Dermatol Surg 2018 Feb 15. Epub 2018 Feb 15.

Department of Dermatology, Keck Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, California.

Background: Endovenous thermal ablation is a popular treatment for varicose veins of the greater saphenous vein. Two common techniques of thermal ablation are endovenous laser therapy (EVLT) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA).

Objective: The authors compare EVLT and RFA in vein therapy. Read More

J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord 2018 May 10;6(3):338-346.e1. Epub 2018 Feb 10.

Department of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. Electronic address:

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the current clinical practice and management strategies for varicose veins among Chinese physicians in general and in specific case vignettes.

Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted among 726 Chinese physicians who were attending the vascular surgery academic conferences during August 2016 to May 2017 in China. Physicians were eligible if they were familiar with several currently used treatment techniques for varicose veins. Read More

J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord 2018 Mar 29;6(2):256-270. Epub 2017 Dec 29.

Department of Vascular Surgery, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.

Background: Early studies have demonstrated that endovenous therapy for varicose veins is associated with a faster recovery and lower complication rates compared with conventional therapy. More than one million procedures have been performed worldwide. The objective of this study was to determine long-term efficacy of currently available endovenous therapy methods for varicose veins compared with conventional surgery (saphenofemoral ligation and stripping of great saphenous vein [GSV] with or without multiple avulsions) in management of GSV-related varicose veins. Read More

J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord 2018 Mar 2;6(2):220-223. Epub 2017 Nov 2.

Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom. Electronic address:

Background: The correct positioning of the laser tip at the saphenofemoral or saphenopopliteal junction during endovenous laser therapy is paramount to ensure a safe and effective procedure. The aim of this study was to demonstrate how patient positioning and tumescence infiltration can affect this safe junctional distance.

Methods: A retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database was carried out for all patients who received endovenous laser treatment for symptomatic varicose veins between February 2008 and February 2014 in one surgeon's practice in a teaching hospital vascular unit. Read More

Clin Privil White Pap 2017 Oct(215):1-19

Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2017 Dec 14;54(6):760-770. Epub 2017 Oct 14.

Department of Dermatology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address:

Objectives: The most frequently used treatment options for great saphenous vein incompetence are high ligation with stripping (HL+S), endovenous thermal ablation (EVTA), mainly consisting of endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) or radiofrequency ablation, and ultrasound guided foam sclerotherapy (UGFS). The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare the long-term efficacy of these different treatment modalities.

Methods: A systematic literature search was performed. Read More

Phlebology 2017 12 3;32(10):682-683. Epub 2017 Oct 3.

3 Department of Vascular Surgery, 8124 University Medical Center, Utrecht , The Netherlands.

Angiol Sosud Khir 2017;23(3):177-182

Medical Centre 'Akson', Saratov Region, Balakovo, Russia.

The problem regarding treatment of patients suffering from lower limb varicose veins remains a matter of current concern and is important today because of high prevalence of the pathology concerned and a steadily growing number of newly diagnosed cases. Mention should be made that both Russian and foreign phlebologists along with an open surgical operation on veins have more and more often been using minimally invasive endovenous techniques in comprehensive management of patients presenting with varicose veins. The present article is a literature review dedicated to a detailed discussion of two most commonly performed and efficient procedures, namely, radiofrequency ablation of lower limb veins and endovasal laser coagulation. Read More

Expert Rev Med Devices 2017 Oct;14(10):755-762

d Department of Surgery , Jeroen Bosch Hospital , 's-Hertogenbosch , The Netherlands.

Introduction: The treatment of incompetent truncal veins has been innovated by the introduction of minimally invasive non-thermal non-tumescent (NTNT) techniques. One of these consists of the use of cyanoacrylate glue to occlude the vein lumen by means of the VenaSeal device. Areas covered: This expert-review aims to evaluate NTNT ablation of incompetent saphenous trunks using the VenaSeal device. Read More

Vasc Health Risk Manag 2017 10;13:305-309. Epub 2017 Aug 10.

Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Background: Endoluminal laser ablation is now considered the method of choice for treating greater saphenous vein insufficiency. General anesthesia and peripheral nerve blocks with sedation have the risk of post-procedural delay in discharge and prolonged immobilization with the risk of deep vein thrombosis. The main pain experienced by patients during the procedure is during the laser ablation and the multiple needle punctures given along and around the great saphenous vein. Read More

Phlebology 2017 12 1;32(10):679-681. Epub 2017 Aug 1.

