Center, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an emerging disease. The consequences of SARS-CoV-2 exposure in infants remain unknown. Therefore, this study aims to investigate whether neonates born to mothers with COVID-19 have adverse brain development. Read More

J Clin Rheumatol 2021 Apr 9. Epub 2021 Apr 9.

From the Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Ankara Children's Hospital, University of Health Sciences Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Ankara Children's Hospital, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University Department of Pediatric Intensive Care, Ankara Children's Hospital, University of Health Sciences Department of Pediatric Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Selçuk University Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Ankara Children's Hospital, University of Health Sciences Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Ankara Children's Hospital, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University Department of Pediatric Hematology, Ankara Children's Hospital, University of Health Sciences Department of Pediatric Surgery, Ankara Children's Hospital, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey.

Objectives: The aims of this study were to evaluate the role of biological agents in the treatment of severe multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and to assess the current application, outcomes, and adverse effects in patients who are followed up in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU).

Patients And Methods: This observational, descriptive, medical records review study was performed on patients with MIS-C admitted to the PICU between September 1 and November 1, 2020. Through medical records review, we confirmed that patients were positive for current or recent SARS-CoV-2 infection or for COVID-19 exposure history within the 4 weeks before the onset of symptoms. Read More

J Neonatal Perinatal Med 2021 Apr 2. Epub 2021 Apr 2.

Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School-Baystate, Springfield, MA, USA.

Background: Increasing rates of maternal opioid use disorder has led to greater number of opioid exposed newborns (OENs). Maternal enrollment in medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD) program improves short term neonatal outcomes. This study aimed at assessing neurobehavioral outcomes for OENs. Read More

Cardiol Young 2021 Apr 12:1-7. Epub 2021 Apr 12.

Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

Background: Aortic root dilation is a major complication of Marfan syndrome and is one of the most important criteria in establishing the diagnosis. Currently, different echocardiographic nomograms are used to calculate aortic root Z-scores. The aim of the present study was to assess the potential differences in aortic root measurements when aortic root Z-scores were obtained in a cohort of paediatric Marfan patients using several published nomograms. Read More

Cardiol Young 2021 Apr 12:1-3. Epub 2021 Apr 12.

Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Koç University Faculty of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey.

Platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome is a rare clinical entity characterised by positional dyspnoea and arterial desaturation while in the upright position, the symptoms generally occurring in adults. We describe a 12-year-old girl diagnosed with platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome associated with patent foramen ovale. The symptoms resolved following percutaneous patent foramen ovale closure. Read More

Brain Commun 2021 25;3(1):fcab001. Epub 2021 Jan 25.

Hunter New England Local Health District, Sports Concussion Program, Waratah, NSW 2298, Australia.

There are no validated criteria for diagnosing chronic traumatic encephalopathy, or traumatic encephalopathy syndrome, in a living person. The purpose of this study is to examine symptom reporting resembling the research criteria for traumatic encephalopathy syndrome in men and women from the US general population. This is a retrospective analysis of publicly available data from a cross-sectional epidemiological study. Read More

Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021 24;11:648040. Epub 2021 Mar 24.

Department of Microbiology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of hosts, antimicrobial susceptibility, and molecular epidemiology of mucoid serotype 3 () isolated from children in China.

Method: isolates collected between January 2016 and December 2019 were analyzed. isolates with mucoid phenotype were selected visually, and serotype 3 isolates were confirmed by Quellung reaction. Read More

Cureus 2021 Mar 7;13(3):e13754. Epub 2021 Mar 7.

Orthopedics and Traumatology, King Edward Medical University/Mayo Hospital Lahore, Lahore, PAK.

Objective:  The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of conservative and surgical treatment in cerebral palsy children by evaluating the Medical Research Council (MRC) grading system, modified Ashworth scale, and Barthel Activities of Daily Life (ADL) scale.

Method: This prospective case series was performed using a non-probability consecutive sampling technique at the Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, King Edward Medical University/Mayo Hospital, Lahore from October 2011 to November 2013. Two hundred children of all ages, having cerebral palsy diagnosed on history and clinical examination were enrolled in the study. Read More

Proceedings (IEEE Int Conf Bioinformatics Biomed) 2019 Nov 6;2019:968-972. Epub 2020 Feb 6.

Depts. of Pediatrics and Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, U.S.A.

Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) is one of the most common causes of death in critically ill children. However, despite decades of clinical trials, there are no comprehensive approaches to the management of MODS or effective targeted therapies that have consistently improved outcomes. Better understanding the heterogeneity of MODS and characterizing subgroups of MODS patients could improve our understanding of the syndrome and help us develop new management strategies. Read More

Clin Kidney J 2021 Apr 20;14(4):1255-1260. Epub 2020 Aug 20.

