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SAHARA J 2021 Dec;18(1):64-76

Mzantsi Wakho, East London, South Africa.

This paper explores how HIV-positive (young male initiates) undergoing (traditional Xhosa initiation and circumcision) engage with HIV-related biomedical care and treatment. Health-focused life history narratives ( = 36), semi-structured interviews ( = 32) and analysis of health facility files ( = 41) with adolescent boys and young men (ages 13-24) living with HIV, and semi-structured interviews with traditional and biomedical health practitioners ( = 14) were conducted in 2017 and 2018. This research was part of the Mzantsi Wakho study, a longitudinal, mixed methods study of adolescents living with HIV ( = 1060). Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2021 Apr 12;14(4). Epub 2021 Apr 12.

Internal Medicine, Howard University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA

Coccidioidomycosis is a systemic fungal infection first described in 1892. More than 95% of annual cases occur in Arizona and California. It is an opportunistic infection (OI) transmitted via inhalation of airborne spores (arthroconidia) and rarely via percutaneous inoculation into a tissue or solid organ transplantation in patients who are immunocompromised and with HIV. Read More

J Pediatr Nurs 2021 Apr 9. Epub 2021 Apr 9.

Federal University of Santa Catarina, Research Center in Kinanthropometry and Human Performance, Sports Centre, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.

Purpose: verify whether there is difference in body fat values assessed by different methods according to the body image perception of HIV-infected children and adolescents.

Design And Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with 65 HIV-infected children and adolescents (aged 8-15 years). Total fat mass, trunk fat mass, arm fat mass and leg fat mass were obtained through dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Read More

Curr Top Med Chem 2021 Apr 12. Epub 2021 Apr 12.

Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062. India.

With the introduction of antiretroviral therapy, the worldwide AIDS-related deaths have decreased, and life expectancy has increased, so has the prevalence of AIDS-related neurological disorders or neuroAIDS. HIV associated neurocognitive disorder such as mild neurocognitive disorder and asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment have largely remained stable or increased among the HIV infected individuals in the combination antiretroviral therapy era and with the emerging evidence that antiretrovirals with high CNS penetration effectiveness score contribute to the neurotoxicity and HIV associated neurocognitive disorder. have ushered the search for natural, nontoxic bioactive constituents having pre-established neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and restorative neurocognitive activity. Read More

Rev Chilena Infectol 2021 Feb;38(1):108-113

Fundación Cardio-infantil, Bogotá, Colombia.

Hematological manifestations for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are frequent and diverse due to its ability to affect almost all cell lines. Among these, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is one of the thrombotic microangiopathies syndromes, characterized by the presence of thrombocytopenia and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia with impaired renal function. Nowadays, the relationship between these two entities is rare given the current highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Read More

Rev Med Chil 2020 Nov;148(11):1550-1557

Laboratorio de Medicina Molecular, Hospital Clínico, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.

Background: Transmitted drug resistance (TDR) occurs in patients with HIV infection who are not exposed to antiretroviral drugs but who are infected with a virus with mutations associated with resistance.

Aim: To determine the prevalence of TDR and characterize HIV reverse transcriptase and protease mutation patterns.

Material And Methods: HIV infected antiretroviral treatment-naive patients treated in three centers between 2014 and 2018 were studied. Read More

AIDS Rev 2021 Apr 12. Epub 2021 Apr 12.

Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, AIDS Reference Center, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, UCLouvain, Brussels. Belgium.

Many innovations, such as long-acting agents, new delivery modalities (injectable and nanoparticles), and novel paradigms (immunotherapy or dual therapy), have been introduced to facilitate the administration of antiretroviral treatment (ART) to patients infected with HIV and improve their adherence and quality of life without altering the drugs' effectiveness. Studies have investigated the use of intermittent treatment, especially weekends-off ART in HIV-suppressed patients. In this review, we analyzed data concerning intermittent ART to help determine if this strategy is reasonable for the management of patients living with HIV. Read More

Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2021 May;16(3):186-191

Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research, School of Medicine, University College Dublin.

Purpose Of Review: People living with HIV (PWH) are at greater risk of low bone mineral density (BMD) and fractures compared to the general population. This narrative review summarises recent literature in the field, including the relative contribution of antiretroviral therapy and frailty to low BMD and fractures in PWH.

Recent Findings: The body of evidence indicating less impact on BMD from the use of tenofovir alafenamide compared to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate continues to grow, although this has not yet translated into data supporting a reduction in fracture incidence. Read More

Elife 2021 Apr 12;10. Epub 2021 Apr 12.

Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, United States.

A minor subset of individuals infected with HIV-1 develop antibody neutralization breadth during the natural course of the infection, often linked to chronic, high-level viremia. Despite significant efforts, vaccination strategies have been unable to induce similar neutralization breadth and the mechanisms underlying neutralizing antibody induction remain largely elusive. Broadly neutralizing antibody responses can also be found in individuals who control HIV to low and even undetectable plasma levels in the absence of antiretroviral therapy, suggesting that high antigen exposure is not a strict requirement for neutralization breadth. Read More