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World Neurosurg 2022 May 23. Epub 2022 May 23.

Department of Pathology, Christian Medical College, Vellore. Electronic address:

Background: The prevalence of BRAFV600E mutations in pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas (PXA) WHO Grade 2 and PXA WHO Grade 3 reported varies from 60 to 80%, yet the prognostic implications remain unclear.

Methods: We reviewed the demographic and clinicoradiological data of 20 PXAs WHO Grade 2 and 13 PXAs WHO Grade 3, operated between 2007 and 2020, to ascertain extent of excision, recurrence, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). PXAs WHO Grade 3 were defined by the presence of >5 mitoses/high power field. Read More

Braz J Anesthesiol 2022 May 23. Epub 2022 May 23.

Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.

Background: Dexmedetomidine (Dex) is widely used, and its most common side effect is bradycardia. The complete mechanism through which Dex induces bradycardia has not been elucidated. This research investigates the expression of gap junction proteins Connexin30. Read More

Braz J Infect Dis 2022 May 23:102369. Epub 2022 May 23.

Universidad Antonio Nariño, Faculty of Nursing, Research Group Innovación y Cuidado, Neiva, Colombia.

Ceftazidime/avibactam (CAZ/AVI) has excellent in vitro activity against enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The study aimed to analyze the in vitro antimicrobial activity of CAZ/AVI and other antibiotics against isolates of enterobacterales and P. aeruginosa from patients with complicated urinary tract infection (cUTI) and complicated intra-abdominal infection (cIAI) in Colombian hospitals between 2014 and 2018, using the Antimicrobial Testing Leadership and Surveillance (ATLAS) database. Read More

J Environ Manage 2022 May 23;317:115357. Epub 2022 May 23.

Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Diponegoro, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia.

Wastewater is inevitably generated from human activities as part of the life cycle chain that potentially damages the environment. The integration of photocatalytic reaction and membrane separation for wastewater treatment has gained great attention in recent studies. However, there are still many technical limitations for its application such as toxic metal release, catalyst deactivation, fouling/biofouling, polymer disintegration, and separation performance decline. Read More

Arch Oral Biol 2022 May 11;140:105451. Epub 2022 May 11.

Health Sciences Department, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Electronic address:

Objective: To investigate the effect of voluntary physical activity (VPA) on inflammatory profile and the progression of experimental periodontal disease (PD) in mice.

Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly distributed into Control; VPA; PD and PD/VPA groups. We registered VPA (total volume of revolutions) and average speed (revolutions/minute) in a free running wheel for 30 days. Read More

PLoS Med 2022 May 26;19(5):e1004015. Epub 2022 May 26.

Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.

Background: Healthcare workers (HCWs), particularly those from ethnic minority groups, have been shown to be at disproportionately higher risk of infection with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) compared to the general population. However, there is insufficient evidence on how demographic and occupational factors influence infection risk among ethnic minority HCWs.

Methods And Findings: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using data from the baseline questionnaire of the United Kingdom Research study into Ethnicity and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outcomes in Healthcare workers (UK-REACH) cohort study, administered between December 2020 and March 2021. Read More

PLoS Med 2022 May 26;19(5):e1004011. Epub 2022 May 26.

Division of Infectious Disease and Tropical Medicine, Center for Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.

Background: Comprehensive information about the accuracy of antigen rapid diagnostic tests (Ag-RDTs) for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is essential to guide public health decision makers in choosing the best tests and testing policies. In August 2021, we published a systematic review and meta-analysis about the accuracy of Ag-RDTs. We now update this work and analyze the factors influencing test sensitivity in further detail. Read More

PLoS One 2022 26;17(5):e0268991. Epub 2022 May 26.

Department of Bacteriology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (NMIMR), University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana.

Introduction: Diarrhoea accounts for high morbidity and mortality in children and adults worldwide. Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE) and Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) contribute to prolonged hospitalization because of their resistance and virulence properties aiding in the spread of diarrhoeal disease and delayed treatment.

Aim: To determine DEC and the antimicrobial resistance of ESBL-PE isolated among diarrhoea patients attending two health facilities in Ghana. Read More

PLoS One 2022 26;17(5):e0265794. Epub 2022 May 26.

Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America.

DNA Topoisomerase IIα (TOP2α/170) is an enzyme essential for proliferating cells. For rapidly multiplying malignancies, this has made TOP2α/170 an important target for etoposide and other clinically active anticancer drugs. Efficacy of these agents is often limited by chemoresistance related to alterations in TOP2α/170 expression levels. Read More

PLoS One 2022 26;17(5):e0266342. Epub 2022 May 26.

Department of Healthcare Economics and Quality Management, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.

