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Onco Targets Ther 2019 28;12:2365-2372. Epub 2019 Mar 28.

Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People's Republic of China.

46, XY pure gonadal dysgenesis (PGD) is characterized as a female phenotype with strip-like gonads, which has a high tendency to develop into gonadal tumors. Somatic-type malignancies of germ cell tumors (SMs of GCTs) refer to the presence of malignant non-germ cell histologies admixed with GCTs, which are usually chemoresistant and indicate poor prognosis. This case report aimed to analyze the special histological type of GCTs and the importance of salvage surgery in the treatment of refractory GCTs. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2019 Apr;98(15):e15144

The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan.

Rationale: Yolk sac tumors (YSTs) are malignant germ cell tumors that secrete alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). These tumors commonly develop in infants, young children, and young women and often originate in the gonads. Primary endometrial YST is a very rare malignancy, and a primary endometrial YST in the absence of abnormal AFP levels is even rarer. Read More

J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2019 Feb;23(Suppl 1):49-53

Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.

Yolk sac tumor (YST) and teratoma both categorized as germ cell tumor (GCT). YST shows preferential differentiation toward yolk sac structures, while teratoma consists of tissues that originate from at least two embryonic germinal layers. Extragonadal location of YST is rare, whereas extragonadal teratoma is majority presented in nasopharynx area. Read More

Eur J Cancer 2019 Apr 4;113:19-27. Epub 2019 Apr 4.

Barts Health NHS Trust, West Smithfield, London, EC1A 7BE, UK; University College Hospital, 235 Euston Road London, NW1 2BU, UK; Centre for Molecular Oncology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK. Electronic address:

Background: Adult guidelines recommend BEP (bleomycin, etoposide, cisplatin) for all ovarian germ cell tumours, causing debilitating toxicities in young patients who will survive long term. Paediatricians successfully reduce toxicities by using lower bleomycin doses and substituting carboplatin for cisplatin, while testicular and paediatric immature teratomas (ITs) are safely managed with surgery alone.

Aim: The aim was to determine whether reduced-toxicity treatment could rationally be extended to patients older than 18 years. Read More

Adv Anat Pathol 2019 Apr 3. Epub 2019 Apr 3.

Department of Pathology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.

Testicular germ cell tumors are a diverse group of neoplasms, consisting of the prepubertal type 1 tumors, pure teratoma, and pure yolk sac tumor, the type 2 tumors, which are biologically malignant, preceded by germ cell neoplasia in situ, and harbor chromosome 12p abnormalities, and the type 3 tumor, spermatocytic tumor, which features chromosome 9p amplification. These arise in distinct clinical settings, and harbor distinct genetic abnormalities, immunohistochemical properties, and morphologic features. Here we have attempted to unify embryology, morphology, immunohistochemistry, and genetics in order to distill this fascinating group of neoplasms into what we hope is a useful framework for understanding their classification. Read More

Bull Cancer 2019 Apr 21;106(4):328-341. Epub 2019 Mar 21.

Hôpital Foch, service d'anatomie et cytologie pathologiques, 40, rue Worth, 92150 Suresnes, France; Institut Curie, service de pathologie, 35, rue Dailly, 92240 Saint Cloud, France. Electronic address:

In 2016, the WHO classification of testicular germ cell tumors was revised considering advances in the understanding of their tumorigenesis and molecular features. This restructuring led to a division into two major groups with, on one hand, prepubertal-type tumors, not derived from germ cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS), and on the other hand, postpubertal-type tumors, GCNIS-derived, which occur in youg men (seminoma and non seminomatous germ cell tumors - embryonal carcinoma, yolk sac tumor, teratoma and choriocarcinoma essentially). The term germ cell neoplasia in situ is consensually accepted as a new terminology for the precursor lesion. Read More

BMC Cancer 2019 Mar 18;19(1):244. Epub 2019 Mar 18.

Department of Radiology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 8, Xi Tou Tiao, Youanmen Wai, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, China.

Background: Nonseminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCTs) represent one of the main groups of germ cell tumors (GCTs), and they have a more invasive course than seminomatous GCTs. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positivity is considered to be a risk factor for testicular seminoma patients, but reports about HIV-infected individuals with NSGCTs are rare.

