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Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021 Apr 13. Epub 2021 Apr 13.

Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich,  Switzerland.

Background: Vedolizumab is a widely used and safe therapy in inflammatory bowel disease, particularly in ulcerative colitis (UC), making it a promising candidate for enhanced efficacy by combining it with additional immunomodulatory medications. In this study, we studied the impact of vedolizumab monotreatment vs vedolizumab coadministration with other immunomodulatory drugs on intestinal inflammation and intestinal immune cells in vivo.

Methods: Colon tissue from human patients with UC with active disease or in remission with or without vedolizumab treatment was stained by immunohistochemistry. Read More

Int J Surg Case Rep 2021 Apr 1;82:105853. Epub 2021 Apr 1.

Department of Visceral, Transplant, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, University Hospital of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.

Introduction And Importance: Acute mesenteric ischemia is a challenging acute condition which is often caused by occlusion of an intestinal vessel. Therapeutic algorithms include revascularization of the occluded vessel and a surgical procedure to remove necrotic intestine. Sometimes necrotic intestine is hard to identify visually. Read More

Neurogastroenterol Motil 2021 Apr 10:e14149. Epub 2021 Apr 10.

Enteric Neuroscience Program, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rochester, MN, USA.

Background: Normal gastrointestinal motility depends on electrical slow-wave activity generated by interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in the tunica muscularis of the gastrointestinal tract. A requirement for HCO in extracellular solutions used to record slow waves indicates a role for HCO transport in ICC pacemaking. The Slc4a4 gene transcript encoding the electrogenic Na /HCO cotransporter, NBCe1, is enriched in mouse small intestinal myenteric region ICC (ICC-MY) that generate slow waves. Read More

Trials 2021 Apr 9;22(1):262. Epub 2021 Apr 9.

School of Public Health and Administration, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.

Objectives: The primary objective is to determine the effect of a daily dose of ivermectin administered in three consecutive days to non-severe COVID-19 patients with no more than 96 hours of symptoms, on the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA by PCR from nasopharyngeal swabs at day seven post-treatment initiation. The secondary objectives are: 1. To assess the efficacy of ivermectin to reduce the SARS-CoV-2 viral load in the nasopharyngeal swab on days 4, 7, 14 and 21 post-treatment initiation 2. Read More

Saudi J Gastroenterol 2021 Apr 5. Epub 2021 Apr 5.

Department of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, PLA, Fujian Medical University Fuzong Clinical College, Fuzhou, China.

Background: We aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of additional ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) with mesalazine, compared to mesalazine alone in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). The mechanism was evaluated by monitoring the changes of IL-23-IL-17 axis and the intestinal microflora.

Methods: In this prospective, single center study, patients with UC were randomly assigned to the Mesalazine group (n=20) or the UDCA + Mesalazine group (n=20). Read More

Int Rev Cell Mol Biol 2021 23;359:139-256. Epub 2021 Mar 23.

ULB Center for Diabetes Research (UCDR), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium. http://www.ucdr.be/. Electronic address:

Monogenetic forms of diabetes represent 1%-5% of all diabetes cases and are caused by mutations in a single gene. These mutations, that affect genes involved in pancreatic β-cell development, function and survival, or insulin regulation, may be dominant or recessive, inherited or de novo. Most patients with monogenic diabetes are very commonly misdiagnosed as having type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Read More

BMC Vet Res 2021 Apr 7;17(1):149. Epub 2021 Apr 7.

Department of Biomedicine and Veterinary Public Health, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7028, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.

Background: Topical ophthalmic atropine sulfate is an important part of the treatment protocol in equine uveitis. Frequent administration of topical atropine may cause decreased intestinal motility and colic in horses due to systemic exposure. Atropine pharmacokinetics are unknown in horses and this knowledge gap could impede the use of atropine because of the presumed risk of unwanted effects. Read More

J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2021 Apr 7:1-7. Epub 2021 Apr 7.

Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Istanbul Saglik Bilimleri University Mehmet Akif Ersoy Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.

Aim: In this study, we investigated changes in newborns' cerebral and intestinal blood flow who had undergone aortic arch surgery.

