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J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2020 Jul 7. Epub 2020 Jul 7.

Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.

Background Congenital hyperinsulinism (CH) is the most frequent cause of persistent hypoglycemia in the newborn. Octreotide, a long-acting somatostatin receptor analog (SSRA), is a second line treatment for diazoxide unresponsive CH patients. Although it has been found to be a safe and effective treatment, long-term benefits and side effects, have not been thoroughly evaluated. Read More

Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2020 Jun;24(12):7077-7082

Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.

Objective: ApoE alleles have been shown to significantly correlate with vitamin K status, however, data concerning this phenomenon in cystic fibrosis (CF) are scarce. This study aimed to investigate the effect of ApoE polymorphism on vitamin K status in a unique group of CF patients who had never received vitamin K supplementation.

Patients And Methods: The study group consisted of 93 CF patients aged from 3 months to 32 years. Read More

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2020 ;66(3):278-284

Faculty of Nutrition, Kobe Gakuin University.

We have previously reported that patients with severe motor and intellectual disabilities (SMID) have a high prevalence of vitamin K deficiency both in the liver and bone. Thus, vitamin K therapy for SMID patients should be considered. In the present study, we have studied the efficacy of nutritional therapy with vitamin K for improving their vitamin K status and bone metabolism markers in patients with SMID. Read More

Nutrients 2020 Jun 27;12(7). Epub 2020 Jun 27.

Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Practice for Involutional Diseases, Nagano 3998101, Japan.

Vitamin K is essential for blood coagulation and plays an important role in extrahepatic metabolism, such as in bone and blood vessels, and in energy metabolism. This review discusses the assessment of vitamin K sufficiency and the role of vitamin K in bone health. To elucidate the exact role of vitamin K in other organs, accurate tools for assessing vitamin K deficiency or insufficiency are crucial. Read More

Eur J Hosp Pharm 2020 Jun 17. Epub 2020 Jun 17.

Dongyang People's Hospital, Dongyang, Zhejiang, China.

Haematologic side effects associated with piperacillin/tazobactam (PTZ) treatment are rare but can be fatal. The exact mechanism by which PTZ causes haemorrhages has not been determined. We report the case of a patient who received PTZ treatment and developed a coagulopathy through a vitamin K-dependent mechanism. Read More

Nutrients 2020 Jun 14;12(6). Epub 2020 Jun 14.

Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Metabolic Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Szpitalna Street 27/33, 60-572 Poznan, Poland.

This is the first study to evaluate vitamin K status in relation to dietary intake and phenylalanine dietary compliance in patients with phenylketonuria (PKU). The dietary and PKU formula intake of vitamin K was calculated in 34 PKU patients, with vitamin K status determined by the measurement of prothrombin induced by vitamin K absence (PIVKA-II). Blood phenylalanine concentrations in the preceding 12 months were considered. Read More

Pediatr Blood Cancer 2020 Jun 3:e28366. Epub 2020 Jun 3.

Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.

Nutrients 2020 May 30;12(6). Epub 2020 May 30.

Nephrology, Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients have a higher risk of cardiovascular (CVD) morbidity and mortality compared to the general population. The links between CKD and CVD are not fully elucidated but encompass both traditional and uremic-related risk factors. The term CKD-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) indicates a systemic disorder characterized by abnormal levels of calcium, phosphate, PTH and FGF-23, along with vitamin D deficiency, decreased bone mineral density or altered bone turnover and vascular calcification. Read More

Molecules 2020 May 28;25(11). Epub 2020 May 28.

Department of Chemistry, University "Aldo Moro", Bari Via E. Orabona, 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy.

The absence of vitamin E from the diet can lead to cardiovascular disease, cancer, cataracts, and premature aging. Vitamin K deficiency can lead to bleeding disorders. These fat-soluble vitamins are important nutritional factors that can be determined in different methods in vegetables. Read More

Toxins (Basel) 2020 May 27;12(6). Epub 2020 May 27.

Department of Microbiology Immunology and Transplantation, Nephrology and Renal Transplantation Research Group, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.

Gut microbial metabolism is not only an important source of uremic toxins but may also help to maintain the vitamin K stores of the host. We hypothesized that sevelamer therapy, a commonly used phosphate binder in patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), associates with a disturbed gut microbial metabolism. Important representatives of gut-derived uremic toxins, including indoxyl sulfate (IndS), p-Cresyl sulfate (pCS), trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), phenylacetylglutamine (PAG) and non-phosphorylated, uncarboxylated matrix-Gla protein (dp-ucMGP; a marker of vitamin K status), were analyzed in blood samples from 423 patients (65% males, median age 54 years) with ESKD. Read More

Wien Klin Wochenschr 2020 Jun 28;132(11-12):322-331. Epub 2020 May 28.

Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036, Graz, Austria.

Pediatr Infect Dis J 2020 May 21. Epub 2020 May 21.

From the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid.

An 8-month-old child under tuberculosis treatment presented with multiple ecchymotic lesions. A severe coagulopathy was evidenced compatible with vitamin K deficiency [II (3%), VII (2%), IX (3%) and X (1%)]. It was reversed with vitamin K and plasma administration. Read More

J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2020 May 19. Epub 2020 May 19.

Departments of Child Health.

We report a probable case of abetalipoproteinemia in an infant who presented with unusual symptoms of late-onset vitamin K deficiency. Abetalipoproteinemia is a rare autosomal recessive disease caused by mutation of the microsomal triglyceride transfer protein gene, resulting in the absence of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein function in the small bowel. It is characterized by the absence of plasma apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins, fat malabsorption, hypocholesterolemia, retinitis pigmentosa, progressive neuropathy, myopathy, and acanthocytosis. Read More

J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2020 May 12. Epub 2020 May 12.

Institute of Experimental Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Clinic Bonn AöR, Bonn, Germany.

We present a family who suffered recurrent sibling losses due to vitamin K deficiency bleed. The index child was asymptomatic at presentation, had normal clinical examination, and was investigated for coagulation disorders in view of previous 3 sibling losses as a result of intracranial hemorrhage. His investigations showed deranged coagulogram and clotting factors' assay. Read More

Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2020 Mar-Apr;31(2):545-548

Department of Nephrology, Rajagiri Hospital, Aluva, Cochin, Kerala, India.

Coagulopathy in the nephrotic syndrome (NS) is very rare. Simultaneous prolongation of both prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time suggests common coagulation pathway abnormality such as liver dysfunction, Vitamin K deficiency, disseminated intravascular coagulation, or primary fibrinolysis. This results in difficulty in proceeding with renal biopsy and tissue diagnosis. Read More

Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2020 Feb;47(2):352-354

Dept. of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kansai Medical University Medical Center.

A 70-year-old man underwent a colonoscopy and enhanced CT for scrutiny of his anemia. These examinations revealed rectal cancer(cT4b[rectal mesenteric infiltration], N3M0, cStage Ⅲc). We introduced neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC) (cetuximab plus oxaliplatin plus S-1, 4 courses)for this patient and diagnosed ycStage Ⅲc(ycT4bN3M0)after the therapy. Read More

J Physiol Anthropol 2020 Apr 10;39(1). Epub 2020 Apr 10.

Department of Public Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.

Background: An increase in serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin concentrations suggests vitamin K deficiency. Clinical intervention studies suggested that the vitamin K supplementation might contribute to preventing bone loss in postmenopausal women. Evidence on the relationship between serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) levels and bone parameters of quantitative ultrasound (QUS) is limited. Read More

J Clin Pharm Ther 2020 Aug 24;45(4):815-818. Epub 2020 Mar 24.

Division of Pharmacy, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba-shi, Japan.

What Is Known And Objective: Vitamin K deficiency is known to cause impaired coagulation. We report a case of marked prolongation of the prothrombin time-international normalized ratio (PT-INR) associated with warfarin and vitamin K deficiency caused by endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD).

Case Presentation: Oral administration of warfarin was initiated in a 67-year-old man after left hemihepatectomy. Read More

Nutrients 2020 Mar 16;12(3). Epub 2020 Mar 16.

Kitakyushu Yahata Higashi Hospital, Kitakyushu 805-0061, Japan.

Vitamin K is essential for the synthesis of few coagulation factors. Infants can easily develop vitamin K deficiency owing to poor placental transfer, low vitamin K content in breast milk, and poor intestinal absorption due to immature gut flora and malabsorption. Vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB) in infancy is classified according to the time of presentation: early (within 24 h), classic (within 1 week after birth), and late (between 2 week and 6 months of age). Read More

Nutrients 2020 Feb 23;12(2). Epub 2020 Feb 23.

Department of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Molecular Medicine, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-85858, Japan.

