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J Int Med Res 2021 May;49(5):3000605211013226

Medical Department, ITF Research Pharma S.L.U., Madrid, Spain.

Objective: To assess the efficacy, acceptability, and tolerability of a vaginal cream based on plant extracts for treating signs and symptoms of vulvovaginitis (VV) (Zelesse cream®), either as monotherapy (non-infectious VV) or adjuvant to antimicrobial therapy (infectious VV).

Methods: This prospective, observational, multicenter study included women who attended outpatient offices for VV. The severity of signs (vaginal discharge, erythema, and edema) and symptoms (pruritus, burning, and dysuria) was assessed before and after 15±5 days of daily treatment with Zelesse cream on a 4-point scale (18-point global score). Read More

Urologiia 2021 May(2):78-81

Ryazan State Medical University, Ryazan, Russia.

Aim: To suggest new method of surgical correction of hypospadias in girls.

Materials And Methods: For 50 years under our supervision there were 220 girls diagnosed with hypospadias of various forms. In the diagnosis used anamnesis, examination, catheterization and cystoscopy of the bladder, vaginoscopy, ultrasound and X-ray research methods. Read More

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2021 May 3. Epub 2021 May 3.

Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Isala Hospital, Dr. van Heesweg 2, 8025 AB, Zwolle, The Netherlands.

Vulvovaginitis is a common problem in the GP's practice. Causes are bacterial vaginosis (BV), Candida infection and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Only if empirical treatment fails, a vaginal swab is sent in for culture and BV detection. Read More

Front Med (Lausanne) 2021 7;8:649402. Epub 2021 Apr 7.

Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.

Vulvar pruritus is an unpleasant sensation and frequent symptom associated with many dermatologic conditions, including infectious, inflammatory and neoplastic dermatoses affecting the female genitalia. It can lead to serious impairment of quality of life, impacting sexual function, relationships, sleep and self-esteem. In this review, common conditions associated with vulvar itch are discussed including atopic and contact dermatitis, lichen sclerosus, psoriasis and infectious vulvovaginitis. Read More

Curr Med Res Opin 2021 May 13:1-11. Epub 2021 May 13.

Department of Pharmaceutical Health Outcomes and Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA.

Objectives: This study examined the incidence and predictors of antimuscarinic medication use including non-selective antimuscarinics among older adults with dementia and overactive bladder (OAB).

Methods: The study used a new-user cohort design involving older adults (≥65 years) with dementia and OAB based on 2013-2015 Medicare data. Antimuscarinics included non-selective (oxybutynin, tolterodine, trospium, fesoterodine) and selective (solifenacin, darifenacin) medications. Read More

Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021 24;11:648040. Epub 2021 Mar 24.

Department of Microbiology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of hosts, antimicrobial susceptibility, and molecular epidemiology of mucoid serotype 3 () isolated from children in China.

Method: isolates collected between January 2016 and December 2019 were analyzed. isolates with mucoid phenotype were selected visually, and serotype 3 isolates were confirmed by Quellung reaction. Read More

Antibiotics (Basel) 2021 Mar 17;10(3). Epub 2021 Mar 17.

Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt.

Probiotics can potentially prevent and treat diseases. We examined the inhibitory activity of bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (BLISs) from potentially probiotic lactobacilli and streptococci on and non- clinical isolates from women with vulvovaginitis. Using agar well diffusion assays, BLISs inhibited both and non- isolates. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2021 Apr;100(13):e25362

Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University.

Abstract: We investigated the vaginal flora diversity of preschool-aged (ie, 4-6-year-old) girls in southwest China.Fourteen preschool-aged girls were enrolled in this study. The statuses and differences in their vaginal flora were evaluated by Gram staining, bacterial culturing, and sequencing analysis. Read More

J Med Life 2021 Jan-Mar;14(1):111-117

Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.

Candidal vaginitis has a relatively high prevalence, and its resistance to treatment is on the rise. Considering the complications of chemical drugs, the use of herbal medicines has now been favored due to the lack of changes in the normal vaginal flora. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of and clotrimazole vaginal creams for the treatment of candidal vulvovaginitis. Read More

Khirurgiia (Mosk) 2021 (4):39-45

Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia.

Objective: To evaluate the long-term results of surgical correction of H-type fistula in girls with a normal anus.

Material And Methods: There were 7 patients with rectovestibular fistula and 3 patients with rectovaginal fistula with a normal anus were observed from 2014 to 2019 in the Surgical Department No. 1 of the Russian Children's Clinical Hospital. Read More

Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2021 Mar 6. Epub 2021 Mar 6.

Servicio de Microbiología y Parasitología Clínica, Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa, Zaragoza, España.