The suppression of the first wave of COVID-19 in Japan is assumedly attributed to people's increased risk perception after acquiring information from the government and media reports. In this study, going out in public amidst the spread of COVID-19 infections was investigated by examining new polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive cases of COVID-19 and its relationship to four indicators of people going out in public (the people flow, the index of web searches for going outside, the number of times people browse restaurants, and the number of hotel guests, from the Regional Economic and Social Analysis System (V-RESAS). Two waves of COVID-19 infections were examined using cross-correlation analysis. Read More

Environ Sci Technol 2022 May 26. Epub 2022 May 26.

Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005-1892, United States.

Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) can photocatalytically oxidize and degrade perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCA), a common member of the per/polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) family of water contaminants. However, the reaction mechanism governing PFCA activation on hBN is not yet understood. Here, we apply electronic grand canonical density functional theory (GC-DFT) to assess the thermodynamic and kinetic favorability of PFCA photo-oxidative activation on hBN: CFCOO + h → CF + CO. Read More

ACS Macro Lett 2020 Nov 19;9(11):1542-1546. Epub 2020 Oct 19.

Department of Polymer Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, People's Republic of China.

Nontraditional polyurethane (PU) has been successfully synthesized by anionic copolymerization of some typical aryl isocyanates and epoxides with ammonium halide onium salt (Lewis base) as the initiator and triisobutylaluminum (Lewis acid) as the activator and the synergistic coordinator. In contrast to the traditional step-growth approach, this chain-growth copolymerization can maintain the anionic propagation site and exhibit some living features with a high activity, by which the copolymers synthesized have narrow molecular weight distributions and discrete end groups. The copolymer is primarily constituted by a urethane linkage, and the byproducts of isocyanurate trimer and oxazolidinone can be effectively suppressed as the polymerization proceeds. Read More

ACS Macro Lett 2020 Nov 22;9(11):1582-1589. Epub 2020 Oct 22.

Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo 001-0021, Japan.

The tough and self-healing hydrogels composed of polyampholytes (PA gels) are drawing great attention due to their multiscale structures and the resultant multiple mechanical properties. This work studies the stress relaxation behavior of PA gels and reveals the underlying multiscale structure evolutions by combining birefringence and small-angle X-ray scattering measurements. The PA gels show a fast and strong stress relaxation that obeys the stress-optical rule, which could be associated with relaxation of chain segment orientation by the breaking of ionic bonds. Read More

Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2022 May 26. Epub 2022 May 26.

Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Virginia Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1300 Jefferson Park Ave, PO Box 800716, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.

Purpose Of Review: Measurable residual disease (MRD) is an important monitoring parameter that can help predict survival outcomes in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Identifying patients with MRD has the potential to decrease the risk of relapse with the initiation of early salvage therapy and to help guide decision making regarding allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. In this review, we discuss MRD in ALL, focusing on advantages and limitations between MRD testing techniques and how to monitor MRD in specific patient populations. Read More

J Bras Nefrol 2022 May 25. Epub 2022 May 25.

Hospital de Base de São José do Rio Preto, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, Divisão de Nefrologia, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil.

Background: The reported incidence and fatality rate of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in patients receiving chronic dialysis are higher than in the general population. We sought to study the outcomes following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnosis in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis (HD) or peritoneal dialysis (PD) in a single center in Brazil.

Methods: Of the 522 patients on dialysis evaluated between March 1, 2020, and October 1, 2021, those presenting symptoms or with a history of close contact with COVID-19 patients were tested with reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction of samples from nasopharyngeal swabs. Read More

Cell Biol Int 2022 May 26. Epub 2022 May 26.

Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China.

Decidualization of human endometrial stromal cells (hESCs) is important for the maintenance of a successful pregnancy. Histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) was reported to be involved in the dysfunction of decidua-derived mesenchymal stem cells. However, the role of HDAC4 underlying decidualization of hESCs remains unclear. Read More

Pediatr Int 2022 Jan;64(1):e15102

Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, School of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ihsan Dogramaci Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.

Background: We aimed to compare the clinical findings of human bocavirus (HBoV) and human metapneumovirus (HMPV) infections, and to analyze the effects of coinfections on clinical features and disease severity in children with HBoV and HMPV infections.

Methods: Data were collected from 125 children with lower respiratory tract infections due to HBoV or HMPV, detected from nasal swap by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) during the period from January, 2013 to December, 2017. In total, there were 101 HBoV (group 1) and 23 HMPV (group 2) infections in our data. Read More

Lett Appl Microbiol 2022 May 26. Epub 2022 May 26.

Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram-796 014, India.

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the primary etiological agent of contagious porcine pleuropneumonia associated with serious economic impact on pig husbandry worldwide. Diagnosis of the disease by existing techniques including isolation and identification bacteria followed by serotyping, serological techniques, conventional PCR, real-time PCR and LAMP assays are cumbersome, time consuming, costly and not suitable for rapid field application. A novel isothermal polymerase chain reaction (PSR) technique is standardized for all the reagents, incubation time and incubation temperature against A. Read More

Bioengineered 2022 May;13(5):12794-12806

Department of Anorectal Surgery, Taizhou First People's Hospital, Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, China.

