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Transbound Emerg Dis 2019 Feb 10. Epub 2019 Feb 10.

Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.

Under-reporting of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) masks the true prevalence in parts of the world where the disease is endemic. Laboratory testing for the detection of FMD virus (FMDV) is usually reliant upon the collection of vesicular epithelium and fluid samples that can only be collected from acutely infected animals, and therefore animals with sub-clinical infection may not be identified. Milk is a non-invasive sample type routinely collected from dairy farms that has been utilised for surveillance of a number of other diseases. Read More

J Vet Res 2018 Dec 31;62(4):431-437. Epub 2018 Dec 31.

State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, Gansu, China.

Introduction: The extremely high genetic variation and the continuously emerging variants of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) of Southern African Territory (SAT) serotypes including SAT1, SAT2, and SAT3 make it necessary to develop a new RT-PCR for general use for monitoring viruses based on the updated genome information.

Material And Methods: A FMDV SAT-D8 one-step RT-PCR was established based on the 1D2A2B genes of the SAT serotype viruses with a multiplex primer set. FMDV A, O, C, and Asia 1 serotypes, other vesicular disease viruses, inactivated SAT viruses, and 125 bovine, ovine, caprine and porcine tissue samples collected from the Chinese mainland were included for evaluating the assay. Read More

J Virol 2019 Feb 6. Epub 2019 Feb 6.

State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China

Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is the causative agent of foot-and-mouth disease. It is well-characterized by the genetic instability and different antigenic properties. The nonstructural protein, 3A, is a primary determinant of viral tropism and virulence of Cathay topotype FMDVs. Read More

Transbound Emerg Dis 2019 Feb 1. Epub 2019 Feb 1.

Department of Microbiology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Transbound Emerg Dis 2019 Feb 1. Epub 2019 Feb 1.

State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, National Foot and Mouth Diseases Reference Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.

Vet Q 2018 Dec;38(1):88-98

e Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary medicine , King Faisal University , Saudi Arabia.

Background: Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is a highly contagious viral infection of large ruminants. Despite the massive application of vaccines against FMDV, several outbreaks are still being reported in Africa and Asia.

Aim: To perform molecular characterization of FMDV in an outbreak among a cattle herd Saudi Arabia in 2016. Read More

J Virol Methods 2019 Jan 28;266:58-64. Epub 2019 Jan 28.

College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China. Electronic address:

Mixed infections with different pathogens are common in sheep and goats under intensive production conditions. Quick and accurate detection and differentiation of different pathogens is necessary for epidemiological surveillance, disease management and import and export controls. Multiplex TaqMan qPCR protocols were developed and subsequently evaluated as effective tools in simultaneously detecting single and mixed infections in sheep and goats. Read More

Data Brief 2019 Feb 23;22:643-646. Epub 2018 Dec 23.

TETIS, Univ. of Montpellier, AgroParisTech, Cirad, CNRS, Irstea, Montpellier, France.

Monitoring animal health worldwide, especially the early detection of outbreaks of emerging pathogens, is one of the means of preventing the introduction of infectious diseases in countries (Collier et al., 2008) [3]. In this context, we developed PADI-web, a Platform for Automated extraction of animal Disease Information from the Web (Arsevska et al. Read More

Prev Vet Med 2019 Feb 15;163:37-43. Epub 2018 Dec 15.

Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, IC2 Building, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L3 5RF, UK.

In 2015, the OIE and FAO launched a global eradication programme for Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR). Vaccination is a major component of this strategy yet the costs of implementing a campaign are unknown or based on assumptions without field-based verification necessary for effective economic planning. This study used experiences of attending four PPR vaccination campaigns in Ethiopia to estimate various cost components in pastoral and mixed-crop livestock systems. Read More

PLoS Pathog 2019 Jan 18;15(1):e1007509. Epub 2019 Jan 18.

DTU National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Lindholm, Kalvehave, Denmark.

