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J Surg Res 2021 Jun 10;267:25-36. Epub 2021 Jun 10.

Department of Thoracic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Western China Collaborative Innovation Center for Early Diagnosis and Multidisciplinary Therapy of Lung Cancer, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. Electronic address:

Background: This study aimed to determine the disease characteristics and prognosis of patients with primary mediastinal nonseminomas (PMNS) in a Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) analysis.

Materials And Methods: Demographic, treatment, and survival outcome data of cases with PMNS from 1975 to 2016 were retrieved. Cases with unknown variables mentioned in the analysis were excluded. Read More

Nat Commun 2021 06 11;12(1):3579. Epub 2021 Jun 11.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.

Yolk sac tumors (YSTs) are a major histological subtype of malignant ovarian germ cell tumors with a relatively poor prognosis. The molecular basis of this disease has not been thoroughly characterized at the genomic level. Here we perform whole-exome and RNA sequencing on 41 clinical tumor samples from 30 YST patients, with distinct responses to cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Read More

Ann Diagn Pathol 2021 May 26;53:151763. Epub 2021 May 26.

Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tata Memorial Hospital, Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Background: Primary mediastinal germ tumours (PMGCT) constitute, a mere 3-4% of all germ cell tumours (GCT). Although they account for approximately 16% of mediastinal tumours in adults and 19-25% in children as per western literature, there is hardly any large series on PMGCT reported from the Indian subcontinent.

Design: We have retrospectively analysed clinicopathological features of 98 cases of PMGCT diagnosed over 10 years (2010-2019) from a tertiary-care oncology centre. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2021 May;100(19):e25778

Department of Radiation Oncology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang.

Rationale: Intracranial yolk sac tumors (YSTs) are rare malignancies with limited treatment options and a dismal prognosis. They are usually managed with surgical resection and chemoradiotherapy.

Patient Concerns: Here, we report a patient with primary YST in the pineal region who achieved long term survival. Read More

Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 2021 Jun;50(6):688-690

Department of Pathology, Jiaxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Jiaxing 314000, China.

Int J Gynecol Cancer 2021 May 25. Epub 2021 May 25.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the oncological outcome of stage I malignant ovarian germ cell tumors patients included in the MITO-9 study to identify those who might be recommended routine surveillance alone after complete surgical staging.

Methods: MITO-9 was a prospective observational study analyzing data collected between January 2013 and December 2019. Three groups were identified: group A included 13 patients stage IA dysgerminoma and IAG1 immature teratoma; group B included 29 patients with stage IB-C dysgerminomas, IA-C G2-G3 immature teratomas and stage IA mixed malignant ovarian germ cell tumors and yolk sac tumors; and group C included five patients (two patients with stage IC1 and one patient with stage IC2 yolk sac tumors and two patients with mixed-stage IC2 malignant ovarian germ cell tumors). Read More

Pediatr Surg Int 2021 May 24. Epub 2021 May 24.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang University School of Medicine, Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, China.

Objective: The lack of appropriate preclinical models of ovarian yolk sac tumor (OYST) is currently hindering the pursuit of new methods of treatment and investigation of the pathogenesis of the disease. We developed and characterized an OYST patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model in this study.

Methods: Tumor fragments from a patient with an OYST were implanted subcutaneously into BALB/c Nude mice. Read More

Adv Anat Pathol 2021 May 24. Epub 2021 May 24.

Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX Weill Medical College of Cornell University (WCMC), New York, NY.

Mediastinal germ cell tumors (MGCTs) are the most common extragonadal germ cell tumors (GCTs) and most often arise in the anterior mediastinum with a male predilection. MGCTs also have a predilection for patients with Klinefelter syndrome and possibly other genetic conditions. MGCTs, as GCTs at other extragonadal sites, are thought to arise from germ cells improperly retained during migration along the midline during embryogenesis. Read More

Med Pharm Rep 2021 Apr 29;94(2):252-255. Epub 2021 Apr 29.

Department of Pathology, ABVIMS (formerly PGIMER), Dr RML Hospital, New Delhi, India.

Pure yolk sac tumor is the most frequently seen testicular tumor in childhood; however it is usually a component of mixed germ cell tumor in adults. Pure yolk sac tumors are quite rare in adults. Pure yolk sac tumor in adults has been categorized as yolk sac tumor, post-pubertal type. Read More

J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2021 May 14. Epub 2021 May 14.

