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J Low Genit Tract Dis 2019 Feb 7. Epub 2019 Feb 7.

Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.

Objectives: We surveyed women from a primary care population to assess the prevalence of unreported vulvovaginal symptoms.

Materials And Methods: A random sample of women aged 18 to 84 years without a diagnosis of vulvovaginitis or vulvodynia in the past year were surveyed anonymously about prevalence and severity of vulvar and vaginal symptoms of itching, burning, irritation, vaginal discharge, vaginal dryness, and vulvovaginal pain in the past month. Women reporting at least 1 moderate-severe symptom were considered symptomatic. Read More

Cas Lek Cesk 2019 ;157(7):354-357

Disorders of vulva and vagina are the most common problem in childhood in gynecological practice. As child is not the little adult, as young girl is not little woman. Childhood is characterized by changing hormone levels, which influenced hormone-dependent tissues. Read More

An Pediatr (Barc) 2018 Nov 24. Epub 2018 Nov 24.

Serviço de Pediatria, Hospital de Santarém, Santarém, Portugal.

Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019 Feb 29;63(2). Epub 2019 Jan 29.

Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary

As a consequence of emerging numbers of vulvovaginitis cases caused by azole-resistant and biofilm-forming species, fast and efficient treatment of this infection has become challenging. The problem is further exacerbated by the severe side effects of azoles as long-term-use medications in the recurrent form. There is therefore an increasing demand for novel and safely applicable effective antifungal therapeutic strategies. Read More

Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2019 Feb 7;174:110-125. Epub 2018 Nov 7.

Department of Ecology of Pathogen Agents, Hospital Manuel Gea González, Mexico City, Mexico.

Candida species, including C. albicans, are part of the mucosal flora of most healthy women, and inhabit the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts. Under favourable conditions, they can colonize the vulvovaginal mucosa, giving rise to symptomatic vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). Read More

Lasers Med Sci 2018 Nov 7. Epub 2018 Nov 7.

Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health, Av. Dom Joao VI, 275, Brotas, Salvador, Bahia, 40290-000, Brazil.

A healthy female genital mucosa has an ecosystem that remains in balance through interactions between endogenous and exogenous factors. The light-emitting diode (LED) is a device that emits light at different wavelengths, with varying color and effects. Blue light in humans is most commonly used for antimicrobial purposes and has been already applied to treat facial acne and gastric bacteria. Read More

Case Rep Obstet Gynecol 2018 1;2018:7651254. Epub 2018 Oct 1.

Catholic University of Graben, OBS/GYN Department, Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Spontaneous massive vulvar edema in pregnancy is unusual and a cause for concern. This condition should be taken seriously since it might be caused by some conditions such as preeclampsia, diabetes, vulvovaginitis, severe anemia, and neoplasms. We report a case of massive vulvar edema in a 15-year-old primigravida following tocolysis therapy at 33 weeks of gestation. Read More

J Fungi (Basel) 2018 Oct 31;4(4). Epub 2018 Oct 31.

Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan 200284, Nigeria.

species are one of the commonest causes of vaginitis in healthy women of reproductive age. Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is characterized by vulvovaginal itching, redness and discharge. , which is a common genito-urinary tract commensal, has been the prominent species and remains the most common fungal agent isolated from clinical samples of patients diagnosed with VVC. Read More

Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2018 Oct 22;60:e59. Epub 2018 Oct 22.

Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde do Adulto, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil.

Introduction: Candida parapsilosis is one of the main species that is able to adhere to forming biofilms on inert materials. Adhesion is the first step towards the colonization and invasion of host cells during the infectious process. Among the infections, vulvovaginal candidiasis is increasingly common. Read More

Cell Physiol Biochem 2018 24;50(3):893-910. Epub 2018 Oct 24.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, China.

Background/aims: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a disease commonly occurring in sexually active women. The involvement of microRNAs in several kinds of infectious diseases has been highlighted in a number of researches. Therefore, we conducted the present study in order to investigate whether microRNA-1192 (miR-1192) would significantly target CXCR4 in Th17 cells as well as inflammatory factors in mouse models suffering from VVC. Read More

Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2018 Nov 2;92(3):226-229. Epub 2018 Jun 2.

Femicare vzw, Tienen.

Objective: Although most women on fluconazole maintenance therapy for recurrent vulvovaginal candidosis experience a substantial improvement in quality of life, some do not respond to therapy. Is candidal colonization of extragenital sites related to suboptimal response to maintenance therapy?