2 Vascular Service, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore.

Rev Med Suisse 2017 Mar;13(554):618-622

Service d'angiologie, CHUV, 1011 Lausanne.

Interventional treatment of venous insufficiency has been revolutionized by endovascular techniques. Some of these techniques, and particularly thermal ablation (endovenous laser, radiofrequency) are now recommended as first-line therapy in the latest international guidelines. This is because of less post-operative pain, a shorter leave from employment and similar or lower recurrence rate. Read More

J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord 2017 Jul 12;5(4):525-532. Epub 2017 May 12.

Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC.

Background: The Effect of Surgery and Compression on Healing and Recurrence (ESCHAR) trial previously reported that patients with venous leg ulcers treated with saphenous stripping experienced a significantly reduced incidence of ulcer recurrence compared with patients treated with compression therapy. Most patients with leg ulcers and saphenous insufficiency are currently treated with endovenous thermal ablation (EVTA), but little information is available on the long-term results after EVTA in Clinical, Etiology, Anatomy, and Pathophysiology (CEAP) clinical class 5 (C5) and class 6 (C6) patients.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all CEAP C5 or C6 patients treated with EVTA to define the incidence of ulcer healing and recurrence. Read More

Pediatr Radiol 2017 Sep 18;47(10):1353-1363. Epub 2017 May 18.

Image Guided Therapy, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.

Background: Endovenous laser ablation is well recognized as the first-line treatment for superficial venous reflux with varicose veins in adults. It is not widely reported and is not an established practice in pediatric patients.

Objective: To illustrate a variety of pediatric venous conditions in which endovenous laser ablation can be utilized and to demonstrate its feasibility and safety in children. Read More

Lasers Med Sci 2017 Jul 2;32(5):1105-1110. Epub 2017 May 2.

Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.

Endovenous laser ablation is an effective and minimally invasive alternative to surgical removal of incompetent veins. However, many controversies concerning optimal laser parameters usage in this procedure still remain. The purpose of this experimental study was to assess the adequate parameters required for vein wall destruction and to evaluate the role of fiber pullback velocity on vessel wall degradation. Read More

J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord 2017 May 6;5(3):339-345. Epub 2017 Mar 6.

Department of Surgery, New-Tokyo Hospital, Chiba, Japan.

Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical results and postoperative complications, especially recanalization or bleeding complications, in patients with saphenous varicose veins undergoing endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) while receiving antithrombotic therapy (ATT).

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 1136 Japanese patients undergoing EVLA with a 980-nm diode laser between January 2012 and November 2015 at our institution. The patients were divided into two groups: ATT users (ATT group) and nonusers (control group). Read More

J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord 2017 May 6;5(3):321-330. Epub 2017 Mar 6.

Inovia Vein Specialty Center, Bend, Ore.

Objective: Endovenous cyanoacrylate closure (CAC) is a new U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved therapy for treatment of clinically symptomatic venous reflux in saphenous veins. Read More

Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2017 05 10;53(5):710-716. Epub 2017 Apr 10.

Department of Vascular Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital and Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the mid-term ulcer recurrence rate in patients with healed or active venous ulcers treated with endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) for incompetent superficial axial veins and to search for possible risk factors for non-healing and recurrence.

Methods: Consecutive patients treated with EVLA because of a healed or active venous ulcer between 2006 and 2013 were identified in the medical records and quality registry and invited to follow-up, including clinical history, study examination, Duplex ultrasound scanning, ankle brachial pressure, photoplethysmography, venous clinical severity score (VCSS), and health related quality of life (HRQoL) measured with EQ5D. Of 228 patients, 170 (195 legs) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Read More

Aust Fam Physician 2017 ;46(4):229-233

Background: The UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence released new guidelines in 2013 recommending that endovenous thermal ablation (laser or radiofrequency) and ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy should be offered before conventional surgery for treat-ment of varicose veins and saphenous vein reflux.

Objective: The aim of this article is to provide a synopsis of current international guidelines and recent advances for the treatment of varicose veins.

Discussion: Conventional surgery involving classical high ligation and stripping of the saphenous vein has been standard practice for nearly a century. Read More

Biomed Res Int 2017 20;2017:6167480. Epub 2017 Feb 20.

Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Długa 1/2 Str., 61-848 Poznań, Poland.