Many picornaviruses cause important diseases in humans and other animals including poliovirus, rhinoviruses (causing the common cold) and foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). These small, non-enveloped viruses comprise a positive-stranded RNA genome (ca. 7-9 kb) enclosed within a protein shell composed of 60 copies of three or four different capsid proteins. Read More

PeerJ 2019 14;6:e6185. Epub 2019 Jan 14.

State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.

Several studies have shown that epitope vaccines exhibit substantial advantages over conventional vaccines. However, epitope vaccines are associated with limited immunity, which can be overcome by conjugating antigenic epitopes with built-in adjuvants (e.g. Read More

Arch Argent Pediatr 2019 02;117(1):e59-e62

Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Juan Ramón Jiménez, Huelva. España.

Hand-foot-mouth disease can present atypically, including forms with more numerous lesions and/or morphologically different from the classic presentation. It may even mimic other viral diseases. We present the case of a 2-year-old child previously diagnosed with atopic dermatitis, who presented with papules and umbilicated vesicles affecting the perioral area and limbs, predominantly in pressure areas, as well as in areas with previous atopic lesions. Read More

Cell Discov 2019 15;5. Epub 2019 Jan 15.

2CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology & Immunology, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.

Coxsackievirus A10 (CV-A10) belongs to the species A and is a causative agent of hand, foot, and mouth disease. Here we present cryo-EM structures of CV-A10 mature virion and native empty particle (NEP) at 2.84 and 3. Read More

Vet Microbiol 2019 Feb 26;229:124-129. Epub 2018 Dec 26.

Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon City, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an acute infectious disease occurring in cloven-hoofed animals. There are many variations of the virus, making it difficult to protect against the various strains with one virus vaccine. The immunogenicity has generally been evaluated in pigs using neutralizing antibodies to determine the protection level against foot-and-mouth disease virus type O. Read More

Prev Vet Med 2019 Jan 29;162:110-116. Epub 2018 Nov 29.

Animal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Hanoi, Vietnam.

Pigs in Lao People's Democratic Republic are important for income and food security, particularly in rural households. The majority of pigs are reared in smallholder systems, which may challenge the implementation of any disease control strategies. To investigate risk factors for pig production diseases in such farming systems in the country a serological survey was conducted during 2011. Read More

BMC Vet Res 2019 Jan 7;15(1):13. Epub 2019 Jan 7.

State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Lanzhou, 730046, China.

Background: Contagious ecthyma (CE) appears in the countries and regions containing goat and sheep farms, and it is considered a global epidemic. CE not only severely endangers the healthy development of the sheep and goat industries but also threatens human health. For viral infectious diseases, fast and effective isolation and culture of the pathogen is critical for CE diagnosis, and for disease prevention and control. Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2019 Jan 7;19(1):19. Epub 2019 Jan 7.

Institute of Endemic Diseases of School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Xi'an Jiaotong University, No.76, YanTa West RD, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China.

Background: Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is an infectious disease caused by enteroviruses that has a severely impair for those high incidence countries such as China.The current study aimed to investigate the epidemic pattern of HFMD by time and region in Northwestern China.

Methods: All reported HFMD cases from 2008 to 2015 were collected from local Disease Control and Prevention. Read More

Virus Res 2019 Jan 3;263:55-63. Epub 2019 Jan 3.

Department of Microbiological Laboratory Technology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012 Shandong Province, China; Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases (Key Laboratory of China's "13th Five-Year", Shandong University), China. Electronic address:

Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is known for its manifestation as hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD), which has caused countless large-scale epidemic outbreaks throughout the world. However, the molecular pathogenesis of EV-A71 infection is still elusive. Previous studies found that the biological characteristics of a mild EV-A71 strain (SDLY1) and a severe EV-A71 strain (SDLY107) are significantly different, and sequence analysis showed that there are several differences in nucleotide sites of UTRs (88 nt, 123 nt, 143 nt, 154 nt, 187 nt, 241 nt, 243 nt, 253 nt, 291 nt, 438 nt, 440 nt, 571 nt, 579 nt, 602 nt, 658 nt, 664 nt, 690 nt, 696 nt, 7328 nt, 7335 nt, 7367 nt, and 7395 nt). Read More

Vet Microbiol 2019 Jan 20;228:93-100. Epub 2018 Nov 20.