Patients And Methods: Women included in a multicenter follow-up study (ReCiDiF) were evaluated for clinical signs and presence of yeasts in nose, mouth, anus, perineum, and urine. Candida was diagnosed by positive microscopy, confirmed by positive culture or polymerase chain reaction. Read More

Curr Top Med Chem 2018 ;18(15):1324-1332

Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Plaza Ramon y Cajal s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain.

Background: Candida albicans is an opportunistic yeast that causes more than 90% of all vulvovaginal infections. Because of being inherently resistant to antifungals drugs such as azole derivatives, the search for anti-Candida albicans agents with new pharmacological targets is considered as the main therapeutic strategy to prevent and treat these types of infections. In this context, products of natural origin are a promising source of compounds with antifungal activity. Read More

Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2019 Mar 30;64(2):133-141. Epub 2018 Sep 30.

Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Clinical Analysis Technical Course, Health Technical School, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

When it comes to women's health, treating vaginal infections makes up a high proportion of the gynecological services. Among the forms of vaginitis, vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is considered the second most common. Demand for new treatment alternatives is increasingly relevant, especially for therapies with fewer side effects, better tolerability, and lower cost, while still offering improved quality of life in terms of disease prevention. Read More

Future Microbiol 2018 09 26;13:1375-1382. Epub 2018 Sep 26.

Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmacological & Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy.

Aim: The objective of this research was to evaluate the antifungal properties of the association between grape seed and pea by using a nonpharmacological medical device that contains them.

Materials & Methods: A murine model of vulvovaginal candidiasis, induced by Candida albicans infection, was used.

Results: We showed that topical treatment with the device significantly reduced the fungal burden in vagina and preserved vagina tissue architecture from C. Read More

J Med Microbiol 2018 Nov 4;67(11):1601-1607. Epub 2018 Oct 4.

4​Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.

Purpose: Up to 75 % of all women develop vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), with symptoms such as vulvar erythema, pruritus and abnormal vaginal discharge. Despite the global distribution of Candida africana, its role in recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) is still unclear and requires further investigation. Here, we report on the frequency of C. Read More

Diabetes Obes Metab 2019 Feb 11;21(2):434-438. Epub 2018 Oct 11.

Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.

The extent to which sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors increase the risk of genital infections in routine clinical care, compared with other antidiabetic medications, is not clear, or whether the increased risk is consistent across gender or age subgroups, within individual SGLT2 agents, or if it is more pronounced at a particular time after treatment initiation. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using two US commercial claims databases (2013-2017). In the primary analysis, 1:1 propensity score-matched cohorts of female and male subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus initiating SGLT2 versus dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors were created. Read More

Curr Med Mycol 2018 Mar;4(1):30-33

Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medial Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Background And Purpose: is a non- species isolated from certain plants, soil, air, and arctic glaciers.

Case Report: This report describes a case of a 23-year-old Iranian female with pruritus and vaginal irritation. Conventional tests and molecular analysis of the samples of vaginal discharge were performed. Read More

Int J STD AIDS 2018 Aug 31:956462418792113. Epub 2018 Aug 31.

Department of Dermatology, Topiwala National Medical College & B.Y.L. Nair Hospital, Mumbai, India.

Candida, a commensal dimorphic fungus, is the most common microorganism that causes opportunistic fungal infections worldwide. It can cause diseases ranging from superficial mucosal infections to disseminated, systemic life-threatening infections. Among Candida species, Candida albicans is the most common infectious agent. Read More

J Sex Med 2018 Sep 23;15(9):1310-1321. Epub 2018 Aug 23.

Department of Primary and Community Care, Unit Gender & Women's Health, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.

Background: Provoked vulvodynia (PVD) is a chronic vulvar pain condition affecting up to 8.3% of the female population. Despite many years of research, no clear cause for PVD has been identified. Read More

PLoS One 2018 22;13(8):e0202401. Epub 2018 Aug 22.

University of São Paulo, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Objective: To characterize the lipid profile in vaginal discharge of women with vulvovaginal candidiasis, cytolytic vaginosis, or no vaginal infection or dysbiosis.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Genital Infections Ambulatory, Department of Tocogynecology, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo-Brazil. Read More

J Clin Lab Anal 2019 Jan 12;33(1):e22644. Epub 2018 Aug 12.

Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.

Objective: This study was to investigate the changes of antifungal susceptibilities caused by the phenotypic switching in patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC).

Methods: 229 women were enrolled in this study. The vaginal smears of these patients were collected and gram stained for fungal microscopic observation. Read More

Niger J Clin Pract 2018 Aug;21(8):1017-1022

Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria.

