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S Afr Fam Pract (2004) 2020 Jun 26;62(1):e1-e6. Epub 2020 Jun 26.

Department of Family Medicine, Kalafong Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria.

The viral haemorrhagic fevers are infectious diseases that often cause life-threatening illnesses. These diseases are common in the tropical areas of the world, and travel history to an endemic area together with recognising signs and symptoms is essential to aid diagnosis. Treatment is often supportive, and infection control measures need to be instituted early at the point of entry. Read More

Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020 12;10:281. Epub 2020 Jun 12.

Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.

Members of different virus families including cause viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs). The decisive determinants of hantavirus-associated pathogenicity are still enigmatic. Pathogenic hantavirus species, such as Puumala virus (PUUV), Hantaan virus (HTNV), Dobrava-Belgrade virus (DOBV), and Sin Nombre virus (SNV), are associated with significant case fatality rates. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2020 Jun;99(26):e21011

Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Bronx Care Health System, Affiliated With Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1650 Grand Concourse, Bronx, NY.

Rationale: Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is an uncommon subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). M3v phenotype is a less common presentation of APL and these patients usually present with leukocytosis and abnormal promyelocytes that are characterized by sparse granulation and are less likely to have faggot cells with multiple Auer rods. Distinguishing M3v phenotype from acute febrile illness can be challenging as the diagnosis relies on examination of peripheral smear. Read More

PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020 Jun 25;14(6):e0008259. Epub 2020 Jun 25.

CNMR, Maladies Cardiaques Héréditaires Rares & Department of Cardiology, AP-HP, Université de Paris, Paris, France.

PLoS One 2020 24;15(6):e0235108. Epub 2020 Jun 24.

Njala University, Mokonde, Sierra Leone.

Background: Concern has been expressed over how well Africa is prepared to cope with the pandemic of Covid-19. Will rural populations with low levels of education know how to apply community-based infection control? We undertook fieldwork in two villages in central Sierra Leone to gain insight into how rural people faced with Covid-19 assess epidemic infection risks.

Methods: Two communities were selected based on prior contrasted exposure to Ebola Virus Disease-one with substantial number of cases and the other having resisted infection through strong community sequestration measures. Read More

Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2020 22;53:e20200152. Epub 2020 Jun 22.

Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Hospital das Clínicas, Instituto Alfa de Gastroenterologia, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.

During the yellow fever (YF) outbreak in Brazil, many cases of fulminant hepatitis were seen, although mild to moderate hepatitis was mostly observed with complete recovery. This report presents a case of late-onset hepatitis due to YF relapse. The patient sought medical attention after jaundice recurrence 40 days after the first YF hepatitis episode. Read More

BMJ Glob Health 2020 06;5(6)

Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.

The evidence produced in mathematical models plays a key role in shaping policy decisions in pandemics. A key question is therefore how well pandemic models relate to their implementation contexts. Drawing on the cases of Ebola and influenza, we map how sociological and anthropological research contributes in the modelling of pandemics to consider lessons for COVID-19. Read More

Lancet 2020 06;395(10241):1890-1891

The Lancet, London, UK.

Pan Afr Med J 2020 9;35(Suppl 2). Epub 2020 Apr 9.

Department of Public Health, University of West Florida, Florida, USA.

Over the past half century, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), a low-income and post-conflict country, has experienced several Ebola Virus Disease outbreaks, with different fatality rates. The DRC is currently experiencing the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Using the PEN-3 cultural model, we assessed the socio-cultural factors affecting public trust in the government and its health agencies. Read More

Pan Afr Med J 2020 8;35(Suppl 2). Epub 2020 Apr 8.

Global Programs Division, Save the Children UK, London, UK.

The epidemic of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a global concern and subsequently labeled a pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11th. As the world mobilizes to contain the COVID-19, scientists and public health experts are increasingly alarmed about the potentially catastrophic effects of an outbreak in Africa. The establishment of Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention by the Africa Union in 2017 was an unprecedented move toward strengthening national responses, so far enabling all fifty member states with confirmed cases of COVID-19 to adequately respond, break chains of transmission and effectively contain the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Read More

Cell Host Microbe 2020 06;27(6):856-858

Laboratory of Humoral Immunology, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; INSERM U1222, Paris, France. Electronic address:

Human monoclonal antibodies are immune weapons that hold great promise for treating Marburg virus (MARV) infection. In this issue, Ilinykh et al. unveil non-neutralizing inhibitory properties of antibodies to the Wing region of the viral spike, which alongside with neutralizers are pivotal to in vivo protection against MARV infection. Read More

PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020 06 10;14(6):e0008305. Epub 2020 Jun 10.