Department of Medicine III, Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

Background: Pregnancies in patients with complement gene variant-mediated thrombotic microangiopathy (cTMA) are challenging, and pregnancies in such patients after kidney transplantation (KTX) are even more so.

Methods: We identified nine pregnancies following KTX of three genetically high-risk cTMA patients enrolled in the Vienna thrombotic microangiopathy cohort. Preventive plasma therapy was used in three pregnancies, and one patient had ongoing eculizumab (ECU) therapy during two pregnancies. Read More

Clin Kidney J 2021 Apr 22;14(4):1126-1135. Epub 2020 Jun 22.

Department of Nephrology, Hospital Federal de Bonsucesso, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Background: Atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) is characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and kidney injury caused by a dysregulation of the alternative complement pathway.

Methods: We conducted a multicenter nonregistry study aimed at collecting clinical, laboratory and genetic information of patients with aHUS in Brazil. Demographic data, genetic findings, treatments and outcomes are presented. Read More

Am J Transl Res 2021 15;13(3):1890-1895. Epub 2021 Mar 15.

Department of Pediatrics, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University Quanzhou, Fujian Province, China.

Objective: To investigate the clinical significance of T lymphocyte subsets, immunoglobulin and complement expression in the peripheral blood of children with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome/frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome (SDNS/FRNS).

Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 285 children with nephrotic syndrome (NS). Among the 285 patients, 187 children had steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) and 98 children had SDNS/FRNS according to their sensitivity to hormones. Read More

Am J Transl Res 2021 15;13(3):1772-1778. Epub 2021 Mar 15.

Wuwei Liangzhou Hospital Wuwei 733000, Gansu, China.

Objective: This study aimed to confirm the association of miR-151-3p with nephrotic syndrome (NS) in children and to explore the molecular mechanisms by which glucocorticoid-induced transcript 1 gene (GLCCI1) targets cellular biological functions in children with nephrotic syndrome.

Methods: miR-151-3p levels were detected in 20 children with hormone-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS), 15 children with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome (SDNS) and 20 children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS), using qRT-PCR before and after glucocorticoid treatment, and TargetScan information software was used to predict the biological targets between miR-151-3p and GLCCI1 gene. The change in albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) before and after treatment in children with NS was determined to judge the treatment efficacy. Read More

Front Immunol 2021 26;12:654587. Epub 2021 Mar 26.

Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.

Background: SARS-CoV-2 occurs in the majority of children as COVID-19, without symptoms or with a paucisymptomatic respiratory syndrome, but a small proportion of children develop the systemic Multi Inflammatory Syndrome (MIS-C), characterized by persistent fever and systemic hyperinflammation, with some clinical features resembling Kawasaki Disease (KD).

Objective: With this study we aimed to shed new light on the pathogenesis of these two SARS-CoV-2-related clinical manifestations.

Methods: We investigated lymphocyte and dendritic cells subsets, chemokine/cytokine profiles and evaluated the neutrophil activity mediators, myeloperoxidase (MPO), and reactive oxygen species (ROS), in 10 children with COVID-19 and 9 with MIS-C at the time of hospital admission. Read More

Front Psychol 2021 25;12:643702. Epub 2021 Mar 25.

Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.

Analyzing navigational abilities and related aspects in individuals with Down syndrome (DS) is of considerable interest because of its relevance to everyday life. This study investigates path learning, the conditions favoring it, and the cognitive abilities involved. A group of 30 adults with DS and 32 typically-developing (TD) children matched on receptive vocabulary were shown a 4 × 4 Floor Matrix and asked to repeat increasingly long sequences of steps by walking on the grid. Read More

Front Physiol 2021 24;12:649794. Epub 2021 Mar 24.

Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and metabolic inflexibility are linked to insulin resistance, and women with PCOS appear to be metabolic inflexible in the rested, insulin-stimulated state. Exercise training is a primary lifestyle intervention in PCOS. Exercise training improves whole-body fat oxidation during submaximal exercise in healthy women, yet little is known about the effect on this outcome in women with PCOS. Read More

Indian J Nephrol 2020 Nov-Dec;30(6):370-376. Epub 2020 Feb 7.

Department of Pathology, Jaslok Hospital and Medical Research Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Introduction: There is paucity of data of C3 glomerulopathy in Indian children.

Methods: First Indian pediatric case series where consecutive renal biopsies done over a period of ten years were reviewed to identify those patients who had isolated or predominant C3 deposits on immunofluorescent microscopy, fulfilling the criteria for C-3 glomerulopathy. The clinical, biochemical, serological, histopathological profile, eGFR and the need for renal replacement therapy was analyzed. Read More

J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol 2020 Oct-Dec;36(4):571-573. Epub 2021 Jan 18.