Case Presentation: We report a case of a retroperitoneal mixed extragonadal germ cell tumor in an HIV-infected man who has been diagnosed with bilateral cryptorchidism since birth. Read More

Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2019 03 1;24:765-776. Epub 2019 Mar 1.

State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.

Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) are generally rare but represent the most common solid tumors in young men. They are classified broadly into seminoma, which resemble primordial germ cells (PGCs), and non-seminoma, which are either undifferentiated (embryonic carcinoma) or differentiated (teratoma, yolk sac tumor, choriocarcinomas) patterning. A widespread role for microRNAs (miRNAs), in diverse molecular processes driving initiation and progression of various types of TGCTs has been recently studied. Read More

Toxicol Lett 2019 May 13;306:66-79. Epub 2019 Feb 13.

School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, National Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu, 611137, China. Electronic address:

The aim of this study was to investigate the hepatotoxic effect and its underlying mechanism of aloe emodin (AE). AE was docked with the targets of NF-κB inflammatory pathway and P53 apoptosis pathway respectively by using molecular docking technique. To verify the results of molecular docking and further investigate the hepatotoxicity mechanism of AE, the zebrafish Tg (fabp10: EGFP) was used as an animal model in vivo. Read More

South Asian J Cancer 2019 Jan-Mar;8(1):35-40

Department of Biostatistics, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Amrita University, Kochi, Kerala, India.

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the pattern of care and survival outcome in patients with malignant ovarian germ cell tumors (MOGCTs).

Materials And Methods: Between January 2004 and August 2017, 50 patients with MOGCT were identified at Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and 48 included in analyses. Histologic subtypes were as follows: dysgerminoma 11; immature teratoma 16; yolk sac tumor 3; and mixed germ cell tumor 18. Read More

Cancer Biol Med 2018 Nov;15(4):461-467

Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300060, China.

Extragonadal primary yolk sac tumor of the intestinal tract origin is exceedingly rare. Through a multiple disciplinary team, the diagnosis and treatment of primary intestinal yolk sac tumor were further defined. We report 2 such cases with detailed histologic and immunohistochemical analysis. Read More

Eur J Case Rep Intern Med 2018 26;5(7):000900. Epub 2018 Jul 26.

Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Lisbon, Portugal.

Some 2-5% of germ cell tumours are of extragonadal origin, with a retroperitoneal location being very rare. The majority of retroperitoneal germ cell tumours have metastasized from a testicular tumour. These tumours are diagnosed incidentally or symptomatically and nearly all present with high alpha-fetoprotein and lactate dehydrogenase levels. Read More

Gynecol Oncol Rep 2019 Feb 11;27:60-64. Epub 2019 Jan 11.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center at Cooper, Cooper University Health System, Camden, NJ, USA.

Ovarian endometrioid adenocarcinoma with yolk sac component has been reported in fewer than twenty cases in the literature. A majority of the diagnoses are described in postmenopausal women without specific reference to germline genetic testing. We describe, to our knowledge, the first case in the English literature of a premenopausal woman that presented with an ovarian endometrioid adenocarcinoma with focal yolk sac component and was subsequently found to have a germline mutation confirming a diagnosis of Lynch syndrome. Read More

Oncoimmunology 2019 13;8(2):e1542245. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

Department of Oncohaematology, IRCCS, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy.

Although pediatric malignant extracranial germ-cell tumors (meGCTs) are among the most chemosensitive solid tumors, a group of patients relapse and die of disease. To identify new markers predicting clinical outcome, we examined the prognostic relevance of tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes (TILs) and the expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in a cohort of pediatric meGCTs by immunohistochemistry. MeGCTs were variously infiltrated by T cell-subtypes according to the tumor subtype, tumor location and age at diagnosis. Read More

J Neurol Surg A Cent Eur Neurosurg 2019 Feb 1. Epub 2019 Feb 1.

Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, King Saud University, Riyadh, Riyadh Province, Saudi Arabia.