French Institute For Research on sustainable Development (IRD), CEPED (IRD-Université Paris Descartes), Universités Paris Sorbonne Cités, ERL INSERM SAGESUD, Paris, France.

Background: The dengue virus is endemic in many low- and middle-income countries. In Burkina Faso, the proportion of fevers that could be due to dengue is growing. In 2013, a dengue epidemic spread there, followed by other seasonal outbreaks. Read More

Am J Trop Med Hyg 2019 10;101(4):729

Disease Control and Prevention Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.

Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2020 29;62:e33. Epub 2020 May 29.

Centro de Vigilância Epidemiológica "Prof. Alexandre Vranjac", Coordenadoria de Controle de Doenças, Secretaria de Estado da Saúde, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Eleven lactating women were inadvertently vaccinated with 17DD yellow fever vaccine in a small city of Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Their infants were being exclusively breast-fed and the breastfeeding was interrupted for 10 days. Serum and breastmilk were collected from the vaccinated mothers and tested for the presence of genomic RNA of the vaccine strain 8, 10 and 15 days after vaccination. Read More

Nature 2020 06;582(7810):19

Infez Med 2020 Jun;28(2):212-222

Department of Infectious Diseases, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan.

Ebola Virus Disease (EVD), also known as Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever (EHF), initially emerged over 40 years ago in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Endemic to Africa, outbreaks have been recorded in six African countries since its detection in 1976. Fruit bats are believed to be the natural hosts of Ebola viruses (EBoV), with humans and other mammals serving as accidental hosts. Read More

Eur J Pharm Sci 2020 Aug 30;151:105396. Epub 2020 May 30.

Division of Virology, Defence Research and Development Establishment, Jhansi Road, Gwalior, PIN-474002, India. Electronic address:

Recurrent outbreaks of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) virus infection in different parts of world are a major global health concern. The CCHF viral infection is associated with severe hemorrhagic fevers and mortality up to 40%. More than 30 countries in Asia, Europe and Africa are affected with CCHF infection. Read More

Emerg Microbes Infect 2020 Dec;9(1):1354-1355

Thai Red Cross Emerging Infectious Diseases Health Science Centre, World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Research and Training on Viral Zoonoses, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.

We report a 35-year-old female nurse who possibly received the SARS-CoV-2 virus during the blood sampling of a 35-year-old male patient initially suspected as a dengue infection. The patient had mild thrombocytopenia and positive dengue IgG and IgM whereas the clinicians were not aware of the possibility of false-positive dengue serology revealed in the published case report from Singapore. The nurse put on a pair of gloves but did not wear a mask during the only encounter with this patient. Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2020 May 24;20(1):364. Epub 2020 May 24.

Hasan Sadikin Hospital - Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia.

Background: Reports of human rickettsial infection in Indonesia are limited. This study sought to characterize the epidemiology of human rickettsioses amongst patients hospitalized with fever at 8 tertiary hospitals in Indonesia.

Methods: Acute and convalescent blood from 975 hospitalized non-dengue patients was tested for Rickettsia IgM and IgG by ELISA. Read More

Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2020 May;41(5):685-689

Division of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Early Warning on Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China.

To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of outbreaks of dengue fever in China from 2015 to 2018, and provide evidence for the prevention and control of dengue fever. We extracted the incidence data of dengue fever from China Disease Prevention and Control Information System, Public Health Emergency Reporting Management Information System and Vector Biological Monitoring System, and explored the epidemiological characteristics of the outbreaks in the past four years. Excel 2010 software and SPSS 20. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2020 May;99(20):e20262

Department of Infectious Diseases, Weihai Central Hospital, Weihai, 264400, China.

Background: The goal of this study is to assess the therapeutic effect of Xuebijing combined with thymosin (XBJ-T) for the treatment of patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS).

Methods: We will search the electronic databases of Cochrane Library, PUBMED, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Scopus, Opengrey, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Web of Science, Google scholar, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database from inception to the present. No language and publication status will be employed in this study. Read More

N Engl J Med 2020 05;382(19):1832-1842

From the Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT (H.F.); Médecins sans Frontières, Brussels (A.S.); and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Galveston National Laboratory, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston (T.W.G.).

J Clin Virol 2020 07 13;128:104434. Epub 2020 May 13.

Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nigeria.