The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States.

Vampire bat-transmitted human rabies was first recognized in Trinidad during a major outbreak during the first half of the 20th century. To date, Trinidad is the only Caribbean island with vampire bat-transmitted rabies. Herein, we summarized the epidemiological situation of rabies in Trinidad during the period 1971-2015 through the analysis of field and laboratory records. Read More

Viruses 2018 Dec 26;11(1). Epub 2018 Dec 26.

CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.

Enterovirus A71 (EVA71) is a human enterovirus belonging to the Picornaviridae family and mostly causes hand-foot-and-mouth disease in infants. Viperin is an important interferon-stimulated gene with a broad antiviral activity against various viruses. However, the effect of viperin on human enteroviruses and the interaction mechanism between EVA71 and viperin remains elusive. Read More

Microb Pathog 2018 Dec 21;128:106-111. Epub 2018 Dec 21.

Center Laboratory, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China. Electronic address:

As one of the major causative agents of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), enterovirus 71 (EV71) is a small, non-enveloped positive stranded RNA virus. Children suffering EV71 infection may cause severe symptoms including neurological complications, pulmonary edema and aseptic meningitis. EV71 is a neurotropic virus and it can cause the damage of nervous cells, cytokine storm and toxic substance. Read More

Sci Total Environ 2019 Mar 2;658:116-121. Epub 2018 Dec 2.

Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Hefei, Anhui 230032, China. Electronic address:

Background: Sulfur dioxide (SO) is an important component of air pollution, adversely impacting human health worldwide. This study aimed to examine the association between short-term exposure to SO and childhood hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in Hefei, China.

Methods: A Poisson generalized additive model (GAM) combining the time-series regression analyses was used to fit the SO-HFMD association. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 Dec;97(51):e13144

Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, People's Republic of China.

There are no specific treatment drugs and vaccine for Hand Foot and Mouth Disease (HFMD). Taking effective preventive measures is particularly important for control of HFMD infection. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of intervention of intensive education on hand hygiene on HFMD. Read More

Int J Gen Med 2018 28;11:451-456. Epub 2018 Nov 28.

Reckitt Benckiser Healthcare International Ltd, Slough, Berkshire, UK,

Purpose: Pharyngitis is commonly caused by a self-limiting upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) and symptoms typically include sore throat. Antibiotics are often inappropriately used for the treatment of pharyngitis, which can contribute to antimicrobial resistance, therefore non-antibiotic treatments which have broad antiseptic effects may be more appropriate. Amylmetacresol (AMC) and 2,4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol (DCBA) are present in some antiseptic lozenges and have established benefits in providing symptomatic relief and some in vitro antiviral action. Read More

Poult Sci 2018 Dec 19. Epub 2018 Dec 19.

College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Taían, Shandong, China.

Newcastle disease virus (NDV)-attenuated vaccine has been widely used to prevent ND in poultry flocks, while many reports also mentioned the exogenous virus contamination in attenuated vaccines, which might be the reason for the widespread of some contagious diseases. Recently, the chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) contamination in the NDV-attenuated vaccine was also found in China, though no systemic study has studied the pathogenicity or infection mechanism of this special transmission route. Accordingly, simulation experiments were launched using CIAV isolated from a contaminated NDV-attenuated vaccine. Read More

JAMA 2018 12;320(23):2492

Niger J Clin Pract 2018 Dec;21(12):1674-1677

Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology/Biology, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria.

Squamous papillomas are common lesions of the oral mucosa. They are benign proliferating lesions often painless, slow growing and with a cauliflower appearance. However, its clinical appearance which sometimes mimics exophytic carcinoma, verrucous carcinoma or condyloma acuminatum raises concern when it occurs in the oral cavity. Read More

Virol Sin 2018 Dec 14. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is one of the main pathogens that causes hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD). HFMD caused by EV71 infection is mostly self-limited; however, some infections can cause severe neurological diseases, such as aseptic meningitis, brain stem encephalitis, and even death. There are still no effective clinical drugs used for the prevention and treatment of HFMD. Read More

J Gen Virol 2019 Feb 14;100(2):187-198. Epub 2018 Dec 14.