Background:  Intracranial teratomas are rare tumors that usually present during the second decade of life. Among intracranial teratomas, suprasellar germ cell tumors in particular are extremely rare. We present the case of an 18-year-old girl who underwent a successful endoscopic transnasal resection of a suprasellar teratoma with a mixed germ cell component. Read More

Iran J Pathol 2018 17;13(2):289-293. Epub 2018 Jul 17.

Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Melaka Manipal Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India.

Hepatoid variant of yolk sac tumor of ovary is an unusual tumor with an aggressive behavior. It is usually observed in young females, presents with abdominal complaints and is associated with raised α-fetoprotein (AFP) levels. It should be differentiated from other hepatoid tumors involving the ovary. Read More

Surg Neurol Int 2018 24;9:262. Epub 2018 Dec 24.

International Center for Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.

Background: Germ cell tumors comprise a heterogeneous group of neoplasms, classified as germinomas and nongerminomatous germ cell tumors based on clinicopathological features. The nongerminomatous group of tumors includes embryonal carcinoma, endodermal sinus tumor (yolk sac tumor), choriocarcinoma, mature and immature teratoma, and mixed germ cell tumors with more than one element. While germinomas are radiation-sensitive tumors, all other tumors have less response to radiotherapy, and it is suggested that gross total resection improves their overall survival and tumor-free survival rates. Read More

Ther Clin Risk Manag 2019 14;15:129-136. Epub 2019 Jan 14.

Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan,

Objectives: The prognosis of ovarian teratoma with malignant transformation and peritoneal dissemination (PD) is poor. This condition is rare but associated with a high recurrence rate even after aggressive debulking surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. In the present paper, we describe our experience of using cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS-HIPEC) for this condition. Read More

Int J Gynecol Cancer 2019 Jan 23. Epub 2019 Jan 23.

Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China

Objective: To evaluate the role of omentectomy and lymphadenectomy in the treatment of clinically apparent early-stage malignant ovarian germ cell tumors.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 245 patients with malignant ovarian germ cell tumors (yolk sac tumor, dysgerminoma, and immature teratoma) and with clinically early-stage disease, who were treated at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center between January 1, 1970 and December 31, 2017. The survival of patients who underwent either omentectomy or lymphadenectomy, or both (omentectomy/lymphadenectomy group) was compared with that of patients who did not undergo omentectomy or lymphadenectomy (non-omentectomy/lymphadenectomy group). Read More

Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2019 ;14(1):53-59

Institute of Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology of the CNR c / o Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine and Surgery of Naples, University of Naples 'Federico II', Naples, Italy.

Background: The most common solid malignancy of young men aged 20 to 34 years is testicular germ cell tumor. In addition, the incidence of these tumors has significantly increased throughout the last years. Testicular germ cell tumors are classified into seminoma and nonseminoma germ cell tumors, which take in yolk sac tumor, embryonal cell carcinoma, choriocarcinoma, and teratoma. Read More

J Pediatr Surg 2018 Dec 13. Epub 2018 Dec 13.

Department of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH. Electronic address:

Background: Despite variability at presentation, presacral masses in patients with and without anorectal malformations (ARM) appear histologically similar. The purpose of this study was to identify differences in oncologic outcomes between these two groups.

Methods: A retrospective review was performed utilizing our institutional cancer and colorectal and pelvic reconstruction databases for patients with presacral masses and sacrococcygeal teratomas between 1990 and 2017. Read More

J Ovarian Res 2019 Jan 10;12(1). Epub 2019 Jan 10.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, 201, Section 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, Republic of China.

Background: The value of this report is the identification of late recurrence with an extremely unusual combination of malignant transformation. In particular, the retroconversion of immature to mature teratoma as well as a somatic-type malignant transformation were both observed postchemotherapeutically in our case.

Case Presentation: We report the case of a 20-year-old girl who completed fertility-sparing surgery and chemotherapy under the diagnosis of ovarian mixed germ cell tumor (immature teratoma and yolk sac tumor) and experienced subsequent recurrence 4 years after a second debulking surgery with a somatic type malignant transformation (teratoma with melanoma and leiomyosarcoma). Read More

J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2019 Jan 7. Epub 2019 Jan 7.

Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. Electronic address:

Introduction: Yolk sac tumors (YSTs) are rare malignancies that originate from germ cells and rarely present with endocrine symptoms. We report a case of a 13-year-old girl with a YST manifesting as virilization.

Case Report: A 13-year-old girl was diagnosed as a YST with endocrine symptoms because of Leydig cells in the stroma, which were identified by HE staining and immunohistochemistry. Read More

Arch Pathol Lab Med 2019 Jan 10. Epub 2019 Jan 10.

From the University of Illinois at Chicago (Dr Acosta); the Chicago Medical School of Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois (Dr Pins); and the Advocate Lutheran General Hospital and the James R. & Helen D. Russell Institute for Research & Innovation, Park Ridge, Illinois (Dr Pins).

Hepatoid carcinoma of the ovary (HCO) is a rare malignant tumor of uncertain histogenesis that was first described by Ishikura and Scully in the late 1980s. Unlike hepatoid yolk sac tumor (HYST), one of its main differential diagnoses, HCO usually presents in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women without gonadal dysgenesis. Most cases show advanced local disease at initial presentation, with diffuse intraperitoneal dissemination. Read More

Inflamm Bowel Dis 2019 Jan 8. Epub 2019 Jan 8.

Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago Illinois.

Background: Human alpha-fetoprotein (hAFP) is a glycoprotein derived from the gut entoderm and expressed sequentially by cells of the yolk sac, fetal liver, and gastrointestinal tract. By adulthood, serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) are undetectable in healthy, nonpregnant adults. Despite the clinical utilities of AFP monitoring in pregnancy and malignancy, much remains to be determined regarding its potential physiological functions. Read More

Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2018 Aug 19;18(3):e383-e385. Epub 2018 Dec 19.

Department of Radiology & Molecular Imaging, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman.

Primary gastric yolk tumours are extremely rare. We report a 52-year-old male who presented to the Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman, in 2017 after having undergone a gastrectomy abroad due to a suspected poorly-differentiated adenocarcinoma. The patient subsequently returned to Oman to receive chemotherapy. Read More

Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019 01 2;116(3):997-1006. Epub 2019 Jan 2.

Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305;

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive malignant brain tumor with fatal outcome. Tumor-associated macrophages and microglia (TAMs) have been found to be major tumor-promoting immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. Hence, modulation and reeducation of tumor-associated macrophages and microglia in GBM is considered a promising antitumor strategy. Read More

Cancers (Basel) 2018 Dec 26;11(1). Epub 2018 Dec 26.

Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xin Ling Road, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, China.

Malignant gliomas are the most aggressive forms of brain tumors; whose metastasis and recurrence contribute to high rates of morbidity and mortality. Glioma stem cell-like cells are a subpopulation of tumor-initiating cells responsible for glioma tumorigenesis, metastasis, recurrence and resistance to therapy. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been reported to be dysregulated in most cancers, including gliomas and its functions are closely linked to initiating tumor metastasis and a very poor prognosis. Read More

Gynecol Oncol Rep 2019 Feb 30;27:22-24. Epub 2018 Nov 30.

Department of OB/GYN, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.

Yolk-sac tumors account for about 20% of ovarian germ cell tumors and occur predominantly in women below 35 years of age. Modern evidence-based treatment strategies have ensured long term post-treatment survival, but with increased survival, attention has been turned to an urgent need for developing fertility sparing treatment strategies. In this report we describe the successful treatment of a young woman who was able to conceive and deliver two children, in spite of the loss of one ovary two years prior to being diagnosed with an ovarian yolk-sac tumor on the remaining ovary. Read More

J Ovarian Res 2018 Dec 14;11(1):100. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

Department of Radiology, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki City, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan.

Background: Ovarian granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) are divided into adult GCT (AGCT) and juvenile GCT (JGCT). The AGCT is more common type, conversely, less than 5% of tumors are the JGCT and occur in mainly premenarchal girls and in women younger than 30 years. Although JGCT have different histologic features compared to AGCT, the two types have similar imaging features because they have similar gross appearance. Read More

Pediatr Surg Int 2019 Mar 11;35(3):383-389. Epub 2018 Dec 11.

