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Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2021 Feb 12;15:92-104. Epub 2021 Feb 12.

Universidade do Grande Rio (UNIGRANRIO) and UFRJ (Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

The parasitic diseases represent the most important health risk, especially in underdeveloped countries where they have a deep impact on public health. Trichomoniasis is a prevalent non-viral sexually transmitted disease, and a significant amount of new cases are identified each year globally. Furthermore, the infection is linked with serious concerns such as pregnancy outcomes, infertility, predisposition to cervical and prostate cancer, and increased transmission and acquisition of HIV. Read More

Planta Med 2021 Feb 12. Epub 2021 Feb 12.

Faculdade de Farmácia, Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Santana, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.

causes trichomoniasis, a nonviral sexually transmitted infection with a high prevalence worldwide. Oral metronidazole is the drug of choice for the treatment of this disease, although high levels of resistance to this agent are well documented in the literature. This study describes the anti- activity of an optimized coumarin-rich extract from . Read More

Eur J Med Chem 2021 Jan 4;210:112994. Epub 2020 Nov 4.

Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.

Nitroimidazoles based compounds remain a hot topic of research in medicinal chemistry due to their numerous biological activities. Moreover, many clinical candidates based on this chemical core have been reported to be valuable in the treatment of human diseases. Metronidazole (MTZ) derived conjugates demonstrated a potential application in medicinal chemistry research over the last decade. Read More

Acta Parasitol 2021 Mar 20;66(1):1-12. Epub 2020 Jul 20.

Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.

Purpose: Propolis (bee glue) is a resinous mixture of different plant exudates that possesses a wide range of biological and antimicrobial activities and has been used as a food supplement and in complementary medicine for centuries. Some researchers have proposed that propolis could be a potential curative compound against microbial agents such as protozoan parasitic infections by different and occasionally unknown mechanisms due to the immunoregulatory function and antioxidant capacity of this natural product.

Methods: In this review, we concentrate on in vitro and in vivo anti-protozoan activities of propolis extracts/fractions in the published literature. Read More

Parasitol Res 2020 Aug 11;119(8):2587-2595. Epub 2020 Jun 11.

Laboratório de Pesquisa em Parasitologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil.

Lycorine is an Amaryllidaceae alkaloid that presents anti-Trichomonas vaginalis activity. T. vaginalis causes trichomoniasis, the most common non-viral sexually transmitted infection. Read More

Food Res Int 2020 08 15;134:109236. Epub 2020 Apr 15.

Centro de Biotecnologia do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Electronic address:

Poincianella (Caesalpinia) microphylla fractions were analyzed by LC-DAD-MS and by statistical tools to determine the possible bioactive compounds against T. vaginalis. Tannins enriched-fractions toxicity (M5 and M10) were analyzed in in vitro against human red cells and in in vivo model of Galleria mellonella. Read More

J Infect Dev Ctries 2019 03 31;13(3):240-244. Epub 2019 Mar 31.

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, İzmir Katip Çelebi University, İzmir, Turkey.

Introduction: In the classic treatment of Trichomonas vaginalis infection, although metronidazole has been used since the 1960s, there has been an increase in MTZ-resistant T. vaginalis strains and failure in the treatment of trichomoniasis causes serious concerns. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the in vitro antitrichomonal activities of extracts (ethanol and total alkaloid) and pure compounds (chrysosplenetin, dictamnine, gamma-Fagarine, skimmianine) of H. Read More

Iran J Parasitol 2019 Jan-Mar;14(1):1-9

Student Research Committee, Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.

Background: Trichomoniasis, due to , is one of the most common sexually transmitted parasitic diseases in the world such as Iran. This systematic review aimed to explore the studies evaluating the medicinal herbs with anti- activity which used in Iran.

Methods: Articles published in 4 Persian and 4 English databases were obtained between 2000 and 2015 including Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Magiran, Barakatkns (formerly IranMedex), Elm net, and SID (Scientific Information Database). Read More

Fitoterapia 2019 Jul 21;136:104179. Epub 2019 May 21.

Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Espectrometria de Massas (LaPNEM), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição (FACFAN), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), 79070-900, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil. Electronic address:

Essential oils, mixtures of volatile compounds, are targets of research for new antimicrobial drugs. In order to verify the potential from species of the Nectandra genus, the present study evaluated the essential oils from Nectandra amazonum, Nectandra cuspidata, Nectandra gardineri, Nectandra hihua and Nectandra megapotamica to prospect samples with high concentration of a component and its antibacterial, antibiofilm and anti-Trichomonas vaginalis activities. The essential oils from the leaves and barks were extracted by steam distillation and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Read More

Parasitol Res 2019 Feb 7;118(2):607-615. Epub 2018 Dec 7.

Laboratório de Pesquisa em Parasitologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil.

Trichomoniasis is the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease worldwide and can lead to serious consequences in reproductive health, cancer, and HIV acquisition. The current approved treatment present adverse effects and drug resistance data on this neglected parasitic infection is underestimated. Chalcones are a family of molecules that present biological applications, such as activity against many pathogenic organisms including protozoan pathogens. Read More

Parasitology 2019 08 12;146(9):1179-1183. Epub 2018 Sep 12.

Laboratório de Pesquisa em Parasitologia, Faculdade de Farmácia,Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul,Av. Ipiranga, 2752, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS,Brazil.

Trichomonas vaginalis is responsible for the most common non-viral, sexually transmitted infection, human trichomoniasis, and is associated with an increased susceptibility to HIV. An escalation in resistance (2.5-10%) to the clinical drug, metronidazole (MTZ), has been detected and this compound also has adverse side-effects. Read More

Food Res Int 2018 09 23;111:661-673. Epub 2018 May 23.

Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Espectrometria de Massas (LaPNEM), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição (FACFAN), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Campo Grande, MS 79070-900, Brazil. Electronic address:

Propolis, a resin produced by bees, is widely used in industrial products, including food, cosmetics, supplements, and pharmaceuticals. Extracts (ethanolic and hydroethanolic) and fractions, yielded by accelerated solvent extraction methodology, were obtained from different samples of Brazilian brown propolis (BBP). They were evaluated for antioxidant capacity, antibacterial, antibiofilm, and anti-Trichomonas vaginalis activities. Read More

Int J Pharm 2018 Sep 3;548(1):276-287. Epub 2018 Jul 3.

Institut Galien Paris Sud, Junior Member of the Institut Universitaire de France, UMR CNRS 8612, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5, rue J-B. Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France. Electronic address:

Previous data from our research group showed that chitosan-coated poly(isobutylcyanoacrylate) nanoparticles (NPs) (denoted PIBCA/Chito20) exhibited intrinsic anti-Trichomonas vaginalis activity, while PIBCA/pluronic® F68 without chitosan (PIBCA/F68) were inactive. However, the mechanism of anti-T. vaginalis activity of chitosan-coated PIBCA NPs is still unknown. Read More

Med Chem 2018 ;14(8):773-783

Corporate Research & Development Centre, HLL Lifecare Limited, Akkulam, Trivandrum-695017, India.

Background: In our previous work, several piperazine derived bis(dialkylaminethiocarbonyl) disulfides and disulfide esters of dithiocarbamic acid have been synthesized and evaluated for their spermicidal and microbicidal efficacy. These studies have provided some promising compounds for developing a dually active vaginal microbicidal contraceptive which is under pre-clinical stage.

Objective: The main objective of this study was the design synthesis and biological evaluation of bis(dialkylaminethiocarbonyl) disulfides (4-15) and 2,2'-disulfanediylbis (3-(substituted-1-yl) propane-2,1-diyl) disubstituted-1-carbodithioates (19-28) as non-surfactant molecules capable of eliminating Trichomonas vaginalis as well as irreversibly immobilizing 100% human sperm promptly. Read More

Exp Parasitol 2018 Jun 27;189:72-75. Epub 2018 Apr 27.