Vitamin K is a fat-soluble vitamin that is indispensable for the activation of vitamin K-dependent proteins (VKDPs) and may be implicated in cardiovascular disease (CVD). Vascular calcification is intimately associated with CV events and mortality and is a chronic inflammatory process in which activated macrophages promote osteoblastic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) through the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and oncostatin M (OSM) in both intimal and medial layers of arterial walls. This process may be mainly mediated through NF-κB signaling pathway. Read More

BMC Pediatr 2020 Feb 21;20(1):82. Epub 2020 Feb 21.

Department of Child Health, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital/Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.

Background: Bleeding as an adverse event following immunization (AEFI) that is rarely reported in children, although it can be a parental concern. Bleeding episodes ranging in severity from mild to severe and defined as any external and/or internal bleeding can be caused by acquired or hereditary disorders. This study analyzes whether bleeding episodes in children that were recorded as AEFIs are causally associated with immunization and elaborates their etiology. Read More

Am J Emerg Med 2020 Jun 30;38(6):1226-1232. Epub 2020 Jan 30.

The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Department of Emergency Medicine, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, United States.

Background: Coagulation panels are ordered for a variety of conditions in the emergency department (ED).

Objective: This narrative review evaluates specific conditions for which a coagulation panel is commonly ordered but has limited utility in medical decision-making.

Discussion: Coagulation panels consist of partial thromboplastin time (PTT) or activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), prothrombin time (PT), and international normalized ratio (INR). Read More

Hosp Pediatr 2020 Mar 4;10(3):286-294. Epub 2020 Feb 4.

Department of Pediatrics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.

In 2019, the American Academy of Pediatrics made public education about intramuscular vitamin K administration at birth a public health priority, partly in response to reports of refusal of intramuscular vitamin K by parents of newborns that led to vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB). We reviewed the literature on the frequency of, reported reasons for, and factors associated with refusal of intramuscular vitamin K, incidence of VKDB in newborns who did not receive intramuscular vitamin K, and use of oral vitamin K to prevent VKDB. Without prophylaxis, estimates of the incidence per 100 000 births of VKDB range from 250 to 1700 for early VKDB and from 10. Read More

Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2020 Apr;31(3):233-236

Department of Pediatrics, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan.

: We aimed to determine the presence of seasonal and meteorological associations of the activity of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors to explain the seasonal variation in vitamin K deficiency-related bleeding. Seasonal and monthly changes in Normotest values in 1759 healthy 1-month-old infants were retrospectively accessed, and the impact of meteorological parameters on Normotest values was analyzed. Normotest values peaked in winter and were the lowest in summer, with statistically significant differences among the seasonal values (P < 0. Read More

J Osteoporos 2019 31;2019:2069176. Epub 2019 Dec 31.

Internal Medicine, Bone Disease Department, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Av. de los Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain.

Although known for its importance in the coagulation cascade, vitamin K has other functions. It is an essential vitamin for bone health, taking part in the carboxylation of many bone-related proteins, regulating genetic transcription of osteoblastic markers, and regulating bone reabsorption. Vitamin K deficiency is not uncommon, as deposits are scarce and dependent upon dietary supplementation and absorption. Read More

Gut Microbes 2020 Jul 19;11(4):820-841. Epub 2020 Jan 19.

Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA, USA.

Infection with causes chronic inflammation and is a risk factor for gastric cancer. Antibiotic treatment or increased dietary folate prevents gastric carcinogenesis in male INS-GAS mice. To determine potential synergistic effects, -infected male INS-GAS mice were fed an amino acid defined (AAD) diet with increased folate and were treated with antibiotics after 18 weeks of infection. Read More

Nutrients 2020 Jan 3;12(1). Epub 2020 Jan 3.

Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal.

Vitamin K health benefits have been recently widely shown to extend beyond blood homeostasis and implicated in chronic low-grade inflammatory diseases such as cardiovascular disease, osteoarthritis, dementia, cognitive impairment, mobility disability, and frailty. Novel and more efficient nutritional and therapeutic options are urgently needed to lower the burden and the associated health care costs of these age-related diseases. Naturally occurring vitamin K comprise the phylloquinone (vitamin K1), and a series of menaquinones broadly designated as vitamin K2 that differ in source, absorption rates, tissue distribution, bioavailability, and target activity. Read More

Hosp Pediatr 2020 Feb 6;10(2):153-158. Epub 2020 Jan 6.

Department of Pediatrics, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California.

