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Curr Opin Immunol 2021 Apr 7;72:51-58. Epub 2021 Apr 7.

Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.

Here we update receptor proximal and distant signaling events of the mast cell high affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) launching immediate type I hypersensitivity and an inflammatory cytokine-chemokine cascade. Different physiologic antigen concentrations, their affinity, and valency for the IgE ligand produce distinct intracellular signaling events with different outcomes. Investigating mast cell degranulation has revealed a complex molecular machinery that relays proximal signaling to cytoskeletal reorganization, granule transport and membrane fusion. Read More

Bioelectrochemistry 2021 Mar 26;140:107805. Epub 2021 Mar 26.

Department of Food, Agriculture and Bioresources, School of Environment, Resources and Development, Asian Institute of Technology, 58 Moo 9, Km. 42, Paholyothin Highway, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand. Electronic address:

A novel, sensitive and selective electrochemical sensor based on epitope-imprinted polydopamine (PDA) was developed for ovalbumin (OVA) detection. Molecularly imprinted polydopamine was synthesized on an AuNP-coated screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) via electropolymerization in the presence of OVA IgE-binding epitope as the template. Key process parameters including template concentration, electropolymerization cycle, pH, time required for template removal and rebinding were optimized. Read More

Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2021 Apr 7. Epub 2021 Apr 7.

University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.

Background: The anti-IgE therapy omalizumab improves asthma control and reduces exacerbations in patients with moderate-to-severe allergic asthma. However, it has been suggested that omalizumab should be reserved for highly allergic patients with multiple allergen sensitivities or perennial-only sensitivities.

Objective: To examine impact of allergy burden, including number and type of allergen sensitivities, on omalizumab response in a real-world setting. Read More

Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2021 Apr 7. Epub 2021 Apr 7.

Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Kaiser Permanente Washington.

Allergy 2021 Apr 10. Epub 2021 Apr 10.

Tor Vergata, Former Executive Director European Medicines Agency, University of Rome, Rome, Italy.

In life, you are lucky if you meet people who can inspire and motivate. Sergio Bonini is one of those people. He can be regarded as a legend for his successful journey through the rapidly evolving discipline of Allergy and Clinical Immunology in the last 50 years. Read More

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2021 Apr 10. Epub 2021 Apr 10.

Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324 Jingwuweiqi Road, Jinan, 250021, Shandong Province, China.

Purpose: The etiology of allergic rhinitis (AR) is closely correlated with the complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. This study explored the effect of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of CYSLTR1 gene on the risk of AR and clinical response to montelukast treatment in children.

Methods: A total of 135 children with AR and 100 healthy children were included for subsequent analyses. Read More

Contact Dermatitis 2021 Apr 9. Epub 2021 Apr 9.

University of Minnesota Department of Dermatology, Minneapolis, MN.

Background: Data regarding teledermatology for patch testing are limited.

Objectives: Compare patch test readings and final interpretation by 2 in-person dermatologists (IPDs) with 8 teledermatologists (TDs).

Methods: Patch tested patients had photographs taken of 70 screening series allergens at 48-hour (48H) and second (2nd) readings. Read More

Eur J Immunol 2021 Apr 10. Epub 2021 Apr 10.

Viral Immunobiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Immunological memory equips our immune system to respond faster and more effectively against reinfections. This acquired immunity was originally attributed to long-lived, memory T and B cells with body wide access to peripheral and secondary lymphoid tissues. In recent years, it has been realized that both innate and adaptive immunity to a large degree depends on resident immune cells that act locally in barrier tissues, including tissue resident memory T cells (Trm). Read More

Inflamm Res 2021 Apr 9. Epub 2021 Apr 9.

Laboratory of Immunopharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Setsunan University, Hirakata, Osaka, Japan.

Objective: At least 3 years of sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) is required to achieve long-term clinical tolerance for allergens. However, immunological changes with more than 3 years of SLIT have not yet been elucidated in detail. The present study investigated whether the numbers of regulatory T (Treg) cells and regulatory B (Breg) cells increased with 4 years of SLIT and if these increases correlated with clinical effects for pollinosis. Read More

Arch Bronconeumol 2021 Mar 11. Epub 2021 Mar 11.

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology-Biological Research Centre (CIBUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain. Electronic address:

Clin Epigenetics 2021 Apr 9;13(1):76. Epub 2021 Apr 9.

Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Cheng-Hsing Campus, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City, Taiwan.

Background: Dysregulation of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) expressions is linked to asthma and allergic disease. Exposure to phthalate esters, a widely used plasticizer, is associated with respiratory and allergic morbidity. Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) causes TSLP upregulation in the skin. Read More

BMC Med Genomics 2021 Apr 9;14(1):100. Epub 2021 Apr 9.

Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200120, People's Republic of China.