Institut Galien Paris Sud, Junior Member of the Institut Universitaire de France, UMR CNRS 8612, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5, Rue J-B. Clément, 92296, Châtenay-Malabry, France. Electronic address:

Metronidazole (MTZ) is a 5-nitroimidazole drug used for the treatment of Trichomonas vaginalis parasitic infection. Aqueous formulations containing MTZ are restricted because apparent solubility in water of this drug is low. In this context, two methylated-β-cyclodextrins (CRYSMEB and RAMEB) were used as a tool to increase apparent solubility of MTZ in water. Read More

Parasitol Res 2018 May 23;117(5):1573-1580. Epub 2018 Mar 23.

Laboratório de Pesquisa em Parasitologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, Porto Alegre, RS, 90610-000, Brazil.

Trichomonas vaginalis is an extracellular parasite that binds to the epithelium of the human urogenital tract and causes the sexually transmitted infection, trichomoniasis. In view of increased resistance to drugs belonging to the 5-nitroimidazole class, new treatment alternatives are urgently needed. In this study, eight semisynthetized triterpene derivatives were evaluated for in vitro anti-T. Read More

Eur J Med Chem 2018 Jan 13;143:232-243. Epub 2017 Nov 13.

College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Nebraska Medical Centre, Omaha, USA. Electronic address:

Trichomonas vaginalis is a major non-viral sexually-transmitted infection resulted into serious obstetrical and gynecological troubles. The increasing resistance to nitroimidazole therapy and recurrence makes it crucial to develop new drugs against trichomoniasis. Over the past few years, a large number of research articles highlighting the synthetic and natural product research to combat Trichomonas vaginalis have been published. Read More

J Parasit Dis 2017 Dec 30;41(4):1034-1039. Epub 2017 May 30.

Nursing Department, Basic Sciences Faculty, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran.

is a flagellate parasite living in the genital tract and it is accounted as a sexually transmitted disease. The clinical symptoms vary from the asymptomatic to the severe form which is usually associated with the irritation, itching and infertility in some severe cases. Many drugs have been applied to treat this disease and Metronidazole is the gold standard for treatment; however, it has also detected that this medicine has many side-effects which it has been motivated the researchers to find an appropriate alternative for this medicine. Read More

Biomed Pharmacother 2017 Nov 10;95:847-855. Epub 2017 Sep 10.

Laboratório de Pesquisa em Parasitologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Electronic address:

Human and bovine trichomoniasis are sexually transmitted diseases (STD) caused by Trichomonas vaginalis and Tritrichomonas foetus, respectively. Human trichomoniasis is the most common non-viral STD in the world and bovine trichomoniasis causes significant economic losses to breeders. Considering the significant impact of the infections caused by these protozoa and the treatment failures, the search for new therapeutic alternatives becomes crucial. Read More

Chem Biol Drug Des 2017 Nov 14;90(5):811-819. Epub 2017 May 14.

Laboratório de Pesquisa em Parasitologia, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.

Trichomonas vaginalis causes trichomoniasis, a neglected sexually transmitted disease. Due to severe health consequences and treatment failure, new therapeutic alternatives are crucial. Phloroglucinols from southern Brazilian Hypericum species demonstrated anti-T. Read More

Biomed Pharmacother 2017 Apr 6;88:885-893. Epub 2017 Feb 6.

Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Evidence-Based Medicine Group, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Electronic address:

Trichomonas vaginalis is a major of non-viral sexually-transmitted infection and an important cause of serious obstetrical and gynecological complications. Treatment options for trichomoniasis are limited to nitroimidazole compounds. The increasing resistance and allergic reactions to nitroimidazole and recurrent trichomoniasis make it essential to identify and develop new drugs against trichomoniasis. Read More

Biomed Pharmacother 2016 Oct 9;83:323-329. Epub 2016 Jul 9.

Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Gustavo Cordeiro de Faria, SN, CEP 59010-180, Natal, RN, Brazil. Electronic address:

Crotalaria genus belongs to the subfamily Papilionoideae comprising about 600 species spread throughout tropical, neotropical and subtropical regions. In this study, seeds of Crolatalaria pallida were used to the isolation of usaramine, a pyrrolizidine alkaloid. Thus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus epidermidis were utilized as strains to test some activities of this alkaloid, such as antibiofilm and antibacterial. Read More

Biomed Pharmacother 2016 Dec 28;84:476-484. Epub 2016 Sep 28.

Laboratório de Pesquisa em Parasitologia, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, 90610-000 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Electronic address:

Caused by Trichomonas vaginalis, trichomoniasis is the most common non-viral STD worldwide. Currently, metronidazole and tinidazole are the only drugs approved for treatment of the condition. However, problems such as metronidazole-resistant T. Read More

Eur J Med Chem 2016 Nov 4;124:820-839. Epub 2016 Sep 4.

Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sitapur Road, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, 110001, India. Electronic address:

Trichomoniasis is the most prevalent, non-viral sexually transmitted diseases (STD) caused by amitochondriate protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis. Increased resistance of T. vaginalis to the marketed drug Metronidazole necessitates the development of newer chemical entities. Read More

Acta Parasitol 2016 Mar;61(2):376-81

Trichomonosis, caused by the protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis, is a curable sexually transmitted disease that is most commonly encountered worldwide. Increasing importance of trichomoniasis and emerging of resistance against metronidazole lead to search for alternative drugs with different mode of activity. The purpose of this study was to determine in vitro activity of ceragenins (CSA-13, CSA-44, CSA-13, and CSA-138) against the metronidazole-susceptible (ATCC 30001) and metronidazole-resistant (ATCC 50138) strains of T. Read More

Exp Parasitol 2016 Feb 17;161:6-11. Epub 2015 Dec 17.

Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, 90610-000, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves 9500, 91501-970, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.

Trichomonas vaginalis is the causative agent of trichomoniasis, the most common nonviral STD worldwide. This infection can lead to severe health conditions, especially when women are affected. Metronidazole and tinidazole are the only choices of treatment. Read More

J Parasit Dis 2015 Sep 26;39(3):465-73. Epub 2013 Oct 26.

Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.

Trichomonas vaginalis is a protozoan parasite that causes trichomoniasis; a cosmopolitan sexually transmitted disease. Metronidazole is the drug of choice for T. vaginalis infections. Read More

Eur J Med Chem 2015 Aug 13;101:640-50. Epub 2015 Jul 13.

Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110001, India. Electronic address:

The growing population and health-care burden (due to STIs and HIV) imposes a particular economic crisis over resource-poor countries. Thus a novel approach as vaginal microbicides emerges as integrated tool to control both population and anti-STIs/HIV. Our continued efforts in this field led to the synthesis of fifteen N-alkyl/aryl-4-(3-substituted-3-phenylpropyl) piperazine-1-carbothioamide (12-26) derivatives as topical vaginal microbicides which were evaluated for anti-Trichomonas, spermicidal, antifungal and reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitory activities. Read More

Pharm Biol 2016 12;54(3):445-50. Epub 2015 May 12.

a School of Medical Laboratory Science, Chengdu Medical College , Chengdu , Sichuan , PR China .

Context: Trichomonosis, caused by the flagellate protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis, is the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease (STD) and 5-nitroimidazole drugs are used for the treatment. However, a growing number of T. vaginalis isolates are resistant to these drugs, which make it becomes an urgent issue. Read More

Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014 Dec 25;24(24):5782-5786. Epub 2014 Oct 25.

Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, India. Electronic address:

A series of seventeen morpholin/piperidin-1-yl-carbamodithioate (3-19) were synthesized as topical vaginal microbicidal spermicides. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their anti-Trichomonas activity against MTZ susceptible and resistant strains along with their spermicidal and antifungal potential. All the synthesized compounds were assessed for their safety through cytotoxic assay against human cervical cell line (HeLa) and compatibility with vaginal flora, Lactobacillus. Read More