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BMC Pulm Med 2022 Jun 25;22(1):250. Epub 2022 Jun 25.

Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of China Medical University, North Nanjing Street 155, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning Province, China.

Background: This study was performed to develop and validate machine learning models for early detection of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) 24 h before diagnosis, so that VAP patients can receive early intervention and reduce the occurrence of complications.

Patients And Methods: This study was based on the MIMIC-III dataset, which was a retrospective cohort. The random forest algorithm was applied to construct a base classifier, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity and specificity of the prediction model were evaluated. Read More

J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2022 Jun 25. Epub 2022 Jun 25.

Department of Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.

Objective: To compare the short- and long-term outcomes of dogs and cats with left-sided congestive heart failure (L-CHF) undergoing positive pressure ventilation (PPV) to patients undergoing PPV for other causes and to determine risk factors associated with outcomes in this population.

Design: This retrospective study included dogs and cats that underwent PPV during 2018-2020. The study group included patients diagnosed with L-CHF. Read More

Comput Biol Med 2022 Jul 18;146:105597. Epub 2022 May 18.

Y. B. Chavan College of Pharmacy, Dr. Rafiq Zakaria Campus, Rauza Baugh, Aurangabad, MS, India. Electronic address:

Tetraacyldisaccharide 4'-kinase (LpxK) is the prime enzyme responsible for the biosynthesis of lipid A. LpxK is a key antibacterial drug target, but it is less exploitation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other bacterial species limits its therapeutic use. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is responsible for severe infections like pneumonia and urinary tract infections. Read More

Respir Res 2022 Jun 24;23(1):168. Epub 2022 Jun 24.

Corporación CorpoGen Research Center, Bogotá, Colombia.

Background: Studies of the respiratory tract microbiome primarily focus on airway and lung microbial diversity, but it is still unclear how these microbial communities may be affected by intubation and long periods in intensive care units (ICU), an aspect that today could aid in the understanding of COVID19 progression and disease severity. This study aimed to explore and characterize the endotracheal tube (ETT) microbiome by analyzing ETT-associated microbial communities.

Methods: This descriptive study was carried out on adult patients subjected to invasive mechanical ventilation from 2 to 21 days. Read More

Air Med J 2022 Jul-Aug;41(4):370-375. Epub 2022 May 23.

Department of General Surgery, Novant Health New Hanover Regional Medical Center, Wilmington, NC.

Objective: Point-of-care laboratory testing (POCT) is associated with a reduced time to testing results and critical decision making within emergency departments. POCT is an essential clinical assessment tool because laboratory data are used to support timely critical decisions regarding acute medical conditions onditions ; however, there is currently limited research to support the use of POCT in the critical care transport environment. Few studies have evaluated the changes in patient care that occur after POCT during critical care transport. Read More

Pathogens 2022 May 24;11(6). Epub 2022 May 24.

Department of Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.

Background: SARS-CoV virus infection results in a dysbalanced and severe inflammatory response with hypercytokinemia and immunodepression. Viral infection triggers systemic inflammation and the virus itself can potentially cause vascular damage, including blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and alterations in the coagulation system, which may result in cardiovascular and neurovascular events. Here, we review the literature and present a case of COVID-19 infection leading to an aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH). Read More

Microorganisms 2022 May 28;10(6). Epub 2022 May 28.

Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital of Split, Spinčićeva 1, 21000 Split, Croatia.

The effect of routine inhalation therapy on ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in mechanically ventilated patients with the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has not been well-defined. This randomized controlled trial included 175 eligible adult patients with COVID-19 who were treated with mechanical ventilation at the University Hospital of Split between October 2020 and June 2021. Patients were randomized and allocated to a control group (no routine inhalation) or one of the treatment arms (inhalation of N-acetylcysteine; 5% saline solution; or 8. Read More

Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022 Jun 20;19(12). Epub 2022 Jun 20.

Department of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University, 31-121 Kraków, Poland.

Introduction: Patients in neurosurgical units are particularly susceptible to healthcare-associated infections (HAI) due to invasive interventions in the central nervous system.

Materials And Methods: The study was conducted between 2014 and 2019 in neurosurgery units in Poland. The aim of the study was to investigate the epidemiology and microbiology of HAIs and to assess the effectiveness of surveillance conducted in two hospital units. Read More

Healthcare (Basel) 2022 May 25;10(6). Epub 2022 May 25.

Department of Epidemiology and Disaster Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria.

The concept of improving the quality and safety of healthcare is well known. However, a follow-up question is often asked about whether these improvements are cost-effective. The prevalence of nosocomial infections (NIs) in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is approximately 30% in developing countries. Read More

Biomedicines 2022 May 24;10(6). Epub 2022 May 24.

Department of Infectious Diseases, Bellvitge University Hospital-Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), University of Barcelona, 08907 Barcelona, Spain.

Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have an increased risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). This systematic review updates information on the causative agents of VAP and resistance to antibiotics in COVID-19 patients. We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed/MEDLINE, and LILACS databases from December 2019 to December 2021. Read More

Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022 Jun 3;78:103895. Epub 2022 Jun 3.

Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.

Introduction: Ventilator-associated pneumonia is a common nosocomial infection that occurs in critically ill patients who are on intubation and mechanical ventilation. Nurses' lack of knowledge may be a barrier to adherence to evidence-based guidelines for preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia. This study aimed to assess the knowledge of intensive care nurses' towards the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Read More

Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022 Jun 3;78:103687. Epub 2022 May 3.

Department of Biotechnology, MMEC, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, Haryana, 133207, India.

Background: As per WHO, global burden of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) ranges between 7% and 12%. There is a dire need to screen Device associated nosocomial infections (DANIs) in hospitals(1). To investigate the prevalence of microbes in hospitals in DANI cases and analyse in vitro control of multi-drug resistant strains by nanotechnology intervention. Read More

Am J Infect Control 2022 Jun 19. Epub 2022 Jun 19.

Executive Director, TAG Oral Care Center for Excellence, 800 W. Fulton Market, Chicago, IL 60607. Electronic address:

Non-ventilator hospital-acquired pneumonia is associated with substantial morbidity, mortality and costs during an episode of acute care. We examined NVHAP incidence, mortality, and costs of Medicaid beneficiaries over a 5-year period (2015-2019). Overall NVHAP incidence was 2. Read More

Intensive Care Med 2022 Jun 21. Epub 2022 Jun 21.

Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Beaujon Hospital, DMU Parabol, AP-HP Nord, Université de Paris, Clichy, France.

Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2022 Jun 21:e0025622. Epub 2022 Jun 21.

Department of Pharmacy Practice, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciencesgrid.413555.3, Albany, New York, USA.

Imipenem (IMI)/cilastatin/relebactam (REL) (I/R) is a novel β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combination with expanded microbiologic activity against carbapenem-resistant non- (CR-NME) and difficult-to-treat (DTR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Relebactam, a bicyclic diazabicyclooctane, has no direct antimicrobial activity but provides reliable inhibition of many Ambler class A and class C enzymes. It is currently approved for the treatment of adult patients with hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia (HABP/VABP) and those with complicated urinary tract infections (cUTIs) and complicated intra-abdominal infections (cIAIs) when limited or no alternative treatments are available. Read More

IJID Reg 2022 Jun 23;3:44-53. Epub 2022 Feb 23.

Department of Microbiology, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Patparganj, New Delhi, India.

Objective: To gain better insight into the extent of secondary bacterial and fungal infections in hospitalized patients in India, and to assess how these alter the course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) so that control measures can be suggested.

Methods: In this retrospective, multicentre study, the data of all patients who tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) on reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), admitted to hospital between March 2020 and July 2021, were accessed from the electronic health records of a network of 10 hospitals across five states in North India.

Results: Of 19,852 patients testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 on RT-PCR and admitted to the study hospitals during the study period, 1940 (9. Read More

Indian J Crit Care Med 2022 May;26(5):584-590

Nursing, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

Introduction: The Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) introduced a new definition of ventilator-associated events (VAEs) in 2013 in place of longstanding ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) definition. Three entities under VAE, ventilator-associated condition (VAC), infection-related ventilator-associated complication (IVAC), and possible ventilator-associated pneumonia (PVAP), were introduced.

Objectives: To assess the incidence of all VAEs in a tertiary care trauma ICU and to find the predictive value of VAE and sensitivity of VAE definitions for VAP. Read More

JAC Antimicrob Resist 2022 Jun 16;4(3):dlac064. Epub 2022 Jun 16.

Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.

Objectives: To describe clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients who developed secondary infections due to carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE).

Methods: Retrospective observational study including COVID-19 patients admitted to 12 Italian hospitals from March to December 2020 who developed a superinfection by CRE. Superinfection was defined as the occurrence of documented bacterial infection >48 h from admission. Read More

J Infect Chemother 2022 Jun 16. Epub 2022 Jun 16.

Japan Development, MSD K.K., 1-13-12 Kudan-kita, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-8667, Japan. Electronic address:

Introduction: The results from the phase 3 study that evaluated the efficacy and safety of tedizolid phosphate, an oxazolidinone drug, for the treatment of gram-positive ventilated hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia (vHABP)/ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia (VABP) compared with linezolid (VITAL study), have been previously reported. We conducted a subgroup analysis to report the data obtained from Japanese patients enrolled in this study.

Methods: Patients aged ≥18 years with vHABP/VABP likely to be caused by gram-positive cocci were randomized 1:1 to tedizolid phosphate 200 mg once daily for 7 days or linezolid 600 mg twice daily for 10 days. Read More

Am J Infect Control 2022 Jun 16. Epub 2022 Jun 16.

Division of Infectious Diseases, Thammasart University Hospital, Pratumthani, Thailand. Electronic address:

Background: . A 2014 study assessed infection prevention (IP) practices in Thai hospitals for catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI), central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI), and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). This study compares current IP practices to results obtained in 2014. Read More

Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2022 Jun 17. Epub 2022 Jun 17.

Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common complication occurring in critically ill patients who are mechanically ventilated and is the leading cause of nosocomial infection-related death. Etiologic agents for VAP widely differ based on the population of intensive care unit patients, duration of hospital stay, and prior antimicrobial therapy. VAP due to multidrug-resistant pathogens is associated with the highest morbidity and mortality, likely due to delays in appropriate antimicrobial treatment. Read More

Front Pharmacol 2022 31;13:921307. Epub 2022 May 31.

Department of Pharmacy, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.

GMS Hyg Infect Control 2022 11;17:Doc05. Epub 2022 Apr 11.

Ministry of Health, General Directorate of Public Health, Ankara, Turkey.

Aim: Secondary bloodstream infections (SBSIs) are caused by another infection and differ from primary bloodstream infections (PBSIs) in terms of prevention and treatment strategies. The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors for bloodstream infections which were secondary to the most common healthcare-associated infections caused by the most common microorganisms in intensive care units (ICUs) and to examine whether extended-spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) production and carbapenem resistance is related to the higher risk or not.

Methods: The study population consisted of patients in ICUs with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), ventilator-associated event (VAE) or catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) caused by or between 2014 and 2019. Read More

An Pediatr (Engl Ed) 2022 May 19;96(5):402-409. Epub 2021 Mar 19.

Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Menufia, Shibin el-Kom, Egypt.

Introduction: Stress ulcer prophylaxis (SUP) is commonly used in Paediatric Intensive Care Units (PICUs). However, strong evidence for this practice is lacking and there is a dire need for paediatric randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Our aim was to assess the usefulness of SUP with omeprazole in critically ill children. Read More

Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2022 Jun 14:e0056322. Epub 2022 Jun 14.

Infectious Disease Pharmacokinetics Lab, Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Floridagrid.15276.37, Gainesville, Florida, USA.

Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) are the most common intensive care unit (ICU) infections. We aimed to evaluate the association of early and cumulative beta-lactam pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) parameters with therapy outcomes in pneumonia. Adult ICU patients who received cefepime, meropenem, or piperacillin-tazobactam for HAP or VAP and had its concentration measured were included. Read More

Crit Care 2022 06 13;26(1):176. Epub 2022 Jun 13.

Dipartimento di Anestesia, Rianimazione ed Emegenza Urgenza, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122, Milan, Italy.

Objective: To assess the impact of treatment with steroids on the incidence and outcome of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients.

Design: Propensity-matched retrospective cohort study from February 24 to December 31, 2020, in 4 dedicated COVID-19 Intensive Care Units (ICU) in Lombardy (Italy).

Patients: Adult consecutive mechanically ventilated COVID-19 patients were subdivided into two groups: (1) treated with low-dose corticosteroids (dexamethasone 6 mg/day intravenous for 10 days) (DEXA+); (2) not treated with corticosteroids (DEXA-). Read More

Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2022 Jun 16:1-11. Epub 2022 Jun 16.

Department of Orthopedic, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan Taiwan.

Objectives: This study investigated the preventive effects of pro-, pre- and synbiotics on ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) among critically ill patients.

Methods: The PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched for relevant articles written before 19 February 2022. Read More

Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2022 Jun 7:115698. Epub 2022 Jun 7.

Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Pan Afr Med J 2022 9;41:191. Epub 2022 Mar 9.

Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care "B", Center of Maternity and Neonatology, Fattouma Bourguiba University Teaching Hospital, Monastir, Tunisia.

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has exposed vulnerable populations, including pregnant women, to an unprecedented public health crisis. According to recent data, pregnancy in COVID-19 patients is associated with increased hospitalization, admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) and intubation. It has been suggested that pregnancy induced immune responses and cardiorespiratory changes can exaggerate the course of the COVID-19. Read More

J Clin Med 2022 Jun 4;11(11). Epub 2022 Jun 4.

Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

Healthcare-associated infections can occur in different care units and can affect both patients and healthcare professionals. Bacteria represent the most common cause of nosocomial infections and, due to the excessive and irrational use of antibiotics, resistant organisms have appeared. The most important healthcare-associated infections are central line-associated bloodstream infections, catheter-associated urinary tract infections, surgical site, soft tissue infections, ventilator-associated pneumonia, hospital acquired pneumonia, and colitis. Read More