Background: Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in a variety of human immune diseases. However, the expression profile and precise function of lncRNAs in allergic rhinitis (AR) remain unknown. In the present study, genome-wide analysis of lncRNA expression was performed in the nasal mucosa tissue and mRNA regulatory relationship was examined among patients with or without AR. Read More

Early Hum Dev 2021 Mar 17;157:105353. Epub 2021 Mar 17.

Neonatal Intensive Care Centre, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom. Electronic address:

Background: Discharge home of preterm infants on supplemental oxygen has significant healthcare, parental psychological and financial implications, but the potential ability of clinical parameters at discharge to predict the duration of home oxygen has not been previously examined.

Aims: To use clinical and epidemiological parameters available at discharge to predict the duration of home oxygen therapy.

Study Design: Retrospective observational cohort study with a primary and a validation cohort. Read More

Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2021 Apr 9. Epub 2021 Apr 9.

Department of Allergy, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús and ARADyAL- RETICs network RD16, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, IIS-P, FibHNJ, 0006/0026, Madrid, Spain.

Background: Oral immunotherapy is a frequent treatment for the management of food allergies, but adverse events (AE) are common. This study assessed the outcome of cow's milk oral immunotherapy (MOIT) in severe cow`s milk allergic patients treated with omalizumab in a real-life setting.

Methods: OmaBASE was a national, multicenter, open and observational registry that collected clinical, immunological and treatment data from patients with food allergy receiving omalizumab. Read More

Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2021 Apr 9. Epub 2021 Apr 9.

University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Beatrix Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatric Pulmonology and Pediatric Allergology.

Background: It is unclear in which periods of life lung function deficits develop, and if these are affected by risk factors such as asthma, bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) and allergic comorbidity. The goal of this systematic review is to identify temporal associations of asthma, BHR and allergic comorbidity with large and small lung function development from birth until peak function in early adulthood.

Methods: We searched Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science and CINHAHL for papers published before 01. Read More

Contact Dermatitis 2021 Apr 9. Epub 2021 Apr 9.

Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Acta Dermatovenerol Croat 2020 Dec;28(7):197-203

Professor Suzana Ljubojević Hadžavdić, MD, PhD, Department of Dermatology and Venereology , University Hospital Center Zagreb , University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 4, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic and relapsing, non-contagious inflammatory skin disorder, characterized by skin barrier impairment and baseline immune irregularities. The literature on the relationship between AD and cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity is inconclusive. There is an ongoing debate whether contact sensibility (CS) is found more or less often among patients with AD. Read More

Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2021 ;121(3):52-56

Scientific Research Medical Complex «Your Health», Kazan, Russia.

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of high (300 mg) doses of the biologically active additive neurouridin (Unifarm) as part of complex therapy of patients with nonspecific low-back pain.

Material And Methods: Fifty patients (30 in the main group and 20 patients in the control group) were studied using a visual analogue scale (VAS), data from a general clinical analysis of blood and urine, a wide range of biochemical parameters, including liver function tests, glucose levels, creatinine, electrolyte levels.

Results And Conclusion: The positive effect of treatment with neurouridin on the dynamics of changes in pain according to the VAS was noted, a dose-dependent effect was revealed: patients at higher doses (300 mg of uridine monophosphate) showed a more significant regression of pain symptoms compared to standard doses. Read More

J Integr Neurosci 2021 Mar;20(1):185-196

Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy.

Mast cells are the major effectors in allergic reactions through degranulation and release of inflammatory, vasoactive and nociceptive mediators associated with the pathogenesis of a variety of inflammatory disorders. Mast cells are strategically positioned as gatekeepers at host/environment interfaces, like the skin, airways, gastrointestinal and urogenital tracts, and their presence also in the brain allows them to act not only as sentinels of invading microorganisms but also as targets to respond to different allergens, pathogens and other dangerous agents that can be ingested, inhaled or encountered after the breakdown of the epithelial barrier. Mast cells can respond to any change in the environment by communicating with the different cells involved in the immune response and giving rise to an amplification signal network through feedback loops. Read More

Clin Transl Sci 2021 Apr 9. Epub 2021 Apr 9.

Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.

Safe and effective new oral therapies for autoimmune, allergic, and inflammatory conditions remain a significant therapeutic need. Here, we investigate the human pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics (PDs), and safety of the selective, covalent Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor, remibrutinib. Study objectives were explored in randomized single and multiple ascending dose (SAD and MAD, respectively) cohorts with daily doses up to 600 mg, and a crossover food effect (FE) cohort, in adult healthy subjects without (SAD [n =80]/FE [n =12]) or with asymptomatic atopic diathesis (MAD [n =64]). Read More

Immunol Res 2021 Apr 8. Epub 2021 Apr 8.

Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.

Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a heterodimeric cytokine encoded by two separate genes, IL12A and IL12B, which may play a regulatory role in allergen-induced inflammation through CD4 T-cell subsets polarization. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IL12B gene with susceptibility to allergic rhinitis (AR). We performed a case-control study including 130 AR patients and 130 healthy controls to evaluate the possible association between IL12B gene SNPs (rs3212227, rs6887695) and the risk of AR using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Read More

Biosci Rep 2021 Apr 9. Epub 2021 Apr 9.

Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, shenyang, China.

Objective:  The relationship between IL-4 rs2243250 polymorphism and the risk of allergic rhinitis is not clear at present. This study aims to evaluate the exact association between IL-4 rs2243250 polymorphism and susceptibility to allergic rhinitis by a meta-analysis.

Methods:  The studies about IL-4 rs2243250 polymorphism associated with susceptibility to allergic rhinitis were searched using PubMed, Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and China Wanfang databases. Read More

Crit Care Explor 2021 Apr 2;3(4):e0397. Epub 2021 Apr 2.

All authors: Department of Critical Care Medicine, Mount Sinai Health System, New York City, NY.

Background: In response to the devastating effects of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, several vaccine prototypes have been developed, with the Pfizer/BioNTech (BNT162b2) platform being the first to receive emergency use authorization. Although taken to market on an unprecedented timeline, the safety profile of the drug during clinical trials was shown to be favorable. Shortly after release, reports from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention demonstrated a higher-than-average rate of anaphylaxis to the vaccine that has been the cause for concern for safety officials and the general public alike. Read More

ERJ Open Res 2021 Apr 6;7(2). Epub 2021 Apr 6.

Air Pollution Exposure Laboratory, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.

In recent decades, seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) prevalence has increased and recent studies have shown that air pollutants, such as diesel exhaust particles (DEP), can increase inflammatory and allergic biomarkers. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of DEP on SAR symptoms induced by ragweed and to evaluate the efficacy and safety of fexofenadine HCl 180 mg placebo. This phase 3, single-centre, sequential, parallel-group, double-blind, randomised study (NCT03664882) was conducted in an environmental exposure unit (EEU) during sequential exposures: Period 1 (ragweed pollen alone), Period 2 (ragweed pollen+DEP), and Period 3 (ragweed pollen+DEP+single-dose fexofenadine HCl 180 mg or placebo). Read More

Front Immunol 2021 23;12:652613. Epub 2021 Mar 23.

Translational Immunology, Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

Circulating memory T cells are heterogeneous in their tissue tropism. The skin-seeking T cell subset expresses the cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen (CLA) on their surface. CLA memory T cells not only migrate from blood to skin but also recirculate between blood and skin. Read More

Front Immunol 2021 23;12:651060. Epub 2021 Mar 23.

Department of Immunology, Institute for Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.

In cystic fibrosis (CF) infectious and allergic airway inflammation cause pulmonary exacerbations that destroy the lungs. is a common long-term colonizer and cause of recurrent airway infections in CF. The pathogen is also associated with respiratory allergy; especially the staphylococcal serine protease-like proteins (Spls) can induce type 2 immune responses in humans and mice. Read More

J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther 2021 31;26(3):311-314. Epub 2021 Mar 31.

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) is a first-generation antihistamine that is used primarily to treat allergic reactions including anaphylaxis, urticaria, and allergic rhinitis. Despite its availability as an over-the-counter medication, toxicity may occur with its use especially when administered in large doses or via the intravenous route. We present a 3-month-old infant with Trisomy 21 who suffered a cardiac arrest immediately following administration of a single 1. Read More

J Asthma Allergy 2021 31;14:309-316. Epub 2021 Mar 31.

Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Dong-A University, Busan, Korea.

Purpose: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and allergic rhinitis (AR) are common asthma-associated upper airway diseases. Olfactory dysfunction, a common symptom among these patients, is an increasingly recognized condition that is associated with a reduced quality of life and major health outcomes. However, there are few studies on the association between olfactory function and asthma. Read More

Pediatrics 2021 Apr 8. Epub 2021 Apr 8.

Divisions of Neonatology,

Objectives: To determine if maternal intrapartum group B (GBS) antibiotic prophylaxis is associated with increased risk of childhood asthma, eczema, food allergy, or allergic rhinitis.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study of 14 046 children. GBS prophylaxis was defined as administration of intravenous penicillin, ampicillin, cefazolin, clindamycin, or vancomycin to the mother, ≥4 hours before delivery. Read More

Pak J Pharm Sci 2020 Sep;33(5(Supplementary)):2301-2306

Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, GC University Faisalabad, Pakistan.

Although ebastine (EBT) can impede histamine-induced skin allergic reaction and persuade long acting selective H1 receptor antagonistic effects but its poor water solubility circumscribed its clinical application. The main objective of this research work was to improve the aqueous solubility and oral bioavailability of EBT by preparing EBT-loaded bilosomes (EBT-PC-SDC-BS). A thin film hydration method was used to prepare ebastine loaded bilosomes. Read More