Division of Livestock Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 678 Haping Street, Harbin 150069, PR China.

In this study, ten sites on the N terminus and different surface variable regions (VRs) of the bovine parvovirus (BPV) VP2 capsid protein were selected according to an alignment of its sequence with that of the BPV-1 strain HADEN for insertion of the type O foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) conserved neutralizing epitope 8E8. Ten epitope-chimeric BPV VP2 capsid proteins carrying the 8E8 epitope were expressed in Sf9 cells, and electron micrographs demonstrated that these fusion proteins self-assembled into virus-like particles (VLPs) with properties similar to those of natural BPV virions. Immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and Western blot analysis demonstrated that each of the ten epitope-chimeric VLPs reacted with both anti-BPV serum and anti-type O FMDV mAb 8E8. Read More

mSphere 2018 12 12;3(6). Epub 2018 Dec 12.

Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Greenport, New York, USA

The pathogenesis of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in cattle was investigated through early and late stages of infection by use of an optimized experimental model for controlled contact exposure. Time-limited exposure of cattle to FMDV-infected pigs led to primary FMDV infection of the nasopharyngeal mucosa in both vaccinated and nonvaccinated cattle. In nonvaccinated cattle, the infection generalized rapidly to cause clinical disease, without apparent virus amplification in the lungs prior to establishment of viremia. Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2018 Dec 6;18(1):630. Epub 2018 Dec 6.

School of Health Science Research, Mae Fah Luang University, 333 Mo.1 Tasud Subdistrict, Muang District, Chiang Rai, Chiang Rai Province, 57100, Thailand.

Background: Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a major communicable disease in children ≤6 years old, particularly in several countries in the Asia-Pacific Region, including Thailand. HFMD impacts public health and the economy, especially in northern Thailand.

Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted to estimate the incidence rate and to identify the serotype and clinical features of HFMD among children in northern Thailand. Read More

Cell Physiol Biochem 2018 11;51(5):2377-2396. Epub 2018 Dec 11.

State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou,

The interferons (IFNs) are a primary defense against pathogens because of the strong antiviral activities they induce. IFNs can be classified into three groups: type I, type II and type III, according to their genetic, structural, and functional characteristics and their receptors on the cell surface. The type I IFNs are the largest group and include IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-ε, IFN-ω, IFN-κ, IFN-δ, IFN-τ and IFN-ζ. Read More

Exp Suppl 2018 ;108:153-176

Departament Periodontology, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.

One of the main steps in the development of the life in the earth is multicellularity. It enables cell differentiation and the development of morphological structures within an organism and is an essential factor in how to recognize friendly cells that are part of the multicellular organism and which foreign organisms can be harmful. Recognition includes devices such as the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), and the pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Read More

Sci Rep 2018 Dec 10;8(1):17760. Epub 2018 Dec 10.

OIE Reference Laboratory for Peste des Petits Ruminants, National Research Center for Exotic Animal Diseases, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, P. R. China.

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR), caused by small ruminant morbillivirus (SRMV), formerly called peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV), is one of the most important pathogens in small ruminants, and has tremendous negative economic impact on the sheep industry worldwide. Current detection of PPRV in clinical samples mainly relies on real-time RT-PCR. Particularly, samples collected from rural area require highly equipped laboratories for screening. Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2018 Dec 7;18(1):638. Epub 2018 Dec 7.

China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, 100022, China.

Background: Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) has become a substantial threat recently. However few studies have quantified spatiotemporal heterogeneity of HFMD and detected spatiotemporal interactive effect of potential driving factors on this disease.

