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Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2021 Apr-Jun;64(2):294-301

Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, Anhui, China.

Background: Xanthoceraside is a component obtained in the husks of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge. Series of researches proved that xanthoceraside had functions of anti-inflammation and anti-tumor effects. However, the mechanisms of xanthoceraside against bladder cancer are unclear. Read More

Ann Transl Med 2021 Mar;9(6):465

Thoracic Surgery Department, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.

Background: The prognostic value of polybromo 1 () gene mutations in clear cell renal carcinoma (CCRCC) with anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) therapy remains controversial, and few studies have reported the impact of mutations in other cancer types.

Methods: The patient information was obtained from cBioPortal and the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) databases. Mann-Whitney U test were used for correlation analysis. Read More

Transl Androl Urol 2021 Mar;10(3):1541-1552

Oncologia Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

The American Joint Committee of Cancer (AJCC) tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) classification, with its periodical updates and modifications, has represented and still represents the basis of cancer staging. The historical, long-standing limitations of anatomic-based TNM staging have been recently "threatened" by the impressive amount of data derived from molecular analyses, which have led to an unprecedented level of understanding of cancer genomics. In fact, current era of personalized oncology has witnessed important efforts towards the integration between clinical, anatomical and molecular features; however, despite the promises, personalized oncology faces many obstacles, due to the complex relationship between tumor biomarkers, previously unknown cancer subtypes and clinical and anatomical characteristics. Read More

Transl Androl Urol 2021 Mar;10(3):1521-1529

Section of Pathological Anatomy, United Hospitals, School of Medicine, Polytechnic University of the Marche Region, Ancona, Italy.

Over the last few years efficacy of immunotherapy using immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) has been investigated in patients with bladder cancer (BC) at all stages. The present article aims to assess new therapeutic options with emerging agents in BC patients, shedding light on ICI-based treatments encompassing all disease stages, from non-muscle invasive (NMIBC) to muscle-invasive (MIBC) BC, concluding with metastatic MIBC. In bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) unresponsive patients with carcinoma in situ, pembrolizumab has been recently approved. Read More

Transl Androl Urol 2021 Mar;10(3):1347-1351

Department of Urology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea.

Indwelling urethral catheter placement is a common and comparatively safe procedure. Misplacement of a urethral catheter into the upper urinary tract is unusual, and only a few cases have been reported. We describe the case of a 43-year-old man who presented with oliguria and had a history of chemotherapy for known metastatic lung cancer. Read More

Transl Androl Urol 2021 Mar;10(3):1332-1341

Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China.

Background: The aim of this study is to elucidate the risk of urologic cancers in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC).

Methods: Electronic databases including PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase and Web of Science, and manual retrieval were conducted from inception to June 2020. Two reviewers independently searched the above databases and selected the studies using prespecified standardized criteria. Read More

Transl Androl Urol 2021 Mar;10(3):1286-1301

Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, China.

Background: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are essential regulators for various human cancers. However, these lncRNAs need to be further classified for cancer. In the present study, we identified novel competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network for bladder cancer (BC) and explored the gene functions of the ceRNA regulatory network. Read More

Transl Androl Urol 2021 Mar;10(3):1229-1240

Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.

Background: Recently, researches have implied that immune-related lncRNAs (IR-lncRNAs) have a vital role in tumor occurrence and development. However, the study in bladder cancer (Bca) is still unclear. New biomarkers and reliable prognostic models for Bca are still limited. Read More

Transl Androl Urol 2021 Mar;10(3):1192-1201

Department of Urology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.

Background: Although the patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) generally have poor prognosis, the utility of these biomarkers for the prediction of oncological outcomes in MIBC has not been completely explored. Ghrelin regulates processes associated with cancer, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell migration, cell invasion, and angiogenesis. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the impact of serum ghrelin levels on survival in MIBC. Read More

Transl Androl Urol 2021 Mar;10(3):1143-1151

Department of Urology, Hirosaki University, Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan.

Background: We aimed to investigate the association of frailty with treatment selection in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) as frailty is one of the key factors for modality selection.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated frailty in 169 patients with MIBC from January 2014 to September 2020 using the Fried phenotype, modified frailty index, and frailty discriminant score. The primary purpose was comparing the frailty between the patients who underwent radical cystectomy (RC) with those who had trimodal therapy (TMT) for bladder preservation. Read More

Clin Cancer Res 2021 Apr 13. Epub 2021 Apr 13.

LTG, NIH/NCI/DCEG.

