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J Orthod 2020 Dec 22;47(4):345-353. Epub 2020 Sep 22.

Department of Periodontics, Dental School, Islamic Azad University of Borujerd, Borujerd, Iran.

The ankylosis of permanent incisors is usually caused by trauma. In a growing patient, the ankylosed tooth fails to move along with the vertical growth of the remaining alveolar process, which results in an infraoccluded tooth, gingival margin disharmony and unaesthetic smile.This case report presents an 23-year-old female patient whose maxillary right central incisor (tooth number 11) had been traumatised eight years earlier. Read More

Int J Oral Sci 2020 02 21;12(1). Epub 2020 Feb 21.

Florey Institute of Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.

Primary molar ankylosis with infraocclusion can retard dental arch development and cause dental asymmetry. Despite its widespread prevalence, little is known about its molecular etiology and pathogenesis. To address this, RNA sequencing was used to generate transcriptomes of furcal bone from infraoccluded (n = 7) and non-infraoccluded (n = 9) primary second molars, all without succeeding biscuspids. Read More

Gen Dent 2019 Nov-Dec;67(6):72-75

Dentoalveolar ankylosis, the fusion of a tooth with the alveolar bone, is often associated with primary molars and is the main cause of infraocclusion. This report describes an uncommon case of a severely infraoccluded primary first molar associated with loss of space in the maxilla. After anamnesis and a clinical examination, absence of the primary maxillary left first molar was observed. Read More

Clin Adv Periodontics 2019 03 5;9(1):34-46. Epub 2018 Jul 5.

Department of Periodontology, Boston University Goldman School of Dental Medicine.

Introduction: Tooth agenesis is a type of dental anomaly in which individuals are missing teeth due to developmental failure as a result of genetic or environmental factors. With approximately one fourth of the population missing ≥1 third molar, tooth agenesis is considered a common dental anomaly. However, the severity of tooth agenesis can range from a missing single tooth to multiple teeth. Read More

J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2019 Jan-Mar;37(1):99-106

Al Maher Medical Center, Dubai, UAE.

Tooth avulsion is a severe form of luxation injury that involves damage to both the pulp and the periodontal ligament. Avulsed teeth need to be replanted immediately in order to restore esthetics and function. Delayed replantation often results in ankylosis of the tooth which is a common sequela following avulsion injuries. Read More

Dent Update 2016 Apr;43(3):206-10

This article considers a possible solution to prevent or manage spontaneous alveolar bone growth in ankylosed, infraoccluded teeth in adolescents after elective decoronation, allowing replacement resorption to take place, preserving the surrounding alveolar bone and enabling vertical bone development coronal to the decoronated segment. CPD/Clinical Relevance: To illustrate the advantages of decoronation allowing subsequent replacement of infraoccluded ankylosed teeth with implant-retained restorations and minimal aesthetic compromise. Read More

Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2015 Oct 5;16(5):425-9. Epub 2015 May 5.

Private Paediatric Dental Clinic, 2 Papadiamantopoulou Street, 11528, Athens, Greece.

Background: In cases of infraoccluded primary molars associated with agenesis of premolars, any treatment plan occasionally includes retention of the primary teeth for space preservation and future implant placement if needed. In these cases, building up the crowns to the occlusal line is necessary to prevent various clinical problems. The present case report describes in detail a novel but simple clinical approach for retention and building up of the crown of infraoccluded primary molars. Read More

Vojnosanit Pregl 2014 Aug;71(8):777-9

Introduction: Intentional partial odontectomy or coronectomy is primarily advocated in situations with intimate relationships between the roots of the tooth indicated for extraction and the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN). The aim of this report was to present a patient with two neighbouring infraoccluded teeth in the right mandible indicated for extraction prior to prosthetic rehabilitation, which were coronectomied as to prevent injuring of the IAN and causing iatrogenic fracture of the mandibular body.

Case Report: Coronectomy of both teeth was performed as recommended in the literature. Read More

J Am Dent Assoc 2013 Jun;144(6):602-11

Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.

Background: The authors conducted a systematic review to determine the clinical prognosis of and methods of managing ankylosed primary molars with permanent successors.

Methods: The authors searched electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Web of Science, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Google Scholar) up to April 2012 with the assistance of a librarian specializing in health sciences databases. They also searched the gray literature. Read More

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2012 Apr;141(4):495-503

Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.

This case report describes the treatment of a 16-year-old girl with ankylosed maxillary central incisors that were noticeably infraoccluded and labially displaced. We performed a segmental osteotomy with an autogenous bone graft in a single-stage surgery to align and level the ankylosed teeth. The dento-osseous segment was successfully repositioned with satisfactory periodontal results. Read More

Eur J Paediatr Dent 2011 Sep;12(3):175-8

Department of Orthodontics, University of Genoa, Italy.

Aim: To study incidence and distribution of deciduous molar ankylosis.

Materials And Methods: study design: longitudinal retrospective study. A total of 512 consecutive subjects (aged 5 to 15 years) were examined at the Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry Department of the Genoa University School of Dentistry; for each subject an ortopantomography x-ray was taken. Read More

Dent Traumatol 2010 Jun;26(3):285-8

Division of Orthodontics/Department of Dentistry, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.

This report presents the case of a 20-year-old female patient exhibiting an infraoccluded ankylosed maxillary central incisor that was avulsed and replanted after traumatic injury during childhood. To reposition the osseous and gingival margins of the ankylosed tooth to an ideal level, a new alveolar distraction device that uses anchoring miniscrews with a single tooth dento-osseous osteotomy was fabricated and the ankylosed tooth was successfully treated with exceptional patient compliance. Read More

World J Orthod 2008 ;9(3):209-20

Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.

The objective of this article is to describe the various clinical situations of prolonged retention of mandibular deciduous second molars. Indications for orthodontic space closure in the absence of permanent successors and treatment alternatives in space opening, including retaining the deciduous molars, are described. Periodic monitoring, composite buildups, and indications and timing of extraction of infraoccluded and ankylosed deciduous molars with and without permanent successors are reviewed. Read More

Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2007 Jul-Sep;5(3):396-401

Department of Conservative Dentistry, M.C.O.D.S, Manipal University, Mangalore, India.

An ankylosed tooth can be suitable for obtaining orthodontic anchorage. However, if such a tooth lacks adequate clinical crown height, the anchorage will not be effective. In those situations surgical luxation or restorative crown augmentation is suggested. Read More

Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent 2008 Apr;28(2):189-96

The case report describes the distraction osteogenesis of a small bone fragment supporting a maxillary central incisor that had become ankylosed and infraoccluded after trauma. After initial orthodontic treatment, surgery was performed, entailing a trapezoidal osteotomy with minimal periosteal elevation through a horizontal incision. On this occasion, a device was applied, anchored to the tooth, and activated by a micrometer screw. Read More

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2008 Jan;133(1):95-101

Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.

This report describes the treatment of a 21-year old patient with an ankylosed mandibular right first permanent molar. The tooth was noticeably infraoccluded when the patient was first seen, at age 9. Over the next 11 years, several interventions, as well as periods of observation, were undertaken to bring the infraoccluded tooth into occlusion. Read More

Swed Dent J Suppl 1984 ;21:1-67

The aims of this thesis were to estimate the prevalence and familial tendencies of infraocclusion of primary molars and analyse the effect of extraction on occlusal development, and to characterise histologically the ankylosis in infraoccluded primary molars and recommend guidelines for treatment. The thesis is based on five investigations. In the prevalence and familial studies, 1059 children and 138 first-degree sibs were investigated. Read More