Methods: Using GeoDetector and Bayesian space-time hierarchy model, we characterized the epidemiology of HFMD in Henan, one of the largest population provinces in China, from 2012 to 2013, and quantified the impacts of potential driving factors. Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2018 Dec 5;18(1):624. Epub 2018 Dec 5.

Institute for Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Qinghai Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Xining, Qinghai, China.

Background: Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD) is most frequently caused by Enterovirus71 (EV-A71) or Coxsackie virus A16 (CV-A16), infants and young children are at greatest risk. Describing the epidemiology of HFMD can help develop and better target interventions, including the use of pediatric EV-A71 vaccination.

Methods: We obtained data from the national surveillance system for HFMD cases with onset dates from 2009 to 2015. Read More

PLoS One 2018 5;13(12):e0207604. Epub 2018 Dec 5.

Institute of Virology and Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.

The first records of smallpox and rabies date back thousands of years and foot-and-mouth disease in cattle was described in the 16th century. These diseases stood out by their distinct signs, dramatic way of transmission from rabid dogs to humans, and sudden appearance in cattle herds. By contrast, infectious diseases that show variable signs and affect few individuals were identified only much later. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2018 Nov;97(48):e13447

Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Medical School of Ningbo University.

Rationale: Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is identified as the primary cause of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) and mainly infects the young infants. Though some fatal cases have been reported, the underlying mechanisms of EV71 infection remain elusive and more further pathologic and molecular studies of EV71 infection are needed.

Patient Concerns: A 26-month-old girl with a history of fever and lethargy for 3 days and intermittent seizures for 2 hours associated with rash on 4 limbs was brought to a hospital. Read More

Microb Pathog 2019 Feb 28;127:79-84. Epub 2018 Nov 28.

State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, OIE/National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Reference Laboratory, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China. Electronic address:

Recently, a novel type I interferon alphaomega (IFN-αω), also known as IFN-μ, was identified. However, the biological activity of IFN-αω remain poorly understood. In this study, the porcine IFN-αω (PoIFN-αω) was expressed, purified, and its antiviral activities assessed by its ability to inhibit the cytopathic effect caused by FMDV on IBRS-2 cells. Read More

Genes Genomics 2018 Nov 29. Epub 2018 Nov 29.

National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Hubei Provincial Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Sino-German Biomedical Center, Hubei University of Technology, 430068, Wuhan, China.

Background: Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is the main pathogen of hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) and sometimes causes several neurological complications. However, the underlying mechanism of the host response to the virus infection remains unclear.

Objective: To reveal the cell-specific transcriptional response of cultured RD cells following infection with EV71, and better understand the molecular mechanisms of virus-host interactions. Read More

Med Sci Monit 2018 Nov 29;24:8627-8638. Epub 2018 Nov 29.

Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China (mainland).

BACKGROUND To construct an accurate, reliable, and simple scoring system of improving HFMD diagnosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Based on the following 3 steps, a simple scoring diagnostic system was built: (1) we selected basic markers (age and sex), markers recommended in HFMD diagnosis guidelines, and significant biomarkers among severity groups found in a large dataset; (2) we used positive constituent ratio for determining scores of each marker; and (3) we applied receiving operating curve in an external dataset to determine the optimal cut-off score. RESULTS The selected markers were sex, age, fever, skin rashes, nervous system disorder, respiratory system disorder, digestive system disorder and cardiopulmonary complications, C-reactive-protein, White Blood Cell, Creatinine Kinase, Creatinine Kinase Isoenzyme, Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidase, Albumin, Globulin, Albumin/Globulin Ratio, Natrium, Chloride, Calcium, and Glucose. Read More

Viruses 2018 11 28;10(12). Epub 2018 Nov 28.

Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan.

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is a global health threat. Children infected with EV71 could develop hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD), encephalitis, paralysis, pulmonary edema, and death. At present, no effective treatment for EV71 is available. Read More

BMC Vet Res 2018 Nov 28;14(1):371. Epub 2018 Nov 28.

Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.