Queen's University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Division of Gynaecologic Oncology, 76 Stuart Street, Victory 4, Kingston ON, K7L 2V7.

Background: Ovarian carcinoma diagnosed in pregnancy is rare. Treatment should take both mother and fetus into consideration.

Case: We present the case of a patient diagnosed with a stage IC1 yolk sac tumour of the ovary at 15 weeks gestation, who underwent surgical staging and adjuvant chemotherapy during pregnancy. Read More

Sci Rep 2021 May 10;11(1):9873. Epub 2021 May 10.

Nano-Oncology and Translational Therapeutics Unit, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Clinical University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela (CHUS), SERGAS, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is known for being very aggressive, heterogeneous and highly metastatic. The standard of care treatment is still chemotherapy, with adjacent toxicity and low efficacy, highlighting the need for alternative and more effective therapeutic strategies. Edelfosine, an alkyl-lysophospholipid, has proved to be a promising therapy for several cancer types, upon delivery in lipid nanoparticles. Read More

World J Clin Cases 2021 May;9(13):3212-3218

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan 54645, Jeollabuk-do, South Korea.

Background: Endodermal sinus tumors (ESTs), which arise primarily in children and adolescents, account for 20% of malignant ovarian germ cell tumors, but constitute only 1% of all ovarian malignancies. Treatment of ESTs consists of surgical staging with fertility-sparing surgery and chemotherapy.

Case Summary: A 15-year-old nulliparous patient was diagnosed with disseminated ovarian ESTs after laparoscopic unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy using uncontained power morcellation for treatment of a ruptured solid adnexal mass in another hospital. Read More

Surg Case Rep 2021 May 6;7(1):111. Epub 2021 May 6.

Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.

Background: Gastric yolk sac tumor (YST)-like carcinoma is extremely rare, and its prognosis is poor, because most patients have widespread metastases at the time of diagnosis. We report a case of gastric YST-like carcinoma with an adenocarcinoma component without metastases in which curative resection was performed.

Case Presentation: A 77-year-old man complaining of melena and dizziness due to anemia was diagnosed with poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma in the gastric cardia, with a benign ulcer in the gastric body. Read More

Int J Gynecol Cancer 2021 May;31(5):797-798

Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Madrid, Spain.

Cancer Causes Control 2021 Apr 28. Epub 2021 Apr 28.

Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Purpose: To examine associations between parental occupation and childhood germ cell tumors (GCTs) in offspring while distinguishing by common histologic subtype (i.e., yolk sac tumor and teratoma). Read More

J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2021 May 29;64(3):406-413. Epub 2021 Apr 29.

Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) is an extragonadal germ cell tumor (GCT) that develops in the fetal and neonatal periods. SCT is a type I GCT in which only teratoma and yolk sac tumors arise from extragonadal sites. SCT is the most common type I GCT and is believed to originate through epigenetic reprogramming of early primordial germ cells migrating from the yolk sac to the gonadal ridges. Read More

Asian J Surg 2021 Apr 21. Epub 2021 Apr 21.

Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China. Electronic address:

Testis-sparing surgery (TSS) has been increasingly used for treating a variety of testicular tumors (TTs) in children. However, the indications and feasibility associated with TSS remain uncertain. This study aimed to present the clinical outcomes of TSS in children with TTs. Read More

Gynecol Oncol Rep 2021 May 16;36:100748. Epub 2021 Mar 16.

Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health, 270-05 76 Avenue, Suite C-221, New Hyde Park, NY 11040, United States.

•Seven of eighteen postmenopausal female endometrial YST cases were pure YST.•IHC supports somatic tumor cell -differentiation yielding extra-gonadal YST.•Studying genetic alterations in endometrial YST may elucidate its histiogenesis. Read More

J Inflamm Res 2021 12;14:1375-1385. Epub 2021 Apr 12.

Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, People's Republic of China.