With the COVID-19 officially declared a pandemic, Nigeria alongside other countries is directing all its resources and manpower to contain this pandemic. However, the existence of Lassa fever (LF), a more severe, zoonotic, endemic and viral haemorrhagic fever caused by Lassa virus with higher case fatality ratio (CFR) rages on across Nigeria while receiving little or no public health attention. The simultaneously increasing cases of COVID-19 and LF across Nigeria would be catastrophic unless infection prevention and control measures toward both LF and COVID-19 outbreaks are considered alongside. Read More

N Engl J Med 2020 05;382(21):2059-2061

Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

N Engl J Med 2020 05;382(21):2023-2032

From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, and the Department of Microbiology, Royal Melbourne Hospital (D.A.W.), and Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Alfred Health, and Central Clinical School, Monash University (M.Y.C.) - all in Melbourne, VIC, Australia.

Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2020 15;115:e190423. Epub 2020 May 15.

Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

BACKGROUND Despite efforts to mitigate the impact of dengue virus (DENV) epidemics, the virus remains a public health problem in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. Most DENV cases in the Americas between January and July 2019 were reported in Brazil. São Paulo State in the southeast of Brazil has reported nearly half of all DENV infections in the country. Read More

Am J Disaster Med 2019 Summer;14(3):193-200

Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.

In our increasingly interconnected world, the potential for emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) to spread globally is of paramount concern. Travel bans-herein defined as the complete restriction of travel from at least one geographic region to at least one other international geographic region-are a potential policy solution to control the global spread of disease. The social, economic, and health-related consequences of travel bans, as well as the available evidence on the effectiveness of travel restrictions in preventing the global spread of influenza, have been previously described. Read More

Emerg Microbes Infect 2020 Dec;9(1):1023-1033

Department of Arbovirology and Hemorrhagic Fevers, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Brazil.

The Asian lineage of Zika virus (ZIKV) is responsible for the recent epidemics in the Americas and severe disease, whereas the African lineage of ZIKV has not been reported to cause epidemics or severe disease. We constructed a cDNA infectious clone (IC) of an African ZIKV strain, which, together with our previously developed Asian ZIKV strain IC, allowed us to engineer chimeric viruses by swapping the structural and non-structural genes between the two lineages. Recombinant parental and chimeric viruses were analyzed in A129 and newborn CD1 mouse models. Read More

Vaccine 2020 06 28;38(28):4464-4475. Epub 2020 Apr 28.

Flow Pharma, Inc., 3451 Vincent Road, Pleasant Hill, CA 94523, United States; Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, 55 Fruit St, Boston, MA 02114, United States. Electronic address:

The 2013-2016 West Africa EBOV epidemic was the biggest EBOV outbreak to date. An analysis of virus-specific CD8+ T-cell immunity in 30 survivors showed that 26 of those individuals had a CD8+ response to at least one EBOV protein. The dominant response (25/26 subjects) was specific to the EBOV nucleocapsid protein (NP). Read More

Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020 05 15;5:CD011621. Epub 2020 May 15.

National Personal Protective Technology Laboratory (NPPTL), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

Background: In epidemics of highly infectious diseases, such as Ebola, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), or coronavirus (COVID-19), healthcare workers (HCW) are at much greater risk of infection than the general population, due to their contact with patients' contaminated body fluids. Personal protective equipment (PPE) can reduce the risk by covering exposed body parts. It is unclear which type of PPE protects best, what is the best way to put PPE on (i. Read More

Sci Total Environ 2020 Jul 28;724:138269. Epub 2020 Mar 28.

Mathematics, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia; Biomathematics Unit, School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel.

We studied the dynamics of dengue disease in two epidemic regions in Sri Lanka, the densely populated Colombo district representing the wet zone and the relatively less populated Batticaloa district representing the dry zone. Regional differences in disease dynamics were analysed against regional weather factors. Wavelets, Granger causality and regression methods were used. Read More

Sci Total Environ 2020 Jul 24;724:138200. Epub 2020 Mar 24.

Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, People's Republic of China. Electronic address:

Dengue fever (DF) is a common and rapidly spreading vector-borne viral disease in tropical and subtropical regions. In recent years, in China, DF still poses an increasing threat to public health in many cities; but the incidence shows significant spatiotemporal differences. The purpose of this study was to identify the key factors affecting the spatial and temporal distribution of DF. Read More

F1000Res 2019 15;8:1441. Epub 2019 Aug 15.

Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia.