Here we compared effect of serum from varicose patients undergoing endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) and classic vein stripping (CVS) on biological properties of endothelial cells and on the local and systemic profiles of proinflammatory agents. Results showed that serum from EVLA patients improved proliferation and reduced senescence and oxidative stress in the endothelial cells, as compared with the serum from CVS patients. These effects were related to a suppressed activity of TGF-1, the level of which in the serum from the EVLA patients was decreased. Read More

Int Angiol 2017 Jun 17;36(3):281-288. Epub 2017 Feb 17.

The Danish Vein Centers and Surgical Center Roskilde, Naestved, Denmark.

Background: This study compares the outcome 5 years after treatment of varicose veins with endovenous radiofrequency ablation (RFA), endovenous laser ablation (EVLA), ultrasound guided foam sclerotherapy (UGFS) or high ligation and stripping (HL/S) by assessing technical efficacy, clinical recurrence and the rate of reoperations.

Methods: Five hundred patients (580 legs) with Great Saphenous Vein (GSV) reflux and varicose veins were randomized to one of the 4 treatments. Follow-up included clinical and duplex ultrasound examinations. Read More

J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord 2017 Mar 12;5(2):210-215. Epub 2017 Jan 12.

Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.

Objective: The endovenous application of n-butyl cyanoacrylate (NBCA) is a new nontumescent ablation technique for the treatment of venous insufficiency. The aim of this study was to retrospectively compare an NBCA-based ablation method with endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) for the management of incompetent great saphenous veins.

Methods: Between May 2013 and August 2014, there were 339 patients with incompetent varicose veins who were treated with either the endovenous application of NBCA (VariClose Vein Sealing System [VVSS]; Biolas, Ankara, Turkey) or EVLA. Read More

Int Angiol 2017 Aug 31;36(4):368-374. Epub 2017 Jan 31.

Novosibirsk State Budget Research Institute of Circulation Pathology, Ministry for Public Healthcare of the Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, Russia.

Background: The aim of study was to estimate the safety and efficacy of using laser wavelength of 1560 nm with the foam sclerotherapy (FS) of varicose veins (VVs) for the treatment of severe primary chronic venous insufficiency (CVI, C4-C6) in patients with different diameters of the proximal segment (DPS) of the great saphenous vein (GSV).

Methods: We have separated the patients into two groups depending on the size of GSV: group 1 (281 cases; DPS of GSV less than 15 mm) and group 2 (210 cases; DPS of GSV more than 15 mm). Both groups received the endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) of the saphenous vein trunk, incompetent perforator veins (IPs) and FS (Tessari method) of VVs. Read More

Int J Surg 2017 Mar 21;39:267-275. Epub 2017 Jan 21.

Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.

Purpose: To investigate and compare the relative efficacy, recurrence and complications of endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for the treatment of varicose veins patients.

Methods: Searches were applied to the Cochrane Library as well as MEDLINE, EMBASE, BIOSIS databases. 12 articles published in English (10 randomized controlled trials and 2 cohort study) were identified from specialized trails. Read More

Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2017 02 4;53(2):299. Epub 2017 Jan 4.

Sint-Andriesziekenhuis, Tielt, Belgium. Electronic address:

Phlebology 2018 02 6;33(1):68-69. Epub 2017 Jan 6.

The Vein Clinic Limited, Spire South Bank Hospital, Worcester, UK.

Vasa 2017 Mar 16;46(2):96-100. Epub 2016 Dec 16.

1 Praxis für Innere Medizin und Gefäßkrankheiten, Halle (Saale), Germany.

Treating varicose veins using endovenous thermal techniques - especially laser and radio frequency ablation - has emerged as an effective alternative to open surgery with stripping and high ligation. Even though these methods are very gentle and patient-friendly, they are nevertheless accompanied by risks and side effects. Compared to open surgical therapy, the risk of damage to peripheral and motor nerves is reduced; however, it still exists as a result of heat exposure and tumescent anaesthesia. Read More

Angiol Sosud Khir 2016;22(4):97-101

Department of Pathological Anatomy and Forensic Medicine of the South Ural State Medical University under the Public Health Ministry of the Russian Federation, Chelyabinsk, Russia.

Aim: The study was aimed at assessing efficacy of using rivaroxaban for treatment of endothermal heat-induced thrombosis (EHIT) after endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) of saphenous veins.

Material And Methods: Our prospective study included a total of 1,326 patients subjected to 1,514 EVLAs. In 1,091 (72. Read More

Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016 11 29;11:CD010878. Epub 2016 Nov 29.

Academic Vascular Unit, The University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, UK, S1 4DA.