Background: Clinical diagnosis of acute vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) depends on evidence of clinical symptoms, but symptomatic treatment widely practiced in low-resource area may lead to overdiagnosis and treatment.

Objective: The objective of the study is to determine the prevalence of VVC among women attending gynecological clinic in University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital (UNTH) Enugu and the accuracy of clinical-based diagnosis versus laboratory test supported diagnosis and patients' characteristics that affect accuracy.

Materials And Methods: This study surveyed patients seen in a gynecologic clinic for VVC using a semi-structured, pretested, and interviewer-administered questionnaire. Read More

Med Sci Monit 2018 Aug 1;24:5338-5345. Epub 2018 Aug 1.

Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland).

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to analyze the differences in vaginal microecological factors and genital tract infections among pregnant women of different ages. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study included 751 pregnant women from West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, China, from January 2015 to April 2017. After gram staining, the vaginal microecological factors of these cases were observed, including vaginal cleanliness, lactobacillus number, bacterial density, flora diversity, dominant bacteria, pH, clue cells, Candida species, and Trichomonas vaginalis. Read More

PLoS One 2018 31;13(7):e0201436. Epub 2018 Jul 31.

Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.

Vaginal candidiasis is a common disorder in women of childbearing age, caused primarily by the dimorphic fungus Candida albicans. Since C. albicans is a normal commensal of the vaginal mucosa, a long-standing question is how the fungus switches from being a harmless commensal to a virulent pathogen. Read More

Praxis (Bern 1994) 2018 Jul;107(15):850-851

1 Horten-Zentrum für praxisorientierte Forschung und Wissenstransfer, Universitätsspital Zürich.

Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2018 Sep 9;228:232-237. Epub 2018 Jul 9.

Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea.

Candida albicans is the most important Candida species causing vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). We investigated the potential of the probiotic strains Lactobacillus fermentum MG901 and L. plantarum MG989 towards control of C. Read More

Mycoses 2018 Nov 1;61(11):857-860. Epub 2018 Aug 1.

Femicare vzw, Tienen, Belgium.

Objective: This study analyses a relation between sexual habits and the presence of Candida in extra-genital locations as well as a potential effect on therapy response.

Material And Methods: Candida cultures were obtained from mouth, nose, anus, urine and perineum of 117 women enrolled in a RVVC treatment trial (ReCiDiF). Sexual behaviour and carriage rates of extra-genital Candida of women responding well to treatment were compared to that of non-responders. Read More

Vet Microbiol 2018 Jul 24;221:27-32. Epub 2018 May 24.

School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Matelica, Italy. Electronic address:

During a serological survey, 157 out of 681 unvaccinated buffaloes resulted seropositive for bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV1) glycoprotein B (gB) and seronegative for BoHV1 glycoprotein E (gE). These serological results were generally expected in animals vaccinated with a BoHV1 gE-deleted vaccine but not in unvaccinated animals. Seroneutralization tests on 36 selected sera detected neutralizing antibody titers more than three times higher for BuHV1 than for BoHV1. Read More

Biomed Res Int 2018 7;2018:9703754. Epub 2018 Jun 7.

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, China.

To explore risk factors of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) among women of reproductive age in Xi'an district and then to offer reference for clinical prevention and treatment of VVC. Patients from the outpatient department of gynecology and obstetrics in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University from June 2016 to May 2017 were recruited strictly according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Participants diagnosed as simple VVC were assigned to the case group, while women who underwent routine gynecological examination and had normal vaginal microflora were assigned to the control group. Read More

J Low Genit Tract Dis 2018 Oct;22(4):382-386

Drexel University College of Medicine and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Philadelphia, PA.

Objectives: Data about long-term clinical outcome after a course of maintenance fluconazole in those with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) is lacking. We aimed to determine the rate of recurrence at a minimum of 6 months after completion of maintenance therapy.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of women with Candida albicans RVVC from January 2008 to January 2017 was performed using chart review to obtain information about recurrence after maintenance therapy. Read More

CMAJ 2018 Jul;190(26):E800

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Brander), McMaster University, Hamilton, Ont.; Obstetrics and Gynecology (McQuillan), University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.

Expert Opin Pharmacother 2018 Jun 22;19(9):971-977. Epub 2018 Jun 22.

b Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology , Jefferson Medical College , Philadelphia , PA , USA.

Introduction: Clinicians are increasingly challenged by patients with refractory vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) caused by azole-resistant Candida species. Fluconazole resistant C.albicans is a growing and perplexing problem following years of indiscriminate drug prescription and unnecessary drug exposure and for which there are few therapeutic alternatives. Read More

Lett Appl Microbiol 2018 Sep 12;67(3):285-291. Epub 2018 Jul 12.

Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, UFRN, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is an inflammatory disease of the vulva and vagina caused by different yeasts of the genus Candida which is responsible for infection in pregnant patients who attended Maternidade Escola Januário Cicco, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. From 41 samples, 19 yeasts were identified phenotypically as Candida albicans and one as Candida glabrata which is reported as the non-albicans species most frequently isolated from vulvovaginitis. The susceptibility to selected antifungal agents (flucytosine, fluconazole, voriconazole, amphotericin B, caspofungin and micafungin) was determined, and the association between patient-related signs and symptoms aided the construction of an epidemiological profile. Read More

J Int Med Res 2018 Sep 7;46(9):3583-3595. Epub 2018 Jun 7.

6 Medical Department, ITF Research Pharma S.L.U., Madrid, Spain.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy, tolerability and acceptability of Zelesse®, an intimate hygiene wash solution, in the relief of the symptoms and signs of non-specific vulvovaginitis in paediatric patients. Methods The NINESSE Study was a prospective, observational, multicentre study involving females aged 2-8 years who attended paediatric offices with symptoms suggestive of non-specific vulvovaginitis. They were administered Zelesse® as a single treatment for 15 ± 5 days. Read More

New Microbiol 2018 07 6;41(3):220-224. Epub 2018 Jun 6.

Lower Genital Tract Disease Unit, V. Buzzi Hospital, University of Milan, Italy.

The aim of this non-interventional, observational, multicentre, open-label study was to assess the effectiveness of a vaginal gel containing extracts of Thymus vulgaris and Eugenia caryophyllus in conjunction with two specific lactobacilli strains (Lactobacillus fermentum LF10 and Lactobacillus plantarum LP02) specifically formulated in slow-release vaginal capsules, in treating bacterial vaginosis (BV), vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) or recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis disease (RVVC) [Estromineral Probiogel (EPB) in Italy, or Saugella Probiogel; Meda Pharma - Mylan Group]. There was a statistically significant improvement in pruritus, burning, vulvovaginal oedema and erythema, dyspareunia and vaginal secretions in all diagnostic groups. At the end of the study, the microbiological evaluation was normal in 80. Read More

Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2018 06;58(3):E5

Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, Portugal.

Pan Afr Med J 2017 6;28:294. Epub 2017 Dec 6.

Biotechnology Center, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon.

Introduction: Vaginal candidiasis is considered as an important public health problem worldwide and its incidence has increased nowadays. In recent years, inappropriate and disproportionate use of antifungal drugs, automedication as well as non compliance have caused drug resistance.

Methods: This study aimed at determining the antifungal susceptibility patterns of isolated from female genital tract at in Cameroon. Read More

Biomed Res Int 2018 4;2018:7648152. Epub 2018 Apr 4.

Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.

Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) is a common illness influencing childbearing women worldwide. Most women suffering from RVVC develop infection without specified risk factors. Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is an important component of innate immune defense against infection. Read More

Vet Microbiol 2018 Jun 11;219:150-153. Epub 2018 Apr 11.

Centro di Referenza nazionale per la Rinotracheite Infettiva del Bovino (IBR), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche, via G. Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy. Electronic address:

Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR)/infectious pustular vulvovaginitis (IPV) caused by Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) is a significant disease in domestic and wild cattle. In June 2015, the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Forestry in Italy approved a national surveillance plan to control and eradicate IBR in beef cattle breeds. The objective of this study was to evaluate the results of the first year of the IBR voluntary surveillance plan in Italy. Read More

J Ethnopharmacol 2018 Sep 26;223:51-62. Epub 2018 May 26.

First School of Clinical Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China. Electronic address:

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Pulsatilla decoction (PD) is a classical prescription in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and has been reported to have inhibitory effects on Candida albicans proliferation.

Study Aim: To investigate the therapeutic effects of PD in the treatment of Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) and elucidate the potential mechanism.

Materials And Methods: Female BALB/c mice (N = 90) were randomized to six treatment groups, including the Control group, Model group, three PD groups and Fluconazole group which served as a positive control (20 mg/kg weekly). Read More

J Mol Med (Berl) 2018 May 7. Epub 2018 May 7.

Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Danderyd Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Candida albicans belongs to the normal microbial flora on epithelial surfaces of humans. However, under certain, still not fully understood conditions, it can become pathogenic and cause a spectrum of diseases, from local infections to life-threatening septicemia. We investigated a panel of antimicrobial proteins and peptides (AMPs), potentially involved in mucosal immunity against this pathogen. Read More

Curr Med Mycol 2017 Dec;3(4):21-25

Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

Background And Purpose: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common problem in women. The purpose of this study was to identify isolates by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) from women with vulvovaginitis that were referred to Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran.