Some Ebola vaccines have been developed and tested in phase III clinical trials. However, assessment of whether public have willingness to purchase or not, especially in unaffected areas, is lacking. The aim of this study was to determine willingness to pay (WTP) for a hypothetical Ebola vaccine in Indonesia. Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2020 May 12;20(1):335. Epub 2020 May 12.

Physician, National Hospital of Sri Lanka, Colombo, Sri Lanka.

Background: Dengue fever is a hemorrhagic fever caused by flaviviruses. Hemorrhagic manifestations are well known to be associated with dengue fever, though the thrombotic events are only seldom reported. Underlying pathophysiology of thrombotic events is multifactorial and the management is challenging due to associated thrombocytopenia and bleeding tendency. Read More

N Engl J Med 2020 May;382(19):1784-1785

From the Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin.

Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020 05 2;17(9). Epub 2020 May 2.

Center for Health Policy and Media Engagement, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20006, USA.

In the past century, there have been several pandemics. Within the context of global health, these pandemics have often been viewed from the lens of determinants such as population, poverty, and pollution. With an ever-changing world and the COVID-19 pandemic, the current global determinants of public health need to be expanded. Read More

Cells 2020 May 1;9(5). Epub 2020 May 1.

Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.

Ebola virus (EBOV) is a zoonotic pathogen causing severe hemorrhagic fevers in humans and non-human primates with high case fatality rates. In recent years, the number and extent of outbreaks has increased, highlighting the importance of better understanding the molecular aspects of EBOV infection and host cell interactions to control this virus more efficiently. Many viruses, including EBOV, have been shown to recruit host proteins for different viral processes. Read More

J Antimicrob Chemother 2020 07;75(7):1772-1777

Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics, Amedeo di Savoia Hospital, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.

Background: Remdesivir has received significant attention for its potential application in the treatment of COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2. Remdesivir has already been tested for Ebola virus disease treatment and found to have activity against SARS and MERS coronaviruses. The remdesivir core contains GS-441524, which interferes with RNA-dependent RNA polymerases alone. Read More

Transfus Med Rev 2020 Apr 23. Epub 2020 Apr 23.

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA.

As the world faces the current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, extensive efforts have been applied to identify effective therapeutic agents. Convalescent plasma collected from recovered patients has been a therapeutic modality employed for over a hundred years for various infectious pathogens. Specifically, it has been used in the treatment of many viral infections with varying degrees of clinical efficacy. Read More

Science 2020 05;368(6490):445

John Ditekemena is an associate professor at Kinshasa School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.

N Engl J Med 2020 04;382(18):1770-1771

Takeda Vaccines, Cambridge, MA.

N Engl J Med 2020 04;382(18):1769-1770

International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India

N Engl J Med 2020 04;382(18):1769

University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines

Nature 2020 04;580(7805):565

Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2020 Apr;41(4):542-546

Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Pathogenic Microorganisms, Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhengzhou 450016, China.

To analyze data gathered from the laboratory records related to imported Dengue cases in Henan province in 2018. Suspected Dengue cases were found out through the Dengue fever surveillance network from the National infectious Disease reporting management information system. Serum samples of suspected Dengue cases were collected while case study and tested for Dengue NS1 antigen, IgM, IgG antibodies and Dengue RNA in Henan province in 2018. Read More

PLoS One 2020 27;15(4):e0230406. Epub 2020 Apr 27.

SmartAnalyst India Pvt. Ltd., Gurgaon, India.

Ebola epidemics constitute serious public health emergencies. Multiple vaccines are under development to prevent these epidemics and avoid the associated morbidity and mortality. Assessing the potential impact of these vaccines on morbidity and mortality of Ebola is essential for devising prevention strategies. Read More

BMJ 2020 04 24;369:m1618. Epub 2020 Apr 24.

University of Bedfordshire, Luton LU1 3JU, UK.

J Clin Invest 2020 Jun;130(6):2752-2753

Department of Family and Community Medicine and.