Purpose: Exome and whole-genome sequencing of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (BC) has revealed important insights into the molecular landscape; however, there are few studies of non-muscle invasive BC with detailed risk factor information.

Experimental Design: We examined the relationship between smoking and other BC risk factors and somatic mutations and mutational signatures in bladder tumors. Targeted sequencing of frequently mutated genes in BC was conducted in 322 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded bladder tumors from a population-based case-control study. Read More

J Immunother Cancer 2021 Apr;9(4)

Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA

Background: Anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (αPD-L1) immunotherapy is approved to treat bladder cancer (BC) but is effective in <30% of patients. Interleukin (IL)-2/αIL-2 complexes (IL-2c) that preferentially target IL-2 receptor β (CD122) augment CD8 antitumor T cells known to improve αPD-L1 efficacy. We hypothesized that the tumor microenvironment, including local immune cells in primary versus metastatic BC, differentially affects immunotherapy responses and that IL-2c effects could differ from, and thus complement αPD-L1. Read More

J Endourol 2021 Apr 13. Epub 2021 Apr 13.

Universidad de Monterrey, 27808, Dirección de Especialidades Médicas, San Pedro Garza Garcia, Nuevo León, Mexico;

Introduction: Urethral and bladder neck stricture (U/BNS) is a complication that occurs in up to 9% of patients following transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). The most relevant risk factors reported are prolonged surgical duration and prostatic volume. The purpose of this study is to analyze risk factors associated with the development of U/BNS following TURP. Read More

Comput Med Imaging Graph 2021 Mar 31;90:101911. Epub 2021 Mar 31.

Bioengineering Department, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA. Electronic address:

Appropriate treatment of bladder cancer (BC) is widely based on accurate and early BC staging. In this paper, a multiparametric computer-aided diagnostic (MP-CAD) system is developed to differentiate between BC staging, especially T1 and T2 stages, using T2-weighted (T2W) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion-weighted (DW) MRI. Our framework starts with the segmentation of the bladder wall (BW) and localization of the whole BC volume (V) and its extent inside the wall (V). Read More

Pathol Int 2021 Apr 13. Epub 2021 Apr 13.

Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.

Upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is a rare tumor with an incidence that varies greatly between Eastern and Western countries. Transaldolase 1 (TALDO1) is a rate-limiting enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway. In humans, aberrant TALDO1 activity has been implicated in various autoimmune diseases and malignancies; however, the function of TALDO1 in UTUC has not been previously investigated. Read More

Int Braz J Urol 2021 Jul-Aug;47(4):819-820

Disciplina de Urologia, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brasil.

Int Braz J Urol 2021 Jul-Aug;47(4):803-818

Department of Population, Health University of Kansas Health System, Kansas City, KS, United States.

Background: Guideline-based best practice treatment for muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) involves neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical cystectomy (NACRC). Prior studies have shown that a minority of patients receive NACRC and older age and renal function are drivers of non-receipt of NACRC. This study investigates treatment rates and factors associated with not receiving NACRC in MIBC patients with lower comorbidity status most likely to be candidates for NACRC. Read More

Future Microbiol 2021 Apr 13. Epub 2021 Apr 13.

Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197, Rui Jin Er Road, Shanghai, 200025, People's Republic of China.

To describe gut microbiome and functional genes of asthma. Fecal microbiome in controls, asthma patients with and without inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) treatment was determined. Patients with ICS had lower abundance of , unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae and Lachnospiraceae_NC2004_group, higher abundance of and than patients without ICS. Read More

JA Clin Rep 2021 Apr 12;7(1):33. Epub 2021 Apr 12.

Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Kagoshima University Hospital, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan.

Background: Cancer pain management in children is challenging owing to their unique patient characteristics. We present the case of a 10-year-old girl whose cancer pain was successfully managed using an intrathecal neurolytic block.

Case Presentation: The patient experienced severe cancer pain due to recurrent right ilium osteosarcoma. Read More

Mol Med Rep 2021 Jun 13;23(6). Epub 2021 Apr 13.

Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China.

Propofol‑based anesthesia has been reported to reduce the recurrence and metastasis of a number of cancer types following surgical resection. However, the effects of propofol in bladder cancer (BC) are yet to be fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the functions of propofol in BC and their underlying mechanisms. Read More

Int J Mol Med 2021 Jun 13;47(6). Epub 2021 Apr 13.

Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003, P.R. China.