Department of Cardiac Anaesthesia, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Institute of Medical Sciences (ABVIMS) and Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi, India.

Indian J Orthop 2021 Apr 3:1-10. Epub 2021 Apr 3.

University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi), New Delhi, India.

Covid-19 is a respiratory disease caused by coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) first identified in Wuhan, China (December 2019). The disease rapidly crossed the barrier of countries, continents and spread globally. Non-pharmaceutical measures such as social distancing, face mask, frequent hand washing and use of sanitizer remained the best available option to prevent the spread of disease. Read More

Eur J Hum Genet 2021 Apr 12. Epub 2021 Apr 12.

Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany.

In childhood cancer, the frequency of cancer-associated germline variants and their inheritance patterns are not thoroughly investigated. Moreover, the identification of children carrying a genetic predisposition by clinical means remains challenging. In this single-center study, we performed trio whole-exome sequencing and comprehensive clinical evaluation of a prospectively enrolled cohort of 160 children with cancer and their parents. Read More

Endocr Pract 2020 Dec 15. Epub 2020 Dec 15.

Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, China.

Objective: The relationship between child-to-adult blood pressure (BP) trajectories and metabolic syndrome (MetS) is unknown. We aimed to determine the predictive role of BP trajectories for incident MetS and its components.

Methods: The prospective Hanzhong Adolescent Hypertension study began in 1987 and included 2692 participants free of MetS at baseline with at least 3 BP measurements available from 1987 to 2017. Read More

Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi 2021 Apr;23(4):420-424

Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Chengdu 610041, China.

Compared with adults, children tend to have lower incidence rate, hospitalization rate, and mortality rate of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), while the cause of such age-based differences in disease severity remains unclear. An investigation of pathogenesis in children may help to analyze the therapies for the high-risk population. Human angiotensin-converting enzyme Ⅱ is the main receptor of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and can limit pulmonary capillary leakage and inflammation mediated by angiotensin 2 and exert a protective effect against acute lung injury. Read More

J Telemed Telecare 2021 Apr 12:1357633X211003810. Epub 2021 Apr 12.

MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, USA.

Introduction: Telehealth is an important tool in helping to provide services for hard-to-reach populations. One population that might benefit from telehealth are individuals with fragile X syndrome (FXS). Although FXS is the leading inherited cause of intellectual disability, it is nonetheless a low incidence disorder. Read More

J Int Med Res 2021 Apr;49(4):3000605211006952

Pediatric Surgery Department, Hôpital Mère-Enfant, University Hospital Centre of Limoges, 8 Avenue Dominique Larrey, Limoges, France.

We herein describe an 18-month-old boy who underwent initially successful surgical and antibiotic treatment of complicated appendicitis with postoperative occurrence of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). This complication was due to Shiga toxin-producing (STEC) found secondarily in rectal swabs but not in the peritoneal cavity. The literature indicates that a causal link may exist between these two entities, and HUS could be considered an iatrogenic complication of appendicitis management due to a multimodal stress effect in non-symptomatic STEC carriers. Read More

Eur J Pediatr 2021 Apr 11. Epub 2021 Apr 11.

Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

Surfactant, which was first identified in the 1920s, is pivotal to lower the surface tension in alveoli of the lungs and helps to lower the work of breathing and prevents atelectasis. Surfactant proteins, such as surfactant protein B and surfactant protein C, contribute to function and stability of surfactant film. Additionally, adenosine triphosphate binding cassette 3 and thyroid transcription factor-1 are also integral for the normal structure and functioning of pulmonary surfactant. Read More

Acta Neurochir Suppl 2021 ;131:109-113

Clinical and Research Institute of Emergency Pediatric Surgery and Trauma, Moscow, Russia.

Objectives: Decompressive craniectomy (DC) for control of refractory intracranial pressure (ICP) elevations remains a controversial procedure because of its invasiveness and lack of clearly defined indications, the absence of an established surgical technique, the variability of its outcomes, and the significant risk of complications.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to identify factors for unfavorable outcomes after DC in children with a severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods: A longitudinal investigation of correlations was carried out in 64 children (mean age ± 4. Read More

Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep 2021 Mar 28;2021. Epub 2021 Mar 28.

Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.

Summary: Succinate dehydrogenase deficiency has been associated with several neoplasias, including renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and those associated with hereditary paraganglioma (PGL)/ pheochromocytoma (PHEO) syndromes, Carney dyad, and Carney triad. Carney triad is a rare multitumoral syndrome characterized by co-existing PGL, gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), and pulmonary chondroma (CHO). We report a case of a 57-year-old male who presented with para-aortic and gastroesophogeal masses, and a right renal superior pole lesion, which were classified as multiple PGLs, a GIST, and a clear cell renal carcinoma, respectively, on pathology following surgical resection. Read More