Objectives: The majority of newborns in the United States receive intramuscular (IM) vitamin K for prophylaxis against vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB). Oral vitamin K is less effective than IM vitamin K in preventing VKDB but is widely used in Europe and by some in the United States when parents refuse IM vitamin K for their newborn. Our aim was to assess the practices, opinions, and knowledge of newborn clinicians regarding oral vitamin K prophylaxis when parents refuse IM vitamin K. Read More

Indian Pediatr 2019 12;56(12):1068

Department of Pediatrics, AIIMS, New Delhi, India.

Indian Pediatr 2019 12;56(12):1067

Department of Pediatrics, AIIMS, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India.

Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2019 Dec 26. Epub 2019 Dec 26.

WWAMI Medical Education Program and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Drive, Moscow, ID, 83844-3051, USA. Electronic address:

Symptomatic coagulopathies in celiac disease (CD) are rare. Here, we report a profound case of coagulopathy in a celiac. A 66-year old female without liver disease or anti-coagulation therapy presented with multiple ecchymoses, guaiac positive melanic stool, and a recent 4. Read More

J Clin Pathol 2020 Feb 20;73(2):70-75. Epub 2019 Dec 20.

Nutristasis Unit, Viapath, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK

Vitamin K is required for the ɣ-carboxylation of specific glutamic acid residues within the Gla domain of the 17 vitamin K-dependent proteins (VKDPs). The timely detection and correction of vitamin K deficiency can protect against bleeding. Vitamin K also plays a role in bone metabolism and vascular calcification. Read More

J Nephrol 2020 Apr 19;33(2):239-249. Epub 2019 Dec 19.

Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, 622 West 168th Street, PH2-124, New York City, NY, 10032, USA.

Vitamin K is a cofactor for the function of the enzyme γ-glutamyl carboxylase, necessary for the activation of multiple vitamin K dependent-proteins. Vitamin K dependent-proteins (VKDPs) have important roles in bone health, vascular health, metabolism, reproduction as well as in cancer progression. Vitamin K deficiency is common in different conditions, including kidney disease, and it may influence the activity of VKDPs. Read More

Biochem Med (Zagreb) 2020 Feb 15;30(1):011002. Epub 2019 Dec 15.

Department of transfusion medicine, General Hospital Pula, Pula, Croatia.

Rejection of the sample with repeated blood withdrawal is always an unwanted consequence of sample nonconformity and preanalytical errors, especially in the most vulnerable population - children. Here is presented a case with unexpected abnormal coagulation test results in a 2-year-old child with no previously documented coagulation disorder. Child is planned for tympanostomy tubes removal under the anaesthesia driven procedure, and preoperative coagulation tests revealed prolonged prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time and thrombin time, with fibrinogen and antithrombin within reference intervals. Read More

Clin Chim Acta 2020 Mar 11;502:66-72. Epub 2019 Dec 11.

Ambroise Paré University Hospital, Nephrology Division, APHP, UVSQ, France; INSERM U1018 Eq5, UVSQ, University Paris Saclay, Villejuif, France. Electronic address:

Vitamin K is a key cofactor for the activation of proteins involved in blood coagulation, apoptosis, bone mineralization regulation, and vessel health. Scientific evidence shows an important role of activated osteocalcin and matrix-Gla protein in bone and vessels, markedly affected along the course of chronic kidney disease (CKD). In fact, CKD corresponds to an unique condition of vitamin K deficiency caused by dietary restriction, intestinal dysfunction, and impaired vitamin K recycling. Read More

Adv Chronic Kidney Dis 2019 11;26(6):437-444

Nephrology Dialysis and Renal Transplant Unit, Department of Experimental Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), S. Orsola Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

Vascular calcification (VC) is common in advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD), contributes to cardiovascular disease (CVD), and associates with increased mortality. Major risk factors for VC in CKD are increasing age, dialysis vintage, and positive net calcium-phosphate balance. To date, no specific therapy that prevents progression or facilitates regression of VC beyond careful attention to calcium and phosphate balance exists. Read More

Nihon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi 2019 ;116(12):1022-1029

Digestive disease Center, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto Katsura Hospital.

This case involves a 73-year-old man who visited a clinic because he was experiencing dyspnea on exertion and acid reflux. He was diagnosed with anemia and referred for a medical check-up and treatment by his primary care physician. Iron deficiency anemia and prolonged prothrombin time were confirmed with a blood test and an abdominal enhanced CT revealed marked expansion of the afferent loop after a gastrectomy. Read More

J Am Soc Nephrol 2020 01 8;31(1):186-196. Epub 2019 Nov 8.

