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Adv Exp Med Biol 2021 ;1310:91-113

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea.

High-resolution fluorescence tissue imaging with the application of moxifloxacin as a cell-labelling agent is described. Moxifloxacin is an antibiotic used in the clinic to both treat and prevent bacterial infections, and it has both good pharmacokinetic properties for tissue penetration and intrinsic fluorescence under ultraviolet (UV) excitation. Alternative usage of moxifloxacin as the cell-labelling agent was discovered and its imaging applications have been explored. Read More

JAMA 2021 04;325(13):1286-1295

Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.

Importance: Controlling antimicrobial resistance in health care is a public health priority, although data describing antimicrobial use in US nursing homes are limited.

Objective: To measure the prevalence of antimicrobial use and describe antimicrobial classes and common indications among nursing home residents.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Cross-sectional, 1-day point-prevalence surveys of antimicrobial use performed between April 2017 and October 2017, last survey date October 31, 2017, and including 15 276 residents present on the survey date in 161 randomly selected nursing homes from selected counties of 10 Emerging Infections Program (EIP) states. Read More

Int J Nanomedicine 2021 25;16:2405-2417. Epub 2021 Mar 25.

Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Purpose: Ciprofloxacin (CIP) has poor lung targeting after oral inhalation. This study developed optimized inhalable nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) for CIP to enhance deposition and accumulation in deeper parts of the lungs for treatment of noncystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (NCFB).

Methods: NLC formulations based on stearic acid and oleic acid were successfully prepared by hot homogenization and in vitro-characterized. Read More

Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2021 Mar 30. Epub 2021 Mar 30.

Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.

Purpose: Acute uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common indications for antibiotic prescriptions in otherwise healthy women. We compared the risk of treatment failure of antibiotic regimens for outpatient treatment of UTI in real-world practice.

Methods: We identified non-pregnant, premenopausal women diagnosed with uncomplicated, lower tract UTI and prescribed an oral antibiotic with activity against common uropathogens. Read More

Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2021 May 25;106(5):866-872. Epub 2021 Mar 25.

Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, PR China.

Orthogonal experiments were used to simulate the enrofloxacin (ENR) elimination dynamic in deeper water of aquaculture. Two factors at values common in fishery water (temperature of 20°C, 25°C, and 30°C; pH of 5, 7, and 9) were studied. The degradation of ENR in the nine treatment groups ranged from 44. Read More

Ann Emerg Med 2021 04;77(4):e93-e94

Department of Emergency Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Emergency Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.

J Am Vet Med Assoc 2021 Apr;258(7):758-766

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-, carbapenem-, and fluoroquinolone-resistant bacteria of the family Enterobacteriaceae in the feces of hospitalized horses and on hospital surfaces.

Sample: Fecal and environmental samples were collected from The Ohio State University Galbreath Equine Center (OSUGEC) and a private referral equine hospital in Kentucky (KYEH). Feces were sampled within 24 hours after hospital admission and after 48 hours and 3 to 7 days of hospitalization. Read More

J Med Microbiol 2021 Mar 22;70(3). Epub 2021 Mar 22.

Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.

The possible transfer of antimicrobial resistance genes between isolates from humans and different animal species, including those not covered by monitoring programs (e.g. pet and wildlife), poses a serious threat to public health. Read More

Rev Esp Quimioter 2021 Apr 22;34(2):81-92. Epub 2021 Mar 22.

Rafael Cantón. Servicio de Microbiología. Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal e Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS). Madrid. Spain.

From a microbiological point of view, both empirical and targeted antimicrobial treatment in respiratory infection is based on the sensitivity profile of isolated microorganisms and the possible resistance mechanisms that they may present. The latter may vary in different geographic areas according to prescription profiles and vaccination programs. Beta-lactam antibiotics, fluoroquinolones, and macrolides are the most commonly used antimicrobials during the exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and community-acquired pneumonia. Read More

J Environ Sci (China) 2021 May 6;103:93-107. Epub 2020 Nov 6.

Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Engineering Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China. Electronic address:

In order to enhance the removal performance of graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN) on organic pollutant, a simultaneous process of adsorption and photocatalysis was achieved via the compounding of biochar and g-CN. In this study, g-CN was obtained by a condensation reaction of melamine at 550°C. Then the g-CN/biochar composites were synthesized by ball milling biochar and g-CN together, which was considered as a simple, economical, and green strategy. Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2021 Mar 20;21(1):285. Epub 2021 Mar 20.

Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105, AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Background: The systemic response to an infection might influence the pharmacokinetics of antibiotics. To evaluate the desired possibility of an earlier (< 24 h) IV-to-oral switch therapy in febrile non-ICU, hospitalized patients, a systematic review was performed to assess the effect of the initial phase of a systemic infection on the bioavailability of orally administered antibiotics in such patients.

Methods: An electronic search was conducted in MEDLINE and Embase up to July 2020. Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2021 Mar 18;21(1):273. Epub 2021 Mar 18.

WHO Collaborating Centre for Gonorrhoea and other STIs, National Reference Laboratory for Sexually Transmitted Infections, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.