Introduction: Alveolar macrophages that regulate the inflammatory response in lungs are the main target cell for the treatment of inflammatory pulmonary pathologies, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Yolk sac derived alveolar resident macrophages play an important role in the pulmonary inflammatory response. With regards to anti-inflammatory actions, lipoxin A4 (LXA4) has been identified as an inflammatory "braking signal". Read More

Curr Med Sci 2021 Apr 20;41(2):342-347. Epub 2021 Apr 20.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.

Yolk sac tumors (YSTs) are rare malignant germ cell tumors that usually affect young females. To date, there have been few studies on YSTs. We evaluated the relationship between clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with ovarian YSTs and disease outcome based on Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data. Read More

Adv Anat Pathol 2021 Jul;28(4):258-275

Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN.

Testicular tumors are incredibly diverse and one of the most challenging areas in surgical pathology. Because of the rarity and overlapping features with numerous entities occurring in the testis and paratestis, these tumors pose a diagnostic challenge even to the most experienced general pathologists. In 2016, the latest "World Health Organization (WHO) classification of testicular tumors" was released, which incorporated several updates to the previous 2004 classification system. Read More

Sci Rep 2021 Apr 16;11(1):8377. Epub 2021 Apr 16.

Department of Marine Life Science, Jeju National University, Jeju, 63243, Republic of Korea.

Fisetin is a naturally occurring flavonoid that possesses several pharmacological benefits including anti-inflammatory activity. However, its precise anti-inflammatory mechanism is not clear. In the present study, we found that fisetin significantly inhibited the expression of proinflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E (PGE), and cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264. Read More

Onco Targets Ther 2021 29;14:2227-2233. Epub 2021 Mar 29.

Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, People's Republic of China.

In adults, yolk sac tumors (YSTs) in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses are very rare. To date, only six cases have been reported in the English literature. YSTs in adults are often accompanied by cancer, teratocarcinosarcoma, and other malignant components. Read More

J Pediatr Surg 2021 Mar 5. Epub 2021 Mar 5.

Department of Paediatric Surgery, Alder Hey Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, School Of Health And Life Science, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom.

Objective: To report a 20-year experience highlighting management and outcome(s) of paediatric testicular tumours.

Patients And Methods: All males (< 19 years) with an index diagnosis of testicular tumours during the era(s) 1998-2018 in North West England were identified. Data were collected regarding age at diagnosis, disease stage, surgical operations, tumour biology and outcome(s). Read More

Int J Gynecol Pathol 2021 Mar 24. Epub 2021 Mar 24.

Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland (S.G.) Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Women & Infants Hospital and the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rohde Island (L.C.H., N.B.).

Yolk sac tumor of the endometrium is an uncommon neoplasm. Here we report a case of yolk sac tumor arising in a uterine carcinosarcoma, with the carcinomatous component showing both endometrioid and serous components, and the sarcomatous component showing homologous (spindled) differentiation. The yolk sac tumor showed predominant glandular configuration and was present admixed with the epithelial components. Read More

BMC Cancer 2021 Mar 25;21(1):318. Epub 2021 Mar 25.

Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, People's Republic of China.

Background: Icaritin, an active ingredient of the Chinese herb Epimedium, plays an anti-tumor role in liver cancer by inhibiting the proliferation of hepatocellular cells and promoting their apoptosis. In China, phase II and a large phase III clinical trial of icaritin reagent for the treatment of hepatocellular cancer is under-going, but the specific mechanism of icaritin action was unclear. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), an oncofetal protein, produced in the healthy fetal liver and yolk sac. Read More

Neurochirurgie 2021 Mar 19. Epub 2021 Mar 19.

Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100050 Beijing, China. Electronic address:

Background: Primary intracranial pure endodermal sinus tumor (EST) is a rare malignant nongerminomatous germ cell tumor. There is still lack of knowledge about the treatment and prognosis.

Methods: We studied 6 cases of primary intracranial pure EST patients in Beijing Tiantan Hospital from June 2009 to June 2015. Read More

Arch Gynecol Obstet 2021 Mar 9. Epub 2021 Mar 9.

Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the relative risk factors associated with the prognosis and effective treatments of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)-producing epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC).

Method: We presented three cases of AFP-producing EOC and performed a brief review to summarize the clinicopathological features and prognostic factors of 24 cases that have been previously reported. We evaluated the correlations among prognostic and clinical parameters, such as stage, pathology and chemotherapy regimens. Read More