Method: This study was carried out prospectively as a preliminary study in patients younger than 30 days at the time of aortic arch reconstruction between 1 August and 1 December, 2019. Cerebral and gastrointestinal hemodynamics were evaluated with Doppler USG before and 7 days after the operation. Read More

mBio 2021 04 6;12(2). Epub 2021 Apr 6.

Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands

At the intestinal host-microbe interface, the transmembrane mucin MUC1 can function as a physical barrier as well as a receptor for bacteria. MUC1 also influences epithelial cell morphology and receptor function. Various bacterial pathogens can exploit integrins to infect eukaryotic cells. Read More

Ann Saudi Med 2021 Mar-Apr;41(2):71-77. Epub 2021 Apr 1.

From the Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Background: Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disease that is highly associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The reported prevalence of CD in patients with T1DM in Saudi Arabia varies and the number of studies is limited.

Objectives: Determine the prevalence of CD diagnosed with anti-tissue transglutaminase (anti-tTG) antibodies or by endoscopic biopsy in adolescents and adults with T1DM. Read More

Wiad Lek 2021 ;74(3 cz 1):436-440

STATE INSTITUTION «MECHNIKOV INSTITUTE OF MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES OF UKRAINE», KHARKIV, UKRAINE.

Objective: The aim is to get a thorough argument for the babesiosis pathogenetic scenario in the coordinate system «pathogen (Babesia spp.) - carrier (ticks of the Ixodoidea superfamily of the Ixodidea family) - reservoir (a susceptible organism)» with the emphasis on the epizootic/epidemic role of the carrier.

Patients And Methods: Materials and methods: The macromicroscopic method of research was used in order to maximize the clarification of the babesiosis scenario, its pathogenetic links, the connection of the latter with attacks of active stages of ixodes ticks, types of circulation of ontogenetic forms of Babesia spp. Read More

Food Chem 2021 Mar 9;355:129509. Epub 2021 Mar 9.

School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; Guangdong Food Green Processing and Nutrition Regulation Technology Research Center, Guangzhou 510640, China; Chaozhou Branch of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Chaozhou 521000, China. Electronic address:

The insoluble soy peptide aggregates formed upon proteolysis are generally considered as "ready to be discarded", which placed additional burden on related industries. In this study, with the aim of promoting sustainable utilization of these large aggregates, novel soy peptide-based nanoparticles (SPN) were successfully fabricated from these aggregates via a controlled pH-shifting method, and the obtained SPN exhibited good storage stability and antioxidant activity. Furthermore, the pH-shifting process also provided a driven force for loading and delivering curcumin, which significantly improved its water solubility (up to 10 folds), storage and simulated gastric-intestinal digestive stability, as well as in vitro bioavailability and antioxidant activity. Read More

Nutrients 2021 Mar 22;13(3). Epub 2021 Mar 22.

Centre of Immunobiology, Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine, Queen Mary, University of London, London E1 2AT, UK.

Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) occurs commonly, is difficult to treat, and frequently recurs. Bovine colostrum (BC) and chicken eggs contain immunoglobulins and other components that possess antimicrobial, immunoregulatory, and growth factor activities; however, it is not known if they have the ability to reduce injury caused by the presence of bacteria associated with SIBO (, , , , , , and ) and infectious diarrhea (enteropathogenic , ). We examined the effects of BC, egg, or the combination, on bacterial growth and bacteria-induced changes in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and bacterial translocation across confluent Caco-2 monolayers. Read More

Microorganisms 2021 Mar 5;9(3). Epub 2021 Mar 5.

Department of Food, Aroma and Cosmetic Chemistry, Faculty of Bioindustry, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 196 Yasaka, Abashiri, Hokkaido 099-2493, Japan.

Adhesion to intestinal mucus is the first event in the process by which intestinal microbes colonize the intestine. It plays a critical role in the initiation of interactions between gut microbes and host animals. Despite the importance, the adhesion properties of probiotics are generally characterized using porcine mucin; adhesion to human mucus has been poorly characterized. Read More

Molecules 2021 Mar 13;26(6). Epub 2021 Mar 13.