State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Urology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, China.

Purpose: To evaluate risk factors of relapse in pediatric patients with clinical stage I (CS1) testicular yolk sac tumors.

Methods: With retrospective analysis, the medical records of children with pure testicular yolk sac tumors who were referred to Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center and The First Affiliated Hospital from January 1995 to December 2015 were selected and recorded. Histopathology and staging were retrieved and multivariate analysis was performed with SPSS 20. Read More

J Cancer 2018 31;9(23):4440-4448. Epub 2018 Oct 31.

Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.

MPHOSPH1, which is one of the kinesin superfamily proteins, has been reported to play an essential role in the carcinogenesis and progression of several kinds of cancers. MPHOSPH1 has also been suggested to be involved in STAT3 phosphorylation in hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the biological behavior of MPHOSPH1 in testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) is unclear at present. Read More

Int J Dev Neurosci 2018 Nov 20. Epub 2018 Nov 20.

Pediatrics and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School; Lurie Center for Autism, MassGeneral Hospital for Children. Electronic address:

Fetal placental macrophages and microglia (resident brain macrophages) have a common origin in the fetal yolk sac. Yolk-sac-derived macrophages comprise the permanent pool of brain microglia throughout an individual's lifetime. Inappropriate fetal microglial priming may therefore have lifelong neurodevelopmental consequences, but direct evaluation of microglial function in a living fetus or neonate is impossible. Read More

Minerva Ginecol 2018 Dec;70(6):750-753

First Department of Surgery, General Hospital of Attica "KAT", Athens, Greece -

Yolk sac tumor (YST) is the third most frequent ovarian germ cell type ovarian tumor. YST occurs primarily in young girls and in women at reproductive age and thus, the preservation of fertility is considered to be a crucial option if possible for these patients. Compared to previous years, the use of innovative chemotherapeutic regimens in the treatment of YSTs improved significantly the prognosis and outcomes of this rare type of neoplasia. Read More

Inflamm Res 2019 Feb 20;68(2):103-116. Epub 2018 Nov 20.

Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s.n., 28040, Madrid, Spain.

Background: In mammals, inflammation is required for wound repair and tumorigenesis. However, the events that lead to inflammation, particularly in non-healing wounds and cancer, are only partly understood.

Findings: Mast cells, due to their great plasticity, could orchestrate the inflammatory responses inducing the expression of extraembryonic programs of normal and pathological tissue formation. Read More

J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg 2018 Oct-Dec;23(4):232-233

Department of Radiodiagnosis, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.

Gastric yolk sac tumors (YSTs) are very rare. Only seven cases of pure YST of the stomach, with a median age of 65 years, and five cases of YST combined with adenocarcinoma have been reported. We report a 3-year-old boy who presented to us with recurrent episodes of melena and anemia of 2 months' duration. Read More

J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg 2018 Oct-Dec;23(4):228-231

Department of Pediatric Surgery and Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

A teratoma is not an uncommon tumor in the pediatric age group. It has a predilection for specific sites, but a teratoma arising from the hepatoduodenal ligament (HDL) is very rare. Only 15 cases of HDL teratoma have been reported so far. Read More

J Surg Case Rep 2018 Nov 1;2018(11):rjy291. Epub 2018 Nov 1.

Department of Surgery, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Road, New Lambton Heights, Australia.

A 24-year-old man with a history of Crohns disease, whilst undergoing surveillance colonoscopy was found to have an ulcerated caecal lesion. The histopathology from the mucosal biopsy was suggestive of a yolk sac tumour. After thorough re-examination, the patient had no radiological evidence of malignancy in his testes or retroperitoneum. Read More

Int J Gynecol Pathol 2018 Oct 31. Epub 2018 Oct 31.

Department of Woman and Child Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS-Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.

Hum Pathol 2019 Feb 22;84:254-261. Epub 2018 Oct 22.