Background: The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Neisseria gonorrhoeae, nationally and internationally, is a serious threat to the management and control of gonorrhoea. Limited and conflicting data regarding the epidemiological drivers of gonococcal AMR internationally have been published. We examined the antimicrobial susceptibility/resistance of gonococcal isolates (n = 15,803) collected across 27 European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA) countries in 2009-2016, in conjunction to epidemiological and clinical data of the corresponding patients, to elucidate associations between antimicrobial susceptibility/resistance and patients' gender, sexual orientation and anatomical site of infection. Read More

Sci Total Environ 2021 Jun 28;771:145455. Epub 2021 Jan 28.

Yunnan Key Lab of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China. Electronic address:

The adsorption of ofloxacin (OFL) on oxidized activated carbon (AC) and carbon nanotube (CNT) are compared, focusing on the differences in carbon structures. Chemical oxidation of carbonaceous materials inhibited OFL adsorption to AC, but enhanced their adsorption to CNT. The higher number of oxygen-containing functional groups facilitated the interaction of the material with water molecules, causing the blockage of AC inner pore. Read More

J Environ Manage 2021 Jun 15;287:112354. Epub 2021 Mar 15.

Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Fac. Sciences, Univ. Vigo, 32004, Ourense, Spain. Electronic address:

In this work batch-type experiments were used to study the adsorption of the antibiotics doxycycline (DC), enrofloxacin (ENR), and sulfamethoxypyridazine (SMP) in cultivation soils, before and after the removal of soil organic matter. Organic matter removal by calcination resulted not only in C and N removal, but also in increased soil pH, exchangeable basic cations and surface area values. The results indicate a very different behavior depending on the type of antibiotic, showing the adsorption sequence DC > ENR > SMP. Read More

Water Res 2021 May 3;196:117003. Epub 2021 Mar 3.

State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China; Sino-Danish Center for Science and Education, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

In this study, we evaluated the biotransformation mechanisms of lincomycin (LIN) and three fluoroquinolone antibiotics (FQs), ciprofloxacin (CFX), norfloxacin (NFX), and ofloxacin (OFX), which regularly enter aquatic environments through human activities, by different ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms (AOM). The organisms included a pure culture of the complete ammonia oxidizer (comammox) Nitrospira inopinata, an ammonia oxidizing archaeon (AOA) Nitrososphaera gargensis, and an ammonia-oxidizing bacterium (AOB) Nitrosomonas nitrosa Nm90. The removal of these antibiotics by the pure microbial cultures and the protein-normalized biotransformation rate constants indicated that LIN was significantly co-metabolically biotransformed by AOA and comammox, but not by AOB. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2021 Mar;100(10):e24915

Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University.

Rationale: Antibiotic resistance poses a challenge for Helicobacter pylori eradication treatment. Current guidelines strongly recommend avoiding repeated treatments with the same antibiotic to prevent the emergence of drug resistance. However, for penicillin-allergic patients with recurrent H. Read More

Ter Arkh 2020 Dec 26;92(11):24-30. Epub 2020 Dec 26.

Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry.

Aim: Systematization of data on antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori in Russia over the past 10 years.

Methods: A search for studies were carried out in electronic databases MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, Russian Science Citation Index. We analyzed the papers published over the past 10 years (2011 to 2020). Read More

J Vis Exp 2021 02 23(168). Epub 2021 Feb 23.

Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston;

Bacterial persisters are defined as a small subpopulation of phenotypic variants with the capability of tolerating high concentrations of antibiotics. They are an important health concern as they have been associated with recurrent chronic infections. Although stochastic and deterministic dynamics of stress-related mechanisms are known to play a significant role in persistence, mechanisms underlying the phenotypic switch to/from the persistence state are not completely understood. Read More

AAPS PharmSciTech 2021 Mar 11;22(3):98. Epub 2021 Mar 11.

Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) emphasizes drug product development by Quality by Design (QbD). Read More

Anatol J Cardiol 2021 03;25(3):184-190

Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University; Ankara-Turkey.

Objective: The effects of treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with a triple combination composed of hydroxychloroquine, an an-tiviral, and an antibiotic on electrocardiography (ECG) parameters in patients with mild-to-moderate symptoms are not wholly understood. We aimed to explore the changes in ECG parameters after treatment with triple combination therapy in patients with mild-to-moderate symptomatic COVID-19.

Methods: This retrospective, single-center case series analyzed 91 patients with mild-to-moderate symptomatic COVID-19 at Ankara Gazi Mus-tafa Kemal State Hospital of Ankara City, Turkey, from April 1, 2020, to April 30, 2020. Read More

S D Med 2020 Dec;73(12):575-581

College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, South Dakota State University.

Introduction: Patients with self-reported penicillin allergies frequently receive unnecessary broad-spectrum antibiotics, which are associated with poor outcomes for patients and healthcare systems. The objective of this study was to determine the significance of broad-spectrum antibiotic prescription among patients with a documented penicillin allergy.