Department of Morphology and Pathology, Medical College of Jundiai, Jundiaí, São Paulo 13202-550, SP, Brazil.

Autologous bone grafts, used mainly in extensive bone loss, are considered the gold standard treatment in regenerative medicine, but still have limitations mainly in relation to the amount of bone available, donor area, morbidity and creation of additional surgical area. This fact encourages tissue engineering in relation to the need to develop new biomaterials, from sources other than the individual himself. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of an elastin and collagen matrix on the bone repair process in critical size defects in rat calvaria. Read More

Biomolecules 2021 Mar 8;11(3). Epub 2021 Mar 8.

Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala University Hospital, SE-751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.

The aim of the present study was to study the associations between urine albumin excretion, and a large number of urinary chemokines, cytokines, and growth factors in a normal population. We selected 90 urine samples from individuals without CVD, diabetes, stroke or kidney disease belonging to the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors Study (41 males and 49 females, all aged 75 years). Urinary cytokine levels were analyzed with two multiplex assays (proximity extension assays) and the cytokine levels were correlated with urine albumin. Read More

Lancet Oncol 2021 Mar 30. Epub 2021 Mar 30.

Department of Medical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust/Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. Electronic address:

Background: Advanced biliary tract cancer has a poor prognosis. Cisplatin and gemcitabine is the standard first-line chemotherapy regimen, but no robust evidence is available for second-line chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to determine the benefit derived from second-line FOLFOX (folinic acid, fluorouracil, and oxaliplatin) chemotherapy in advanced biliary tract cancer. Read More

ISME J 2021 Mar 31. Epub 2021 Mar 31.

Division of Microbial Ecology, Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

Responses of the microbiota to diet are highly personalized but mechanistically not well understood because many metabolic capabilities and interactions of human gut microorganisms are unknown. Here we show that sulfoquinovose (SQ), a sulfonated monosaccharide omnipresent in green vegetables, is a selective yet relevant substrate for few but ubiquitous bacteria in the human gut. In human feces and in defined co-culture, Eubacterium rectale and Bilophila wadsworthia used recently identified pathways to cooperatively catabolize SQ with 2,3-dihydroxypropane-1-sulfonate as a transient intermediate to hydrogen sulfide (HS), a key intestinal metabolite with disparate effects on host health. Read More

Int Urogynecol J 2021 Mar 31. Epub 2021 Mar 31.

Department of Urology, Foch Hospital, 40 Rue Worth, 92150, Suresnes, France.

Introduction And Hypothesis: Tapes for stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and meshes for pelvic organ prolapse can result in postoperative complications, such as urethral (UP) or bladder (BP) perforations. Martius fat pad (MFP) is an historic procedure, widely used to treat lower urinary tract (LUT) fistulae. We report our experience with the insertion of the biological small intestinal submucosa (SIS) xenograft as an alternative to MFP in these prosthetic complications. Read More

Acta Radiol Open 2021 Mar 11;10(3):2058460121989313. Epub 2021 Mar 11.

Department of Radiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.

Background: One of the main concerns using low-dose (LD) CT for evaluation of patients with suspected intestinal obstruction or pneumoperitoneum is the potential need to make an additional standard-dose (SD) CT scan (retake) due to insufficient diagnostic accuracy of the LD CT.

Purpose: To determine the frequency of retakes and evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of LD CT for the assessment of intestinal obstruction and pneumoperitoneum.

Material And Methods: This retrospective study registered all LD CT scans over a one-year period at Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark in patients with suspected intestinal obstruction or perforation, comprising a total of 643 LD CT scans. Read More

Int J Gynecol Pathol 2021 Mar 29. Epub 2021 Mar 29.

Pathology Department (L.O.M., A.R., J.C., S.R.y.C., A.G.) Gynecologic Oncology Department (N.R.G.H.), Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus Pathology Department, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona (A.S.), Barcelona, Spain.

Vulvar cancer is rare and accounts for only 5% of all gynecologic cancers. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common and makes up 90% of the cases. Vulvar adenocarcinoma usually arises in Bartholin and other vulvar glands. Read More