Mucosal Immunol 2021 05 17;14(3):776-777. Epub 2021 Mar 17.

ImmunoSurveillance Lab, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.

Mucosal Immunol 2021 05 17;14(3):774-775. Epub 2021 Mar 17.

Department of Oral and Craniofacial Biology, Louisiana State University Health School of Dentistry, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2021 Mar 13. Epub 2021 Mar 13.

Microbiology and Immunology Clinical Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Darcy Ribeiro Campus, Brasília, DF, 70900-910, Brazil.

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), considered the second cause of genital infection among women, has pathogenic mechanisms still to be elucidated and unknown risk factors. Prevalence studies with laboratory diagnosis (at first diagnosis and recurrence) are uncommon, especially using MALDI TOF, used in this clinical, epidemiological, and laboratory study for evaluating candidiasis, and identifying unknown risk factors. To obtain clinical and epidemiological data, patients were questioned, and there was material collection. Read More

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021 Mar 6. Epub 2021 Mar 6.

Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Binsheng Road, Hangzhou, 3333, Zhejiang Province, China.

As a cause of vulvovaginitis in prepubertal girls, Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes) is commonly isolated from vaginal introitus swabs. Studies have identified several risk factors, but have not focused on the correlation between ambient air pollutants and S. Read More

Med Hypotheses 2021 Mar 26;148:110515. Epub 2021 Jan 26.

Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, Delhi 110062, India. Electronic address:

The rampant emergence of Candida albicans in the vagina and its ability to thrive as a biofilm has outstood the prevalence of candidal vulvovaginitis (CVV), a gender-based fungal infection approximately affecting 75% of the global female population. The biofilm represents a multidimensional microbial population, which often dictates prominent caveats of CVV such as increased fungal virulence, drug resistance and infection relapse/recurrence. Additionally, the conjugated issues of the ineffectiveness of conventional antifungals (azoles), prolonged treatment durations, compromised patient compliance, economic and social burden, exacerbates CVV complications as well. Read More

Pediatr Int 2021 Feb 6. Epub 2021 Feb 6.

Dokuz Eylul University Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Izmir, Turkey.

Background: False negative or positive results may occur in urine dipstick test for leukocyte esterase (LE)which is used to determine urinary tract infection (UTI). We aimed to investigate the clinical importance of the presence or absence of pyuria in urine sediment for diagnosing UTI in the presence of positive LE in dipstick analysis.

Methods: The patients admitting to the pediatric nephrology outpatient clinic and having positive urine LE tests were grouped as those without pyuria (Group 1) and those with pyuria (Group 2) in urine sediment. Read More

Mycoses 2021 Jun 27;64(6):583-602. Epub 2021 Feb 27.

Deutsches Zentrum fuer Infektionen in Gynaekologie und Geburtshilfe, Wuppertal, Germany.

Approximately 70-75% of women will have vulvovaginal candidosis (VVC) at least once in their lifetime. In premenopausal, pregnant, asymptomatic and healthy women and women with acute VVC, Candida albicans is the predominant species. The diagnosis of VVC should be based on clinical symptoms and microscopic detection of pseudohyphae. Read More

J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2021 Jan 27. Epub 2021 Jan 27.

Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland. Electronic address:

Study Objective: We aim to show that there is a knowledge deficit among pediatric and general practitioner (GP) trainees in pediatric and adolescent gynecology (PAG) and that this has implications for increased morbidity in girls. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, INTERVENTIONS, AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: In October 2019 in a tertiary Irish pediatric hospital 50 junior doctors were approached (of a possible 66) and were surveyed in their knowledge of PAG with a written 21-question questionnaire incorporating 10 topics.

Results: Forty candidates participated (n = 31 pediatric and 9 GP). Read More

Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi 2021 Jan;56(1):15-18

Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021 01 5;18(1). Epub 2021 Jan 5.

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Krakow, Poland.

Objective: Female infections affecting the genital tract include sexually transmitted diseases, endogenous infections such as vulvovaginal candidiasis, bacterial vaginosis (BV) or aerobic vaginitis (AV) and healthcare-associated infections. The aim of the study was to analyze the etiological factors of the vaginal dysbacteriosis, and the antimicrobial susceptibility of the dominant bacterial and fungal infections in different age groups of outpatient women from the Silesian Region.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective laboratory-based multi-center study encompassed 4994 women of different ages in Silesian Voivodeship, in the south of Poland; patients who had vaginal swabs collected as per physicians' orders during the period from 1 January 2017 until 30 June 2018 were included in the study. Read More

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2021 Jan 16. Epub 2021 Jan 16.

Department of Pediatric Gynecology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, 100045, China.