Division of Nephrology, University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.

Background: Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs), although commonly used to reduce thromboembolic risk in atrial fibrillation, have been incriminated as probable cause of accelerated vascular calcification (VC) in patients on hemodialysis. Functional vitamin K deficiency may further contribute to their susceptibility for VC. We investigated the effect of vitamin K status on VC progression in 132 patients on hemodialysis with atrial fibrillation treated with VKAs or qualifying for anticoagulation. Read More

J Clin Lab Anal 2020 Feb 6;34(2):e23071. Epub 2019 Nov 6.

Department of Medical Administration, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China.

Background: Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) has received extensive attention in the differential diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), especially for AFP-negative HCC (AFP-NHCC). The current study aimed to explore the value of targeted regulation of LHPP expression-related microRNAs (miRs) and protein induced by vitamin K deficiency or antagonist-II (PIVKA-II) in the differential diagnosis of AFP-NHCC.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on a testing set-including 214 AFP-NHCC patients, 200 cirrhosis, and 210 controls, and a validation set-including 140 AFP-NHCC patients, 134 cirrhosis, and 128 controls recruited from The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University. Read More

Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2019 Oct 8;3(4):749-757. Epub 2019 Sep 8.

Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Campinas Campinas SP Brazil.

Background: A prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) of unknown cause is one of the most frequent reasons why outpatients are referred for hemostasis consultation. Nevertheless, very few data are available on the relative contribution of individual causes of this common clinical scenario. Here, we present a systematic evaluation of all causes of APTT prolongation in a consecutive population of outpatients referred for specialized hemostasis consultation during a 14-year period. Read More

Andrologia 2019 Nov 1;51(10):e13416. Epub 2019 Oct 1.

Department of Anatomic & Molecular Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.

Vitamin K is present in the testes though its actual function in male reproduction is poorly understood. This study investigated the harmful effect of extrahepatic vitamin K insufficiency on the testicular structure. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with a diet containing warfarin for 2, 4 and 8 weeks; control animals received a standard diet without warfarin. Read More

Curr Opin Pulm Med 2019 11;25(6):660-665

Centre de Référence Maladie Rare, Mucoviscidose et maladies du CFTR, Site Constitutif Pediatrique, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades.

Purpose Of Review: The increased life span of patients with cystic fibrosis has lead to the detection of new complications. Osteopenia is present in up to 50% of adult patients with cystic fibrosis, and osteoporosis in 10-34% and can cause a difficult management problem.

Recent Findings: In children, defects in bone health become apparent generally at adolescence because of suboptimall bone peak mass achievement. Read More

Arch Dis Child 2020 May 13;105(5):433-438. Epub 2019 Sep 13.

Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

Objective: To undertake surveillance of vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB) in Australia from 1993 to 2017, during a time of change to national recommendations and available vitamin K formulations.

Methods: Paediatricians reported cases of VKDB in infants aged <6 months and provided demographic, clinical and biochemical information via the Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit.

Results: 58 cases were reported, of which 5 (9%) were early, 11 (19%) classic and 42 (72%) late VKDB. Read More

Acta Paediatr 2019 11 10;108(11):1936-1937. Epub 2019 Sep 10.

North Tyneside General Hospital, North Shields, UK.

Nutrients 2019 Sep 3;11(9). Epub 2019 Sep 3.

USC 1233 RS2GP, INRA, VetAgro Sup, University of Lyon, F-69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France.

Vitamin K is crucial for many physiological processes such as coagulation, energy metabolism, and arterial calcification prevention due to its involvement in the activation of several vitamin K-dependent proteins. During this activation, vitamin K is converted into vitamin K epoxide, which must be re-reduced by the VKORC1 enzyme. Various mutations have been described in humans. Read More

Am J Med Case Rep 2019 11;7(8):167-169. Epub 2019 Jul 11.

Department of Internal Medicine, Kings County Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA.

Dietary Vitamin K is a well-known anti-hemorrhagic agent that plays an integral role in the coagulation pathway. Vitamin K is involved in synthesis of coagulation factors; II, VII, IX and factor X. Vitamin K deficiency leads to bleeding diathesis. Read More

Klin Padiatr 2019 11 27;231(6):294-296. Epub 2019 Aug 27.

Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Children's Hospital, Dresden, Germany.