Previous studies manifested that microRNA-145-5p is pivotal in the development of various cancers. Nevertheless, the potential function of microRNA-145-5p in colorectal cancer remains unclear. This study attempted to investigate the potential role and possible mechanism of microRNA-145-5p in colon cancer. Read More

Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 2022 May;44(5):389-394

Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637000, China.

To explore the possible mechanism of radiotherapy regulating the expression of PD-L1 in esophageal carcinoma. Three esophageal cancer cell lines (Eca109, Kyse150, TE1) were irradiated with different doses of X-rays, and 6 Gy+ AG490 group was set. The mRNA expression of PD-L1 was detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Read More

Pediatr Blood Cancer 2022 May 25:e29773. Epub 2022 May 25.

Department of Children's Oncology and Hematology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.

Background: Children develop symptomatic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) more rarely than adults upon infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Pediatric oncology and hematology patients may be at increased risk of severe COVID-19 due to their underlying disease or treatment. We investigated COVID-19 and seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, respectively, in a Swedish cohort of pediatric oncology and hematology patients. Read More

J Int Med Res 2022 May;50(5):3000605221100334

Department of Andrology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.

Objective: Most men suffering from depression have different degrees of erectile dysfunction (ED), but the relationship between depression and ED is not clear. This study explored the effect of depression on erectile function in rats and the underlying mechanism.

Methods: The potential targets and key signaling pathways of depression and ED were predicted through bioinformatics analysis, and a depression rat model was established by inducing chronic restraint stress. Read More

Expert Syst Appl 2022 May 21:117549. Epub 2022 May 21.

Institute of Geosciences and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP) Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Rio Claro, SP, 13506-900, Brazil.

COVID-19 quickly became a global pandemic after only four months of its first detection. It is crucial to detect this disease as soon as possible to decrease its spread. The use of chest X-ray (CXR) images became an effective screening strategy, complementary to the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Read More

Front Aging Neurosci 2022 9;14:863489. Epub 2022 May 9.

Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.

Background: The incidence of atrial fibrillation (AF)-related stroke increases with aging. Natriuretic peptides (NPs) family, including Corin-B type natriuretic peptide (BNP)-neprilysin (NEP) protein levels increased with age and are risk markers of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, such as AF and cardioembolic stroke. Aging is also linked to epigenetics, specifically DNA methylation. Read More

J Immunol Res 2022 14;2022:1260423. Epub 2022 May 14.

Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China.

Clear cell renal cell cancer (ccRCC) is a tumor of high malignancy, which can escape apoptosis. The tumor protein p53-inducible nuclear protein 2 (TP53INP2), known as an autophagy protein, is the essential part for autophagosome formation and sensitizes cells to apoptosis. Our study is aimed at exploring the role of TP53INP2 in ccRCC. Read More

Front Microbiol 2022 9;13:879739. Epub 2022 May 9.

Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.

Surfactin lipopeptide is an eco-friendly microbially synthesized bioproduct that holds considerable potential in therapeutics (antibiofilm) as well as in agriculture (antifungal). In the present study, production of surfactin by a marine strain MS20 was carried out, followed by physico-chemical characterization, anti-biofilm activity, plant growth promotion, and quantitative Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (q RT-PCR) studies. From the results, it was inferred that MS20 was found to produce biosurfactant (3,300 mg L) under optimized conditions. Read More

Dis Markers 2022 16;2022:2442094. Epub 2022 May 16.

Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 76, Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400010, China.

Both PCAT19 and miR-25-3p have been reported in lung cancer studies, but whether there is a correlation between the two and whether they jointly regulate the progress of lung cancer have not been reported yet. Therefore, this study carried out a further in-depth research. The expression of PCAT19 was detected in lung cancer (LC) tissues and cells by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Read More

Front Immunol 2022 9;13:880016. Epub 2022 May 9.

Department of Medicine E, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Ramat-Gan, Israel.

Background: Autoimmune neutropenia (AIN) is divided into primary and secondary forms. The former is more prevalent in children and is usually a self-limiting disease. Secondary AIN is more common in adults and often occurs in the setting of another autoimmune disorder or secondary to infections, malignancies or medications. Read More

Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2022 1;14(1):e2022038. Epub 2022 May 1.

Hematology, Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, 'Sapienza' University, Rome, Italy.

The past three decades have brought major therapeutic advances in treating acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) both in adults and children. The current state-of-the-art treatment with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO) in combination or not with chemotherapy results in long-lasting remission and cure in more than 90% of newly diagnosed patients. These treatments have made relapse a rare event. Read More

Front Neurosci 2022 9;16:905722. Epub 2022 May 9.

Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.

Aging is recognized as the key risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). This study aimed to identify and verify potential aging-related genes associated with AD using bioinformatics analysis. Aging-related differential expression genes (ARDEGs) were determined by the intersection of limma test, weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA), and 1153 aging and senescence-associated genes. Read More