Background: Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) can be controlled by either stamping out or vaccination, a choice which depends on both the economic importance of the livestock sector as well as the disease status. In FMD-free countries with vaccination, such as Korea, vaccination programs should guarantee prevention against transmission of FMD. Monitoring of vaccination programs is also essential for ensuring sufficient coverage that will limit the transmission of FMDV. Read More

Nat Commun 2018 11 26;9(1):4985. Epub 2018 Nov 26.

National Laboratory of Macromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.

Coxsackievirus A10 (CVA10), a human type-A Enterovirus (HEV-A), can cause diseases ranging from hand-foot-and-mouth disease to polio-myelitis-like disease. CVA10, together with some other HEV-As, utilizing the molecule KREMEN1 as an entry receptor, constitutes a KREMEN1-dependent subgroup within HEV-As. Currently, there is no vaccine or antiviral therapy available for treating diseases caused by CVA10. Read More

Vaccine 2018 Dec 20;36(52):7929-7935. Epub 2018 Nov 20.

College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; China Institute of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders in Domestic Animals and Fowls, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China. Electronic address:

The immunological enhancement characteristics of the immunopotentiator CVC1302 were evaluated for foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) inactivated vaccine in pigs. Eight-week-old piglets were vaccinated with the foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccine alone (FMD-vaccine group) or with the addition of CVC1302 (FMD-CVC1302 group), and the serum liquid phase blocking ELISA (LPB-ELISA) antibody titers, IgG1 and IgG2 levels, and the levels of four cytokines secreted by peripheral blood lymphocytes were measured at 28 days post vaccination (dpv). In the FMD-CVC1302 group, the LPB-ELISA antibody titers, IgG1, and IgG2 titers, and IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, and IFN-γ levels at 28 dpv were significantly higher than those in the FMD-vaccine group. Read More

Prev Vet Med 2018 Dec 23;161:41-49. Epub 2018 Oct 23.

Colorado State University, Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, 1681 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1681, USA. Electronic address:

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly infectious viral disease of cloven-hoofed animals. FMD outbreaks have the potential to cause significant economic consequences, and effective control strategies are needed to minimize the damage to livestock systems and the economy. Although not the predominant route of infection, airborne transmission has been implicated in previous outbreaks. Read More

BMC Vet Res 2018 Nov 20;14(1):359. Epub 2018 Nov 20.

Ruminant Diseases Research Center, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistant Biology of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.

Background: Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) caused by foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is one of the most highly infectious diseases in livestock, and leads to huge economic losses. Early diagnosis and rapid differentiation of FMDV serotype is therefore integral to the prevention and control of FMD. In this study, a series of serotype-specific reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification assays combined with lateral flow dipstick (RPA-LFD) were establish to differentiate FMDV serotypes A, O or Asia 1, respectively. Read More

Emerg Med Clin North Am 2019 Feb;37(1):69-80

Department of Emergency Medicine, Northwestern University, 211 East Ontario - Suite 300, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. Electronic address:

This article reviews the presentation, diagnosis, and management of common and "can't miss" infections of the oropharynx, including streptococcal pharyngitis, infectious mononucleosis, peritonsillar abscess, retropharyngeal abscess, and epiglottitis. Read More

Emerg Med Clin North Am 2019 Feb;37(1):55-68

Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, CO, USA. Electronic address:

Soft tissue disorders of the mouth encompass a wide expanse of pathophysiology. This article focuses on the identification, etiology, management, and complications of common infectious processes (candidiasis, dental caries, and herpes labialis), inflammatory lesions (sialolithiasis, oral lichen planus, and aphthous ulcer), and benign entities (bony tori and mucocele). Read More

Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2018 Nov 8;60:e70. Epub 2018 Nov 8.

Tainan Municipal Hospital (Managed by Show Chwan Medical Care Corporation), Department of Occupational Medicine, Tainan, Taiwan.

Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) infections are one of the main etiological agents of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) and herpangina worldwide. EV-A71 infection is a life-threatening communicable disease and there is an urgent global need for the development of vaccines for its prevention and control. The morbidity rate of EV-A71 infection differs between countries. Read More