Methods: Retrospective chart review identified a cohort of penicillin allergic patients admitted to the primary medical-surgical floors at Avera McKennan that received intravenous or oral antibiotics. Read More

Pan Afr Med J 2020 1;37:290. Epub 2020 Dec 1.

Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Cliniques Universitaires de Lubumbashi, Université de Lubumbashi, Province du Haut Katanga, Ville de Lubumbashi, République Démocratique du Congo.

Introduction: acute prostatitis is a common urological condition. The purpose of this study was to analyze the epidemioclinical features and therapy of acute prostatitis associated with noncancerous prostate at the Lubumbashi University Clinics.

Methods: we conducted a descriptive cross-sectional and retrospective study of a series of 25 patients with documented acute prostatitis and treated at the Lubumbashi University Clinics over a period of four years, from 2015 to 2018. Read More

Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd 2021 Mar;163(3):227-237

Klinik für Zoo-, Heim- und Wildtiere, Vetsuisse-Fakultät, Universität Zürich.

Introduction: Monitoring programs and guidelines on the use of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance in human and veterinary medicine have been developed worldwide to promote the prudent use of antibiotics in recent years. However, such information on the use of antibiotics in exotic pets is absent. This fact must be taken into account, since the number of exotic pet patients is constantly increasing and the administration of antibiotics is particular challenging due to the diversity of species and the differences in physiology. Read More

J Environ Sci (China) 2021 Apr 2;102:170-184. Epub 2020 Oct 2.

School of Marine Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory on the Study of Coral Reefs in the South China Sea, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China.

Seven popular fluoroquinolone antibiotics (FQs) in synthetic marine aquaculture water were subject to sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) disinfection scenario to investigate their reaction kinetics and transformation during chlorination. Reactivity of each FQ to NaClO was following the order of ofloxacin (OFL) > enrofloxacin (ENR) > lomefloxacin (LOM) > ciprofloxacin (CIP) ~ norfloxacin (NOR) > pipemedic acid (PIP), while flumequine did not exhibit reactivity. The coexisting chlorine ions and sulfate ions in the water slightly facilitated the oxidation of FQs by NaClO, while humic acid was inhibitable to their degradation. Read More

Food Chem 2021 Jul 10;351:129279. Epub 2021 Feb 10.

Instituto de Química de San Luis (CCT-San Luis), Área de Química Analítica, Facultad de Química Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Laboratorio de Espectrometría de Masas, Bloque III, Ejército de los Andes 950, San Luis CP5700, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290 CP C1425FQB, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Electronic address:

The use of the antibiotic enrofloxacin (ENR) in poultry is controversial. A high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to fast-scanning fluorescence detection (HPLC-FSFD) method for the determination of ENR in egg white, egg yolk, and lyophilized samples was developed. In a first analysis, the long-term administration of ENR (100 days) to laying hens was carried out to determine its presence in egg white, yolk, or both. Read More

Bioresour Technol 2021 May 14;328:124826. Epub 2021 Feb 14.

School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, PR China. Electronic address:

Fluoroquinolone antibiotics like ofloxacin (OFL) have been frequently detected in the aquatic environment. Recently manganese-oxidizing bacteria (MOB) have attracted research efforts on the degradation of recalcitrant pollutants with the aid of their biogenic manganese oxides (BioMnOx). Herein, the degradation of OFL with a strain of MOB (Pseudomonas sp. Read More

J Med Microbiol 2021 Mar 19;70(3). Epub 2021 Feb 19.

Centre for Women's Infectious Diseases, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.

Increasing levels of antibiotic resistance are complicating treatment for the sexually transmitted pathogen . Resistance to fluoroquinolones is associated with mutations in the gene. Although the precise mutations conferring resistance are not fully understood, the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) G248T/S83I is most implicated. Read More

Toxicol Lett 2021 May 17;342:73-84. Epub 2021 Feb 17.

Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea; Department of Human and Environmental Toxicology, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:

Trovafloxacin (TVX) is associated with idiosyncratic drug-induced liver injury (iDILI) and inflammation-mediated hepatotoxicity. However, the inflammatory stress-regulated mechanisms in iDILI remain unclear. Herein, we elucidated the novel role of tumor-necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), an inflammatory stress factor, in TVX-induced in vitro hepatotoxicity and synergistic toxicity. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2021 Feb 19;14(2). Epub 2021 Feb 19.

Department of Orthopedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences - Rishikesh, Rishikesh, India.

Isolated multidrug-resistant (MDR) tubercular tenosynovitis of the flexor tendons of finger without involvement of wrist is a rare presentation. Tenosynovitis of hand is an uncommon manifestation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Pyogenic flexor tenosynovitis of hand is frequently seen and is the closest differential. Read More

Science 2021 02;371(6531)

Institute for Medical Engineering and Science and Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USA.

Although metabolism plays an active role in antibiotic lethality, antibiotic resistance is generally associated with drug target modification, enzymatic inactivation, and/or transport rather than metabolic processes. Evolution experiments of rely on growth-dependent selection, which may provide a limited view of the antibiotic resistance landscape. We sequenced and analyzed adapted to representative antibiotics at increasingly heightened metabolic states. Read More