Health Secur 2020 Mar/Apr;18(2):105-113

Carol Nanziri, MPH; Vivian Ntono, MPH; Fred Monje, MVPM; Dativa Maria Aliddeki, MPH; Kenneth Bainomugisha, MPH; and Godfrey Nsereko, MPH, are Epidemiologists; Daniel Kadobera, MSc, is Field Supervisor; and Lilian Bulage, MSc, is a Scientific Writer; all in the Field Epidemiology Track, Uganda Public Health Fellowship Program, Kampala, Uganda. Alex Riolexus Ario, PhD, is Director, Uganda National Institute of Public Health, Kampala. Joshua Kayiwa, MSc, is an Information Analyst, and Issa Makumbi, MSc, is Director; both in the Public Health Emergency Operations Centre, Ministry of Health, Kampala. Lydia Nakiire, MPH, is an Epidemiologist; Richard Walwema, MBA, is Project Manager; and Mohammed Lamorde, PhD, is Head of Department; all in Global Health Security, Infectious Diseases Institute, Makerere University, Kampala. Patrick K. Tusiime, MPH, is Commissioner, and Eldard Mabumba, MPH, is Principal Medical Officer; both in National Disease Prevention and Control, Ministry of Health, Kampala. Felix Ocom, MPH, is an Epidemiologist, Health Emergencies Program, World Health Organization Country Office, Kampala. Juliet Namugga Kasule, MSc, is a Public Health Specialist, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Global Health Protection, Kampala. Sarah E. Ward, MPH, is a Health Scientist, and Rebecca D. Merrill, PhD, is an Epidemiologist; both in the Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA.

Uganda's proximity to the tenth Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) presents a high risk of cross-border EVD transmission. Uganda conducted preparedness and risk-mapping activities to strengthen capacity to prevent EVD importation and spread from cross-border transmission. We adapted the World Health Organization (WHO) EVD Consolidated Preparedness Checklist to assess preparedness in 11 International Health Regulations domains at the district level, health facilities, and points of entry; the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Border Health Capacity Discussion Guide to describe public health capacity; and the CDC Population Connectivity Across Borders tool kit to characterize movement and connectivity patterns. Read More

Health Secur 2020 Mar/Apr;18(2):114-124

Karen A. Martins, PhD, is Research Health Science Program Manager, Medical Division; Chi Ritchie, MT, M(ASCP), is a Microbiologist; and Sina Bavari, PhD, is Science Director; all at the US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Fort Detrick, MD. Rodgers R. Ayebare, MB ChB, CIC, is Site Coordinator; and Peter Waitt, MD, is Clinical Lead, Joint Mobile Emerging Disease Intervention Clinical Capability (JMEDICC), Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda. Nahid Bhadelia, MD, MA, is Associate Professor and Medical Director, Special Pathogens Unit, Section of Infectious Diseases, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA. Francis Kiweewa, MD, is Head of Research and Scientific Affairs, Makerere University Walter Reed Project, and Strengthening Institutional Capacity for Research Administration (SICRA), Kampala, Uganda. Derrick Mimbe, MSC, and Stephen Okello, MD, are Program Managers, JMEDICC; Prossy Naluyima, PhD, is Laboratory Director; and Hannah Kibuuka, MD, is Executive Director, all in the Makerere University Walter Reed Project, Kampala, Uganda. David M. Brett-Major, MD, MPH, is a Professor, College of Public Health, and James V. Lawler, MD, MPH, is Executive Director, International Programs and Innovation, Global Center for Health Security and Division of Infectious Diseases; both at the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE. Monica Millard, MPH, is Country Program Director, US Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa/Uganda (MRD-A/U), Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR), Kampala, Uganda. Richard Walwema is a Laboratorian, and Mohammed Lamorde, PhD, is Head of Global Health Security, Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda. Anthony P. Cardile, DO, is at the Richard Barquist US Army Health Clinic, Ft. Detrick, MD. Antonia Kwiecien and Helen Badu are International Program Managers-Uganda, and Danielle V. Clark, PhD, is Director; all at Austere environments Consortium for Enhanced Sepsis Outcomes (ACESO), Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, MD. Benjamin J. Espinosa, PhD, is Deputy Director, Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Frederick, MD. Charmagne Beckett, MD MPH, is with the Infectious Diseases Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD. Saima Zaman, MPH, is International Project Manager, Biological Threat Reduction Program, Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Fort Belvoir, VA. George Christopher, MD, is Joint Project Manager, Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Medical, Joint Program Executive Office for CBRN Defense, US Department of Defense, Fort Detrick, MD.

The West Africa Ebola virus disease outbreak of 2014-2016 demonstrated that responses to viral hemorrhagic fever epidemics must go beyond emergency stopgap measures and should incorporate high-quality medical care and clinical research. Optimal patient management is essential to improving outcomes, and it must be implemented regardless of geographical location or patient socioeconomic status. Coupling clinical research with improved care has a significant added benefit: Improved data quality and management can guide the development of more effective supportive care algorithms and can support regulatory approvals of investigational medical countermeasures (MCMs), which can alter the cycle of emergency response to reemerging pathogens. Read More