Department of Pathology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. Electronic address:

Choriocarcinoma can be difficult to differentiate from other subtypes of testicular germ cell tumor and can occur unexpectedly in a distant, late metastasis. The aim of this investigation was to identify a marker superior to β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) for choriocarcinoma. Sixty-two primary and metastatic testicular germ cell tumors (27 choriocarcinomas, 19 yolk sac tumors, 29 embryonal carcinomas, 28 seminomas, 22 teratomas, 3 epithelioid trophoblastic tumors [ETTs]) were analyzed for immunohistochemical expression of cytokeratin 7 (CK7), inhibin, p63, and β-hCG. Read More

J BUON 2018 Jul-Aug;23(4):1125-1129

Department of Surgical Pathology, Uludag University School of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey.

Purpose: Upregulation of N-cadherin in epithelial tumor cells has been reported to enhance the invasive process. Although the distribution of N-cadherin in the normal testis was demonstrated, there is no adequate information regarding its presence in testicular germ cell tumors (GCTs). Our purpose was to examine the expression and localization of N-cadherin in germ cell tumors of the testis and share our experience. Read More

Onco Targets Ther 2018 12;11:6853-6862. Epub 2018 Oct 12.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China,

Malignant mixed ovarian germ cell tumors are very rare, accounting for ~5.3% of all malignant ovarian germ cell tumors (MOGCTs), with a very high degree of malignancy. The treatment of patients with persistent, refractory, or platinum-resistant MOGCT is not well defined. Read More

Pediatr Surg Int 2018 Dec 15;34(12):1339-1343. Epub 2018 Oct 15.

Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, China.

Aim: Prepubertal testicular tumors are rare in children. We aim to present clinical and histological features of prepubertal testicular tumors through the analysis of the long-term experiences of a single medical center of China.

Materials And Methods: A total of 67 children (≤ 14 years) treated for testicular tumor at our institution from 2005 to 2015 were retrospectively reviewed. Read More

Med Res Arch 2018 Mar 15;6(3). Epub 2018 Mar 15.

Department of Neurosurgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, IUPUI, Indiana, USA.

Importance: Primary central nervous system (CNS) germ cell tumors (GCT) are a heterogeneous group of tumors that are still poorly understood. In North America, GCTs comprise approximately 1% of primary brain tumors in pediatric and young adult patients. GCTs can occur as pure or mixed subtypes; they are divided into germinomas, which are the most common subtype, and non-germinomatous germ cell tumors (NGGCTs), which consist of approximately one-third of GCTs and include teratomas, embryonal carcinomas, choriocarcinomas, and yolk sac tumors. Read More

Surg Oncol 2018 Sep 8;27(3):520. Epub 2018 Jun 8.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:

Background: Primary yolk sac tumor (YST) of the vulva is extremely rare and only introduced in case reports [1]. For those, routine inguinal lymph node dissection (LND) in absence of palpable inguinal lymph node is questionable. To avoid complications of inguinal LND, such as lymphedema, inguinal sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) can be considered [2,3]. Read More

Surg Case Rep 2018 Sep 6;4(1):111. Epub 2018 Sep 6.

Second Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1, Kimiidera, Wakayama, 641-8510, Japan.

Background: Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is produced by some tumors, such as hepatocellular carcinoma and yolk sac tumors, leading to an increase in serum AFP level. However, AFP in colorectal cancer is extremely rare. Treatment for AFP-producing cancer is often performed according to conventional methods, but oncological outcomes of both surgery and chemotherapy are poor. Read More

Pediatr Dev Pathol 2018 Sep 3:1093526618798771. Epub 2018 Sep 3.

3 Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.

Chromosome 12p gains are typically present in postpubertal male patients with testicular malignant germ cell tumors, including most teratomas, and absent in pure ovarian teratomas, both mature and immature. We sought to evaluate the clinicopathologic features and chromosome 12p status of pediatric patients with sacrococcygeal teratomas (SCTs) using the institutional databases of 2 tertiary medical centers. Seven mature teratomas (3 pure, 2 with yolk sac tumor, 1 with medulloepithelioma, and 1 with ependymoma) and 3 immature teratomas (2 pure: grade 2 and grade 3 and 1 mixed: grade 3 with yolk sac tumor) were identified. Read More