The present study focused on the characteristics of the vaginal microbiomes in prepubertal girls with and without vulvovaginitis. We collected 24 vaginal samples and 16 fecal samples from 10 girls aged 3-9 years with vulvovaginitis and 16 healthy girls of the same age. The samples were divided into three groups: fecal swabs from healthy controls (HF), vaginal swabs from healthy controls (HVS), and vaginal swabs from girls with vulvovaginitis (VVS). Read More

PLoS One 2021 14;16(1):e0245243. Epub 2021 Jan 14.

Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland, United States of America.

The etiology of vulvar lichen sclerosus (LS) remains unclear; however, alterations in cutaneous and gut microbiota may be contributing to the pathogenesis of this inflammatory condition. To explore this hypothesis, we conducted a pilot case-control study, obtaining dermal swab and stool samples from prepubertal girls with vulvar LS (n = 5), girls with nonspecific vulvovaginitis (n = 5), and healthy controls (n = 3). Samples (n = 56) were subjected to total DNA extractions. Read More

Saudi J Biol Sci 2021 Jan 16;28(1):317-326. Epub 2020 Oct 16.

Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.

Candidal vulvovaginitis (CVV), is the second most leading vaginal infection (global prevalence > 75%), caused due to excessive growth of spp. predominantly (>95% cases). The current treatment regimens for CVV are marred with the challenges of fungal resistance & infection recurrence, subsequently leading to the compromised therapeutic efficacy of anti-fungal drugs, prolonged treatment and low patient compliance. Read More

Afr Health Sci 2020 Mar;20(1):51-58

Department of Microbiology, University of Port Harcourt, P.M.B. 5323, Choba, Nigeria.

Background: Vaginitis, an infection of the lower genital tract in women, is known to be triggered by the overgrowth of the vagina's naturally occurring microorganisms.

Objective: This study looked at the prevalence of spp. and age-related disparities amongst women presenting with vaginitis at the Obstetrics and Gynaecology (O&G) clinic in a tertiary hospital in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Read More

Aust Prescr 2020 12 1;43(6):195-199. Epub 2020 Dec 1.

Vulvovaginitis is a commonly encountered problem in general practice. It usually presents with irritation and vaginal discharge A thorough examination is essential in order not to miss the less common causes. Investigations may be needed to confirm the diagnosis Candidiasis and bacterial vaginosis are the most common causes. Read More

Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2020 Oct;45(20):4991-4996

School of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine Hefei 230012, China Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine Hefei 230012, China Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine Hefei 230012, China.

To investigate the effect of butyl alcohol extract of Baitouweng Decoction(BAEB) on the epithelial barrier of vaginal mucosa in mice with vulvovaginal candidiasis(VVC). Seventy-two female SPF Kunming mice were randomly divided into blank group, VVC model group, fluconazole group, and BAEB treatment groups(high, middle and low dose groups). Estradiol benzoate was injected subcutaneously qd alt, and Candida albicans(2×10~6 CFU·mL~(-1)) was inoculated into the vagina of mice during the pseudo estrus period for 7 days to construct a VVC model, followed by drug treatment for 7 days. Read More

J Virol Methods 2021 03 10;289:114041. Epub 2020 Dec 10.

Institute of Virology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland.

As the causative agent of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) and Infectious Pustular Vulvovaginitis/Balanoposthitis (IPV/IPB), Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) is responsible for high economic losses in the cattle industry worldwide. This study aimed to establish a fast, colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for the detection of viral DNA. Phenol red is used as pH-sensitive readout, relying on a distinct color change from pink to yellow in case of a positive reaction. Read More

PLoS One 2020 11;15(12):e0243197. Epub 2020 Dec 11.

Medical Mycology Laboratory, Clinical Analyzes and Biomedicine Department, State University of Maringa, Maringa, PR, Brazil.

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common vaginitis that affects women, especially in childbearing age, caused by Candida albicans in almost 80% of cases. Considering the limited drug arsenal available and the increasing fungal resistance profile, the search for new therapeutic sources with low toxicity and easy administration should be supported. Propolis has been used as a traditional medicine for multiple diseases, considering its particular composition and pharmaceutical properties that permits its wide applicability; it has also emerged as a potential antifungal agent. Read More

Biomed Res Int 2020 26;2020:7042490. Epub 2020 Nov 26.

Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia.

The incidence of diabetes mellitus has increased in Saudi Arabia, which has raised the risk of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). This study highlights the prevalence and antifungal susceptibility of species among postmenopausal women with diabetes with symptoms of VVC in Taif, a city in Saudi Arabia. Several diagnostic tools were used to differentiate the yeast isolates, including microscopic examination, culture morphology on CHROM agar, further confirmation with the VITEK 2 system, and ITS1 and ITS4 region sequencing. Read More