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Cell Mol Life Sci 2021 Apr 13. Epub 2021 Apr 13.

Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.

Genetic analyses have revealed the pivotal contribution of microglial dysfunctions to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Along AD progression, the accumulation of danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) including beta-amyloid and hyperphosphorylated tau continuously stimulates microglia, which results in their chronic activation. Chronically activated microglia secrete excessive pro-inflammatory cytokines, which further regulate microglial responses towards DAMPs. Read More

Nicotine Tob Res 2021 Apr 13. Epub 2021 Apr 13.

Achieve Life Sciences Inc., Seattle, WA.

Introduction: Cytisinicline (known as cytisine), a nicotinic acetylcholine receptor partial agonist, is a smoking cessation aid currently marketed in Central and Eastern Europe using a 1.5mg/tablet 25-day downward titration schedule. No prior studies have evaluated other doses or administration schedules. Read More

Curr HIV Res 2021 Apr 11. Epub 2021 Apr 11.

Department of Health Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto. Japan.

Background: Sexual minorities, such as men who have sex with men (MSM), are dis-proportionately impacted by HIV/AIDS compared to heterosexual men . The increased prevalence of HIV/AIDs among this group of individuals is associated with increased participation in HIV-related risk behavior, such as multiple sexual partnerships and in-jection drug use. However, very little is known about the prevalence of HIV and the risk behaviors related to HIV infection among MSM in Iran. Read More

Rev Med Chil 2020 Nov;148(11):1550-1557

Laboratorio de Medicina Molecular, Hospital Clínico, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.

Background: Transmitted drug resistance (TDR) occurs in patients with HIV infection who are not exposed to antiretroviral drugs but who are infected with a virus with mutations associated with resistance.

Aim: To determine the prevalence of TDR and characterize HIV reverse transcriptase and protease mutation patterns.

Material And Methods: HIV infected antiretroviral treatment-naive patients treated in three centers between 2014 and 2018 were studied. Read More

Cell Mol Life Sci 2021 Apr 12. Epub 2021 Apr 12.

Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.

Homeobox genes encode sequence-specific transcription factors (SSTFs) that recognize specific DNA sequences and regulate organogenesis in all eukaryotes. They are essential in specifying spatial and temporal cell identity and as a result, their mutations often cause severe developmental defects. Pitx genes belong to the PRD class of the highly evolutionary conserved homeobox genes in all animals. Read More

J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2020 Dec.;21(12):948-954

Department of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of an antiviral regimen of protease inhibitors combined with Arbidol (umifenovir) for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia patients. The genomic sequence of SARS-CoV-2 is highly homologous to that of SARS-CoV (Zhou et al., 2020). Read More

J Pharm Innov 2021 Apr 7:1-11. Epub 2021 Apr 7.

Kotelawala Defence University, Kandawala Estate, Ratmalana 10390, Sri Lanka.

Purpose: The present study is focused on designing an automated jet nebulizer that possesses the capability of dynamic flow regulation. In the case of existing equipment, 50% of the aerosol is lost to the atmosphere through the vent, during the exhalation phase of respiration. Desired effects of nebulization may not be achieved by neglecting this poor administration technique. Read More

Int J Drug Policy 2021 Apr 7;94:103209. Epub 2021 Apr 7.

Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, 135 College Street, New Haven, CT, United States, 06510; Yale Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, Yale University, 135 College Street, New Haven, Connecticut, United States, 06510.

Background: The Kyrgyz Republic (Kyrgyzstan) is one of few countries in Eastern Europe and Central Asia to provide methadone within its prisons, but uptake of this program has been suboptimal, in part because methadone uptake may have personal or social risks and consequences. Decision aids are evidence-based strategies that are designed to inform the patient's choice by objectively providing information that incorporates patient preferences.

Methods: We conducted qualitative interviews in Kyrgyz and Russian with currently and formerly incarcerated people (n = 36) in Kyrgyzstan from October 2016 to September 2018. Read More

J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2021 Apr;22(4):253-284

Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.

Since it was first recognized in bacteria and archaea as a mechanism for innate viral immunity in the early 2010s, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) has rapidly been developed into a robust, multifunctional genome editing tool with many uses. Following the discovery of the initial CRISPR/Cas-based system, the technology has been advanced to facilitate a multitude of different functions. These include development as a base editor, prime editor, epigenetic editor, and CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) and CRISPR activator (CRISPRa) gene regulators. Read More

Infect Drug Resist 2021 30;14:1283-1293. Epub 2021 Mar 30.

Royal Marsden Hospital and Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, SM2 5PT, UK.

Febrile neutropenia (FN) is a frequent complication of cancer treatment in children. Owing to the potential for overwhelming bacterial sepsis, the recognition and management of FN requires rapid implementation of evidenced-based management protocols. Treatment paradigms have progressed from hospitalisation with broad spectrum antibiotics for all patients, through to risk adapted approaches to management. Read More

Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2021 May;53(9):1042-1043

Division of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Linko Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan.