Search Our Scientific Publications & Authors

Acta Biomater 2019 Apr 22. Epub 2019 Apr 22.

Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States. Electronic address:

Hospital associated infections (HAIs), infections acquired by patients during care in a hospital, remain a prevalent issue in the healthcare field. These infections often occur with the use of indwelling medical devices such as endotracheal tubes (ETTs) that can result in ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). When examining the various routes of infection, VAP is associated with the highest incidence, rate of morbidity, and economic burden. Read More

Intensive Care Med 2019 Apr 24. Epub 2019 Apr 24.

Medical ICU, Gabriel-Montpied University Hospital,, Clermont-Ferrand,, France.

Introduction: Respiratory tract Candida spp. colonization is associated with more frequent bacterial ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). However, this colonization could be causally related to VAP or simply reflect the immune paralysis associated with multiple organ failure. Read More

J Thorac Dis 2019 Mar;11(3):673-685

Department of Critical Care Medicine, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin 150081, China.

Background: The determination of risk factors for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients remains a challenge. Our study aims to explore the epidemiology and risk factors affecting outcomes of ARDS patients and provide a theoretical basis for patients' prognosis.

Methods: This retrospective study included 207 ARDS patients admitted to the general intensive care unit (ICU) in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from Jan 1st, 2016 to Jan 1st, 2017. Read More

Rev Bras Enferm 2019 Mar-Apr;72(2):521-530. Epub 2019 Apr 18.

Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Enfermagem. São Paulo-SP, Brasil.

Objective: to identify studies about strategies for prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia deployed in health services and classify their level of evidence.

Method: integrative review of the literature, in 7 databases, which included the following descriptors: Prevention and Control AND Pneumonia Ventilator-Associated AND Intensive Care Units AND Bundle AND Patient Care.

Results: twenty-three scientific productions were included. Read More

Respir Care 2019 Apr 23. Epub 2019 Apr 23.

Dipartimento di Fisiopatologia Medico-Chirurgica e dei Trapianti, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.

Background: Endotracheal tubes with standard polyvinyl chloride cuffs create folds on inflation into the trachea, which lead to potential leakage of subglottic secretions into the lower airways and cause lung colonization and pneumonia. The use of a double-layer prototype leak-proof cuff has shown effective prevention of the fluid leakage across the cuff. We hypothesized that the use of such a leak-proof cuff could prevent lung bacterial colonization in vivo. Read More

BMJ Qual Saf 2019 Apr 23. Epub 2019 Apr 23.

Center for Clinical Management Research, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

Background: Despite focused initiatives to reduce device-associated infection among hospitalised patients, the practices US hospitals are currently using are unknown. We thus used a national survey to ascertain the use of several established and novel practices to prevent device-associated infections.

Methods: We mailed surveys to infection preventionists in a random sample of nearly 900 US acute care hospitals in 2017. Read More

Iran J Pharm Res 2018 ;17(Suppl2):206-213

Department of Clinical Pharmacy, school of pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Due to the emerging antibiotic resistance of Acinetobacter, which is the leading cause of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in critically ill patients, there is an urgent need for studies comparing various antibiotic regimens for its treatment. In this single blinded randomized clinical trial, adult patients with VAP due to multi drug resistant Acinetobacter (MDRA), were randomly assigned to receive 9×10 unit loading dose of colistin followed by 4.5×10 unit intravenously twice daily plus 750 mg intravenous levofloxacin daily or continuous infusion of ampicillin/sulbactam, 24g daily plus 750mg IV levofloxacin daily. Read More

Ann Thorac Med 2019 Apr-Jun;14(2):101-105

College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

NASAM (National Approach to Standardize and Improve Mechanical Ventilation) is a national collaborative quality improvement project in Saudi Arabia. It aims to improve the care of mechanically ventilated patients by implementing evidence-based practices with the goal of reducing the rate of ventilator-associated events and therefore reducing mortality, mechanical ventilation duration and intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay. The project plans to extend the implementation to a total of 100 ICUs in collaboration with multiple health systems across the country. Read More

JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2019 Apr 22. Epub 2019 Apr 22.

Médecine Intensive Réanimation, University Hospital Centre, Nantes, France.

Background: Whether providing nutrition support is beneficial or deleterious during targeted temperature management (TTM) after cardiac arrest is unclear. We therefore performed a retrospective observational study to determine whether early nutrition was beneficial or deleterious during TTM.

Methods: We retrospectively studied patients admitted to our intensive care unit (ICU) between 2008 and 2014 after successfully resuscitated cardiac arrest. Read More

Sensors (Basel) 2019 Apr 18;19(8). Epub 2019 Apr 18.

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Chungli 32003, Taiwan.

One concern to the patients is the off-line detection of pneumonia infection status after using the ventilator in the intensive care unit. Hence, machine learning methods for ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) rapid diagnose are proposed. A popular device, Cyranose 320 e-nose, is usually used in research on lung disease, which is a highly integrated system and sensor comprising 32 array using polymer and carbon black materials. Read More

Support Care Cancer 2019 Apr 17. Epub 2019 Apr 17.

Service de Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Gustave Roussy, 114, rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif, 94805, France.

Purpose: Some publications suggest high rates of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and of nosocomial pneumonia portending a poor prognosis in ICU cancer patients. A better understanding of the epidemiology of HAIs in these patients is needed.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of all the patients hospitalized for ≥ 48 h during a 12-year period in the 12-bed ICU of the Gustave Roussy hospital, monitored prospectively for ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and bloodstream infection (BSI) and for use of medical devices. Read More

Front Pharmacol 2019 28;10:298. Epub 2019 Mar 28.

Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the most prevalent and serious complications of mechanical ventilation, which is considered a common nosocomial infection in critically ill patients. There are some great options for the prevention of VAP: (i) minimize ventilator exposure; (ii) intensive oral care; (iii) aspiration of subglottic secretions; (iv) maintain optimal positioning and encourage mobility; and (v) prophylactic probiotics. Furthermore, clinical management of VAP depends on appropriate antimicrobial therapy, which needs to be selected based on individual patient factors, such as previous antibacterial therapy, history of hospitalization or mechanical ventilation, and bacterial pathogens and antibiotic resistance patterns. Read More

J Emerg Med 2019 Apr 15. Epub 2019 Apr 15.

Division of Anesthesia, Intensive Care, and Prehospital Emergency, Maggiore Hospital Carlo Alberto Pizzardi, Bologna, Italy.

Background: Prehospital airway management in severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is widely recommended by international guidelines for the management of trauma. Early-onset ventilator-associated pneumonia (EOVAP) is a common occurrence in this population and can worsen mortality and functional outcome.

Objectives: In this retrospective observational study, we aimed to evaluate the association between different prehospital airway management variables and the occurrence of EOVAP. Read More

J Chemother 2019 Apr 16:1-7. Epub 2019 Apr 16.

a Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe , Valencia , Spain.

Effective treatment approaches for biofilms in endotracheal tubes (ETTs) are lacking. In this study, we evaluated the in vitro effects of five antimicrobials against biofilms formed by Klebsiella pneumoniae in ETTs. K. Read More

Indian J Anaesth 2019 Mar;63(3):194-199

Department of Anaesthesiology, Topiwala National Medical College and B.Y.L. Nair Ch. Hospital, Mumbai Central, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Background And Aims: Prognostication of chest trauma patients by scoring systems is of vital importance to predict morbidity and mortality. We aimed to predict outcomes in chest trauma patients using chest trauma scoring system (CTS) in Indian patients.

Methods: This was a prospective observational study done in a trauma care centre at a tertiary care teaching public hospital. Read More

Am J Infect Control 2019 Apr 12. Epub 2019 Apr 12.

Research Group of Surgery, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Division of Intensive Care, Department of Anesthesiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland.

Background: Considerable discrepancies have been observed in the implementation of strategies to liberate patients from mechanical ventilation. The aim of this study was to describe critical care nurses' knowledge of and self-reported and documented adherence to lung-protective ventilation, daily sedation interruption, and daily assessment of readiness to extubate and evaluate how these practices differ between patients with and without ventilator-associated pneumonia and between survivors and nonsurvivors.

Methods: The survey was conducted in a tertiary-level hospital in Finland from October 2014 to June 2015. Read More

Clin Microbiol Infect 2019 Apr 12. Epub 2019 Apr 12.

Infectious Diseases Department, Bellvitge University Hospital, IDIBELL, University of Barcelona, Spain; REIPI (Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Disease), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. Electronic address:

Background: Hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) are serious complications in transplant patients.

Objectives: The aim of this review is to summarize the evidence regarding nosocomial pneumonia in transplant recipients, including HAP in non-ventilated patients and VAP, and to identify future directions for improvement.

Sources: A comprehensive literature search in the PubMed/MEDLINE database was performed. Read More

Crit Care Med 2019 Apr 5. Epub 2019 Apr 5.

Section of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO.

Objectives: We sought to compare the performance of the 2008 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Pediatric criteria for ventilator-associated pneumonia, the 2013 Adult Ventilator-Associated Condition criteria, the new Draft Pediatric Ventilator-Associated Condition criteria, and physician-diagnosed ventilator-associated pneumonia in a cohort of PICU patients.

Design: Secondary analysis of a previously conducted prospective observational study.

Setting: PICU within a tertiary care children's hospital between April 1, 2010, and April 1, 2011. Read More

J Crit Care 2019 Mar 27;52:63-67. Epub 2019 Mar 27.

Harvard University School of Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, United States.

Purpose: To compare the differences in the presence of protocols aimed at addressing complications for neurologically injured patients vs. non-neurologic injured patients in a large sample of ICUs across the United States.

Materials And Methods: Prospective observational multi-center cohort study. Read More

Am J Infect Control 2019 Apr 11. Epub 2019 Apr 11.

Unidad de Investigación en Microbiología y Toxicología, Hospital Juárez de México.

Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is defined as pneumonia that occurs after 48 hours of endotracheal intubation and initiation of mechanical ventilation. The aim of this work was to use a micro-costing method to calculate the costs generated in 2017 for the care of patients with VAP at the Hospital Juárez de México.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional, retrospective, analytical, and observational study of the databases of the registry of health care-associated infections (HAIs) in 2017, in addition to a micro-costing study. Read More

J Cell Physiol 2019 Apr 10. Epub 2019 Apr 10.

Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tianjin Chest Hospital, Tianjin, China.

The aim of this study was to identify the association polymorphism (rs11536889) in the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of Toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4) and the risk for ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). miRNA database online and luciferase assays were used to validate TLR4 as the target gene of miR-1236. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis and western blot were used to analyze the level of TLR4 in different genotype groups. Read More

Front Pharmacol 2019 22;10:262. Epub 2019 Mar 22.

Department of Laboratory Medicine, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China.

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) infection caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) is becoming more prevalent, thus seriously affecting patient outcomes. In this paper, we studied the drug resistance mechanism and epidemiological characteristics of CRE, and analyzed the infection and prognosis factors of VAP caused by CRE, to provide evidence for effective control of nosocomial infection in patients with VAP. A total of 58 non-repetitive CRE strains of VAP were collected from January 2016 to June 2018. Read More

Clin Microbiol Infect 2019 Apr 6. Epub 2019 Apr 6.

Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA. Electronic address:

Background: The CDC expanded the purview of safety surveillance for ventilated patients from ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) to ventilator-associated events (VAE) in 2013. VAE definitions were created to simplify surveillance, increase objectivity, and broaden prevention efforts. Many U. Read More

Intensive Care Med Exp 2019 Apr 8;7(1):21. Epub 2019 Apr 8.

Hedenstierna laboratory, CIRRUS, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.

Background: P. aeruginosa is a pathogen frequently resistant to antibiotics and a common cause of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Non-antibiotic strategies to prevent or treat VAP are therefore of major interest. Read More

Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019 Apr 8. Epub 2019 Apr 8.

Institute for Clinical Pharmacodynamics, Inc., Schenectady, NY, USA.

Ertapenem provides activity against many pathogens commonly associated with hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumoniae (HABP and VABP, respectively), including methicillin-susceptible and numerous Gram-negative pathogens with one major gap in coverage - Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) target attainment analyses were conducted to evaluate ertapenem against the most prevalent Enterobacteriaceae causing HABP/VABP. The objective of these analyses was to provide dose selection support for and demonstrate the appropriateness of ertapenem to empirically treat patients with HABP/VABP when administered with murepavadin, a novel targeted antimicrobial exhibiting a highly specific spectrum of activity against A previously-developed population pharmacokinetic model, total-drug epithelial lining fluid to free-drug serum penetration ratio, contemporary surveillance data for ertapenem against Enterobacteriaceae, and %T>MIC targets associated with efficacy were used to conduct Monte Carlo simulations for five ertapenem regimens administered over short or prolonged durations of infusion. Overall total-drug ELF percent probabilities of PK-PD target attainment based on a %T>MIC target of 35% among simulated patients with HABP/VABP arising from Enterobacteriaceae based on pathogen prevalence data for nosocomial pneumonia ranged from 89. Read More

Am J Infect Control 2019 Apr 6. Epub 2019 Apr 6.

Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille, Hôpital Nord, Réanimation des Détresses Respiratoires et des Infections Sévères, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Université, School of Medicine - La Timone Medical Campus, CEReSS - Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, Marseille, France.

Background: The link between bacterial resistance and prognosis remains controversial. Predominant pathogen causing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa), which has increasingly become multidrug resistant (MDR). The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between MDR VAP Pa episodes and 30-day mortality. Read More

Crit Care 2019 Apr 5;23(1):111. Epub 2019 Apr 5.

Médecine Intensive Réanimation, CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France.

Background: Microaspiration of gastric and oropharyngeal secretions is the main mechanism of entry of bacteria into the lower respiratory tract in intubated critically ill patients. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of enteral nutrition, as compared with parenteral nutrition, on abundant microaspiration of gastric contents and oropharyngeal secretions.

Methods: Planned ancillary study of the randomized controlled multicenter NUTRIREA2 trial. Read More

BMC Health Serv Res 2019 Apr 5;19(1):218. Epub 2019 Apr 5.

School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.

Background: Post-acute care hospitals are often subject to patient flow pressures because of their intermediary position along the continuum of care between acute care hospitals and community care or residential long-term care settings. The purpose of this study was to identify patient attributes associated with a prolonged length of stay in Complex Continuing Care hospitals.

Methods: Using information collected using the interRAI Resident Assessment Instrument Minimum Data Set 2. Read More

Pediatr Crit Care Med 2019 Apr;20(4):398

Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas, Lima, Peru.

Front Pharmacol 2019 20;10:246. Epub 2019 Mar 20.

State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.

This study aimed to explore the intellectual landscape of the studies investigating the clinical application of enteral nutrition (EN) in patients with ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP), and to identify thematic development trends and research frontiers in this area. Scientometric research was conducted by analyzing bibliographic records retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection Database dated between 1996 and 2018. Reference co-citation analysis, key words co-occurrence analysis and cooperation network analysis were performed using CiteSpace software. Read More

J Infect Public Health 2019 Apr 1. Epub 2019 Apr 1.

Centre for Infectious Diseases Research, American University of Beirut, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, American University of Beirut, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Riad El-Solh, Beirut, Lebanon. Electronic address:

This is a retrospective medical file review of adult inpatients with Streptococcus pneumoniae infections admitted to a Lebanese hospital between 2006 and 2015. We revisited the clinical scenarios of these infections in view of increasing antibiotic resistance in Lebanon. One hundred and three patients were included; 92% were eligible for pneumococcal vaccination, yet none were vaccinated. Read More

Respir Care 2019 Apr;64(4):473-483

School of Medicine, University of Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile.

Background: Previous studies that evaluated mortality in elderly subjects who received mechanical ventilation had conflicting results. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effects of age on mortality.

Methods: A number of medical literature databases and the references listed (from 1974 to May 2015) were searched for studies that compared 2 different age groups. Read More

East Mediterr Health J 2019 Mar 19;25(2):90-97. Epub 2019 Mar 19.

Department of Nursing, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran.

Background: Surveillance of health care-associated infections (HCAIs) is an integral part of infection control programmes, especially in intensive care units (ICUs). Device-associated infections (DAIs) are a major threat to patient safety.

Aim: To measure DAI rates in ICUs. Read More

J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2019 Apr 1. Epub 2019 Apr 1.

Division of Trauma and Critical Care, Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.

Background: Ventilator-associated events (VAE), using objective diagnostic criteria, are the preferred quality indicator for patients requiring mechanical ventilation (MV) for greater than 48 hours. We aim to identify the occurrence of VAE in our trauma population, the impact on survival, and length of stay, as compared to the traditional definition of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).

Methods: This retrospective review included adult trauma patients, who were Washington residents, admitted between 2012 and 2017, and required at least 3 days of MV. Read More

Clin Microbiol Infect 2019 Mar 25. Epub 2019 Mar 25.

Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Objectives: Conducting manual surveillance of non-ventilator-associated hospital-acquired pneumonia (nvHAP) using ECDC (European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control) surveillance criteria is very resource intensive. We developed and validated a semi-automated surveillance system for nvHAP, and describe nvHAP incidence and aetiology at our hospital.

Methods: We applied an automated classification algorithm mirroring ECDC definition criteria to distinguish patients 'not at risk' from patients 'at risk' for suffering from nvHAP. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2019 Mar;98(13):e15078

Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea.

Acute lung injury following lung resection surgery is not rare and often related to mortality. Although it has been a significant clinical and economic impact associated with increased intensive care unit (ICU) utilization, length of hospital stay, and associated cost, it is unpredictable. Aims of this study were to identify the modifiable risk factors of postoperative acute lung injury (PALI) following lung cancer surgery. Read More

ERJ Open Res 2019 Feb 25;5(1). Epub 2019 Mar 25.

CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Madrid, Spain.

Introduction: Diagnosing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) remains challenging. Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) has prognostic value in critically ill patients with systemic infection. We hypothesised that plasma suPAR levels accurately predict development of VAP. Read More

Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019 Apr 27;63(4). Epub 2019 Mar 27.

Becton, Dickinson and Company, Franklin Lakes, New Jersey, USA

is an important pathogen associated with significant morbidity and mortality. U.S. Read More

West J Nurs Res 2019 Mar 27:193945919838990. Epub 2019 Mar 27.

2 Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

This study aims to examine the associations between nurses' perceptions of patient safety culture, patient safety competency, and adverse events. Using convenience sampling, we conducted a cross-sectional study from February to May 2018 in two university hospitals. Furthermore, we performed multiple logistic regression to examine associations between patient safety culture, patient safety competency, and adverse events. Read More

Laryngoscope 2019 Mar 25. Epub 2019 Mar 25.

Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Enhancement, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A.

Objectives/hypothesis: Combined anterior and posterior tracheobronchopexy is a novel surgical approach for the management of severe tracheobronchomalacia (TBM). We present our institutional experience with this procedure. Our objective was to determine the utility and safety of anterior and posterior tracheopexy in the treatment of severe TBM. Read More

J Thorac Dis 2019 Feb;11(Suppl 2):S130-S140

Thoracic Surgery Department, 'Nouvel Hôpital Civil', University Hospital Strasbourg, 67000 Strasbourg, France.

Background: Surgical repair has demonstrated a beneficial effect on outcome for patients presenting with flail chest or with multiple rib fractures. We hypothesized that benefit on outcome parameters concerns predominantly patients being extubated within 24 hours post-operatively.

Methods: We prospectively recorded all patients presenting with chest traumatism eligible for surgical repair with anticipated early extubation according to our institutional consensus (flail chest, major deformity, poor pain control, associated lesions requiring thoracotomy). Read More

Lancet Respir Med 2019 Apr 18;7(4):303-312. Epub 2019 Mar 18.

CHU de Poitiers, Médecine Intensive Réanimation, Poitiers, France; équipe 5 ALIVE, INSERM, CIC-1402, Poitiers, France; Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie de Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.

Background: Non-invasive ventilation has never been compared with high-flow oxygen to determine whether it reduces the risk of severe hypoxaemia during intubation. We aimed to determine if preoxygenation with non-invasive ventilation was more efficient than high-flow oxygen in reducing the risk of severe hypoxaemia during intubation.

Methods: The FLORALI-2 multicentre, open-label trial was done in 28 intensive care units in France. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2019 Mar;98(12):e14923

Evidence-Based Nursing Center, School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, China.

Background: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is defined as pneumonia develops in intensive care unit (ICU) patients who have been mechanically ventilated for at least 48 hours. Implementing effective oral car could reduce the incidence of VAP. However, previous studies on scrubs in oral care have failed to suggest which the best choice. Read More

J Patient Saf 2019 Mar 20. Epub 2019 Mar 20.

Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD.

Objectives: Mechanical ventilation increases the risk of hospital-acquired conditions (HACs) such as ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and pressure injury (PrI). Beds with continuous lateral rotation therapy (CLRT) are shown to reduce HAC incidence, but the value of switching to CLRT beds is presently unknown. We compared the cost-effectiveness of CLRT beds with standard care in intensive care units. Read More

Sci Rep 2019 Mar 18;9(1):4720. Epub 2019 Mar 18.

EA3826 Université de Nantes, IRS2 Nantes Biotech, Nantes Cedex 1, F-44100, France.

Treatment with antibiotics leads to the selection of isolates with increased resistance. We investigated if evolution towards resistance was associated with virulence changes, in the context of P. aeruginosa ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Read More

Antibiotics (Basel) 2019 Mar 16;8(1). Epub 2019 Mar 16.

Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago, 833 South Wood Street, Room 164 (M/C 886), Chicago, IL 60612, USA.

Despite advancements in therapy, pneumonia remains the leading cause of death due to infectious diseases. Novel treatment strategies are desperately needed to optimize the antimicrobial therapy of patients suffering from this disease. One such strategy that has recently garnered significant attention is the use of inhaled antibiotics to rapidly achieve therapeutic concentrations directly at the site of infection. Read More

J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2019 Mar 13. Epub 2019 Mar 13.

Division of Pediatric General Surgery, UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland, CA.

Background: Early tracheostomy has been associated with shorter hospital stay and fewer complications in adult trauma patients. Guidelines for tracheostomy have not been established for children with severe TBI. The purpose of this study was to 1) define nationwide trends in time to extubation and time to tracheostomy; and 2) determine if early tracheostomy is associated with decreased length of stay and fewer complications in children with severe TBI. Read More

Infez Med 2019 Mar;27(1):11-16

Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece.

Acinetobacter baumannii has evolved in recent decades as a major problem in carbapenem-resistant gram-negative nosocomial infections, associated with high mortality rates especially in intensive care units (ICUs). Recent reports highlight the increasing prevalence of resistance to colistin, a last resort therapeutic option for carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii. Read More

Emerg Infect Dis 2019 Apr;25(4):710-718

In a prospective, nationwide study in France of Escherichia coli responsible for pneumonia in patients receiving mechanical ventilation, we determined E. coli antimicrobial susceptibility, phylotype, O-type, and virulence factor gene content. We compared 260 isolates with those of 2 published collections containing commensal and bacteremia isolates. Read More