Bladder cancer (BC) is among the most common urinary system tumors with a high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite advancements being made in the diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer, targeted therapy remains the most promising treatment, and novel therapeutic targets are urgently required in to improve the outcomes of patients with BC. Kinesin family member 4A (KIF4A) is a plus‑end directed motor protein involved in the regulation of multiple cellular processes, such as mitosis and axon growth. Read More

Br J Cancer 2021 Apr 12. Epub 2021 Apr 12.

Translational Radiobiology Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Christie NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, Manchester, UK.

Background: miRNAs are promising biomarkers in oncology as their small size makes them less susceptible to degradation than mRNA in FFPE tissue. We aimed to derive a hypoxia-associated miRNA signature for bladder cancer.

Methods: Taqman miRNA array cards identified miRNA seed genes induced under hypoxia in bladder cancer cell lines. Read More

Urol Oncol 2021 Apr 10. Epub 2021 Apr 10.

University of Colorado, Division of Urology, Aurora, CO; Yale University, Cancer Outcomes and Public Policy Effectiveness Research, (COPPER) Center, New Haven, CT. Electronic address:

Introduction: Radiation therapy (XRT) has been investigated as a possible treatment for high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) with the goal of bladder preservation, especially with the ongoing Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) shortage. Yet, little is known about the clinical efficacy and the quality of evidence supporting XRT for NMIBC. Herein, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate XRT in the treatment of patients with high-risk NMIBC. Read More

Stem Cell Res Ther 2021 Apr 12;12(1):231. Epub 2021 Apr 12.

School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia.

Background: Direct bone marrow injection of cells into murine marrow cavities is used in a range of cell characterization assays and to develop disease models. While human bone marrow-derived stromal cells (hBMSC, also known as mesenchymal stem cells (MSC)) are frequently described in therapeutic applications, or disease modeling, their behavior following direct injection into murine bone marrow is poorly characterized. Herein, we characterized hBMSC engraftment and persistence within the bone marrow of NOD-scid interleukin (IL)-2γ (NSG) mice with or without prior 2 Gy total-body γ-irradiation of recipient mice. Read More

BMC Urol 2021 Apr 12;21(1):60. Epub 2021 Apr 12.

Department of Urology, University of Tuebingen Hospital, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.

Background: CD276 is an immune checkpoint molecule. Elevated CD276 expression by urothelial carcinoma is associated with poor prognosis, but little is known about its expression across different tumor stages. We therefore investigated CD276 expression in bladder cancer (BC) cells and in tissue samples of BC stages from pT2 to pT4. Read More

Front Cell Dev Biol 2021 24;9:675417. Epub 2021 Mar 24.

Center for Translational Medicine, Institute of Precision Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021. Read More

Front Oncol 2021 26;11:655000. Epub 2021 Mar 26.

Department of Urology, Medical University of Silesia, Zabrze, Poland.

Introduction: Transurethral resection of bladder tumor with subsequent BCG immunotherapy is the current gold standard in the treatment of high risk and some medium-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Clinical factors like stage, grade, age and gender are well-know predictors of progression to muscle-invasive bladder cancer. In recent years novel hematological biomarkers were shown to be independent predictors of progression. Read More

Front Oncol 2021 25;11:641385. Epub 2021 Mar 25.

Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.

Background: This study aimed to assess the prognostic value of various diagnostic immunohistochemical (IHC) markers and develop an IHC-based classifier to predict the disease-free survival (DFS) of patients with bladder cancer undergoing radical cystectomy.

Methods: IHC was performed on tumor specimens from 366 patients with transitional cell bladder cancer. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression model was used to develop a multi-marker classifier for predicting DFS of patients with bladder cancer. Read More

Gland Surg 2021 Mar;10(3):1230-1234

Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.

As ovarian cancer commonly involves the visceral organs without boundary, more aggressive procedures are adopted during cytoreductive surgery. One of the most difficult aspect of the operation involves the procedure for the gall bladder, porta hepatis, and omental bursa. As the upper abdominal surgical field is not familiar to the gynecologic surgeon, and the vital organs or vessels are densely positioned, these procedures can be challenging for achieving the optimal cytoreductive surgery. Read More

BJR Case Rep 2021 Apr 3;7(2):20200102. Epub 2020 Nov 3.

Department of Radiology, Royal United Hospital, Combe Park, Bath, Avon, United Kingdom.

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), a glycoprotein that is highly expressed in prostate cancer, has been used as a target for molecular radiotherapy as well as imaging. Over the last couple of years, F-PSMA gained popularity due to its longer half-life (110 min) compared to gallium Ga-PSMA (68 min). This has helped the dissemination beyond large metropolitan centres. Read More