Materials And Methods: This study was conducted on 65 clinical samples isolated from women that were referred to Ghaem Hospital. Read More

Curr Med Mycol 2017 Dec;3(4):1-5

Department of Hematology, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.

Background And Purpose: Annually affecting millions of women, vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is commonly described by signs and symptoms of vulvovaginal inflammation in the presence of  species. Today, the detection of the virulence factors plays a major role in the understanding of pathogenesis of candidiasis and helps produce new anticandidial drugs to improve its treatment efficiency. Herein, we aimed to evaluate the esterase and hemolysin activities of the vaginal isolates of and their relationship with the presence of VVC. Read More

Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 2018 22;2018:7040498. Epub 2018 Feb 22.

Cidara Therapeutics, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA.

Background: While echinocandins demonstrate excellent efficacy against species in disseminated infections and demonstrate potent minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values under standard susceptibility testing conditions, investigation under conditions relevant to the vaginal environment was needed. We assessed the antifungal activity and time-kill kinetics of the novel echinocandin rezafungin (formerly CD101) under such conditions, against species relevant to vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC).

Methods: Susceptibility testing of fluconazole-susceptible and fluconazole-resistant , , , , and was performed in RPMI at pH 7. Read More

Assay Drug Dev Technol 2018 Apr;16(3):141-149

2 Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran, Iran .

The antifungal effects of 2-phenylethanol are clearly visible through its intervention in Candida morphogenesis. Chronic and recurrent vulvovaginitis, however, does not respond to this standard experimental therapy; therefore, the study presented in this article investigated the effect of common antifungal drugs (amphotericin B [AMB], fluconazole [FLU], and itraconazole [ITC]), in combination with 2-phenylethanol, on the Candida species isolated from cases of chronic and recurrent vulvovaginitis, thereby allowing the recommendation of a more appropriate treatment option. Forty isolates from patients with chronic and recurrent vaginal candidiasis were investigated in this experimental study. Read More

New Microbiol 2018 07 5;41(3):225-229. Epub 2018 Apr 5.

Microbiology, DIMES, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU), Ureaplasma parvum (UP), Mycoplasma hominis (MH) and Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) are the most common Mollicutes of the female genital tract. Although many studies have addressed their possible role in the vaginal ecosystem, many aspects remain to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the vaginal presence of ureaplasmas/mycoplasmas in women with different clinical conditions. Read More

Virusdisease 2018 Mar 25;29(1):106-108. Epub 2018 Jan 25.

2Centre for Animal Disease Research and Diagnosis, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243 122 India.

Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis/infectious pustular vulvovaginitis is one of the high economic importance diseases of cattle and caused by bovine herpesvirus1 (BoHV1). Based on the restriction endonuclease fingerprinting of viral DNA, the BoHV1 can be divided into three subtypes viz., BoHV1. Read More

J Low Genit Tract Dis 2018 Apr;22(2):139-146

University of Michigan, Department of Family Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI.

Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the association between cytokines/neurokines after in vitro stimulation with Candida antigen or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in blood samples among women with and without vulvodynia.

Materials And Methods: Women with vulvodynia and asymptomatic controls at three offices at the University of Michigan were examined clinically and completed a comprehensive survey in this cross-sectional study. Cytokine/neurokine levels were determined on blood samples using established ELISA protocols. Read More

Rev Iberoam Micol 2018 Apr - Jun;35(2):68-72. Epub 2018 Mar 12.

Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Electronic address:

Background: Biofilm is known to contribute to the antifungal resistance of Candida yeasts. Aureobasidin A (AbA), a cyclic depsipeptide targeting fungal sphingolipid biosynthesis, has been shown to be effective against several Candida species.

Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate Candida biofilm growth morphology, its biomass, metabolic activity, and to determine the effects of AbA on the biofilm growth. Read More

Med Mycol 2018 Apr;56(suppl_1):26-31

Departmentt. of Clinical Microbiology, G. Gennimatas General Hospital, 154 Avenue Mesogeion, 11527, Athens, Greece.

Vulvovaginal candidiasis is a common mucosal infection affecting a large proportion of women with some of them affected by recurrent often intractable forms of the disease. Thus, there is an increasing interest in understanding the pathogenesis of this disease. The aim of our work was to characterize, in animal models of vaginal candidiasis, the components of the host-fungus interaction at the mucosal level. Read More