Background: Short (or small) saphenous vein (SSV) varices occur as a result of an incompetent sapheno-popliteal junction, where the SSV joins the popliteal vein, resulting in reflux in the SSV; they account for about 15% of varicose veins. Untreated varicose veins may sometimes lead to ulceration of the leg, which is difficult to manage. Traditionally, treatment was restricted to surgery or conservative management. Read More

Swiss Med Wkly 2016 12;146:w14360. Epub 2016 Nov 12.

Department of Angiology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.

Varicose veins of the lower extremity (VVLE) are a frequently encountered vascular disorder in the general population. The general view that VVLE are a non-serious disease with primarily aesthetic impact is a common misconception, as the disease can have a significant negative impact on generic and disease-specific quality of life. Further, VVLE may be associated with potentially threatening clinical conditions, such as chronic venous ulceration, venous thromboembolism and haemorrhage from ruptured varicose veins. Read More

Laser Ther 2016 Oct;25(3):171-177

Department of Operation Team, International University of Health and Welfare, Shioya Hospital.

In Japan, stripping under general anesthesia, lumbar anesthesia and tumescent local anesthesia has been used in the treatment of primary varicose veins due to saphenous vein insufficiency. However endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) using a 980 nm diode laser has received National Health Insurance (NHI) coverage in 2011, while EVLA using a 1470 nm diode laser with a radial 2-ring fiber has received coverage in 2014. As a result, the use of EVLA has become widespread in Japan. Read More

Vascular 2016 Dec 28;24(6):649-657. Epub 2016 Apr 28.

Department of Surgery, Kanizsai Dorottya Hospital, Nagykanizsa, Hungary

Objective: The aim of this review article was to evaluate the long-term technical success rates of the known endovenous ablation procedures in the treatment of the incompetence of the great saphenous vein.

Methods: A literature search was conducted in the PubMed-database until the 5 January 2016. All publications with four to five years follow-up were eligible. Read More

Ann Vasc Surg 2017 Feb 22;39:286.e11-286.e14. Epub 2016 Sep 22.

Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, St. Mary's Hospital, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan.

We report a case of pulsatile varicose veins successfully managed by endovenous laser treatment (EVLT) of the great saphenous vein (GSV). A 77-year-old woman taking an anticoagulant was transferred to our hospital for pulsatile varicose veins complicated with repeated venous bleeding from an ulcer of her left lower leg. Doppler echocardiography showed severe tricuspid regurgitation, and duplex ultrasonography revealed an arterial-like pulsating flow in the saphenofemoral junction and along the GSV, but an arteriovenous fistula, obstruction of the deep veins, and the distal incompetent perforators were not detected. Read More

Int Angiol 2016 Dec 29;35(6):599-604. Epub 2015 Sep 29.

Department of Vascular Surgery, Children ABC Hospital, Mater Dei Hospital and Vascular BH Institute, Belo Horizonte, Brazil -

Background: The aim of this study was to compare venous occlusion rates at a one-year follow-up comparing 1920-nm versus 1470-nm endolaser.

Methods: Randomized prospective study with consecutive patients with varicose veins associated to great saphenous reflux. The 1470-nm laser ablation was performed in continuous mode, with power of 10 W, while for the 1920-nm it was set in 5 W. Read More

Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2016 Dec 17;52(6):847-853. Epub 2016 Oct 17.

Department of Vascular Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University, School of Medicine, Vascular Center of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, China. Electronic address:

Objective: The hypothesis that post-operative short-term compression therapy improves operation related complications in patients with uncomplicated varicose veins after endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) treatment was tested.

Methods: In this randomized trial, patients with uncomplicated varicose veins (C2 according to the CEAP classification) treated with EVLA at a single institution from January 2012 to November 2013 were enrolled. Before EVLA, patients were randomized into two groups based on whether or not (control group) they wore an elastic compression stocking (ECS group) post-operatively. Read More

J Endovasc Ther 2017 02 15;24(1):156-158. Epub 2016 Oct 15.

1 Vascular Service, Changi General Hospital, Singapore.

Lakartidningen 2016 10 4;113. Epub 2016 Oct 4.

Narva Kirurg Center - Stockholm, Sweden Narva Kirurg Center - Stockholm, Sweden.

Modern management of varicose veins Chronic venous disease is a common medical condition and occurs in about one-third of the adult population. Reflux, and to a much lesser extent obstruction of the superficial and deep venous systems, generates venous hypertension. The goal of the treatment is to reduce venous hypertension in order to prevent complications, progression of venous disease and to improve patients' quality of life. Read More

Vasc Endovascular Surg 2016 Oct 28;50(7):475-483. Epub 2016 Sep 28.

First Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Second Faculty of Medicine with the English Division and the Physiotherapy Division, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.

Introduction: Thermal ablation techniques have gradually replaced Babcock procedure in varicose vein treatment.

Aim: A comparative quantitative-qualitative analysis of complications and failure of endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in a 5-year follow-up.

Materials And Methods: One hundred ten adult participants with varicose veins clinical grade C to C, treated for isolated great saphenous vein (GSV) or small saphenous vein (SSV) insufficiency in a single lower extremity in 2009 to 2010, were enrolled and subdivided into EVLA (n = 56) and RFA (n = 54) groups. Read More

J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord 2016 Oct 8;4(4):416-21. Epub 2016 Aug 8.

Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom. Electronic address:

Objective: The aim of this preliminary study was to document the effect of treated great saphenous vein (GSV) length on short-term outcomes using freedom from secondary intervention as a marker.

Methods: Analysis was performed of a prospective database of endovascular laser therapy (EVLT) procedures performed by a single surgeon in an NHS hospital setting using a standardized technique in a series of consecutive ambulatory patients. During a 2-year period, 131 episodes with sufficient data were recorded. Read More

Korean J Radiol 2016 Sep-Oct;17(5):823. Epub 2016 Aug 23.

Department of Radiology, GATA Haydarpaşa Teaching Hospital, Üsküdar, İstanbul 34668, Turkey.

Br J Surg 2016 Oct 26;103(11):1438-44. Epub 2016 Aug 26.

Department of Vascular Surgery, University of Helsinki, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.

Background: Endovenous ablation techniques and ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy (UGFS) have largely replaced open surgery for treatment of great saphenous varicose veins. This was a randomized trial to compare the effect of surgery, endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) (with phlebectomies) and UGFS on quality of life and the occlusion rate of the great saphenous vein (GSV) 12 months after surgery.

Methods: Patients with symptomatic, uncomplicated varicose veins (CEAP class C2-C4) were examined at baseline, 1 month and 1 year. Read More

Trials 2016 08 24;17(1):421. Epub 2016 Aug 24.

Academic Vascular Unit, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, HU3 2JZ, UK.

Background: Endovenous thermal techniques, such as endovenous laser ablation (EVLA), are the recommended treatment for truncal varicose veins. However, a disadvantage of thermal techniques is that it requires the administration of tumescent anaesthesia, which can be uncomfortable. Non-thermal, non-tumescent techniques, such as mechanochemical ablation (MOCA) have potential benefits. Read More

J Biophotonics 2017 Aug 10;10(8):997-1007. Epub 2016 Aug 10.

Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, Korea.

Endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) has frequently been used to treat varicose veins for 20 years. In spite of 90˜95% occlusion rates, clinical complications such as burn and ecchymosis still occur due to excessive thermal injury to perivenous tissue. In the current study, a glass-capped diffusing applicator is designed to validate the feasibility of EVLA as an effective therapeutic device by applying circumferential light distribution. Read More

Dermatol Surg 2016 Aug;42(8):961-6

*Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California; †Division of Dermatology, University of Florida, Gainsville, Florida; ‡Scripps Clinic Department of Mohs Surgery, La Jolla, California; §Department of Dermatology, University of Texas San Antonio; ‖Scripps Clinic Vein Center, San Diego, California.

Background: Venous ulcers are very common with few curative treatment options.

Objective: To report the closure rate and clinical characteristics of active venous ulcers in a vein clinic using endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) with a 1,320-nm laser.

Methods And Materials: A prospective database was kept consisting of patients with an active venous ulcer at the time of consultation in a single-practitioner academic vein clinic from March 2007 to May 2014. Read More

Praxis (Bern 1994) 2016 Jul;105(14):813-9

2 Angiologie, Universitätsspital Basel.

Venous leg symptoms are frequent, but their relevance is frequently underestimated. With the introduction of effective, minimal-invasive endovenous treatment modalities the treatment of varicose veins has recently made major advances. The basis of every treatment decision is a competent anamnesis, clinical investigation and duplex scan. Read More

Phlebology 2017 Jun 15;32(5):322-333. Epub 2016 Jun 15.

Academic Vascular Surgical Unit, Hull York Medical School / Hull Royal Infirmary, Hull, UK.

Objectives To produce a tumescent anaesthesia solution with physiological pH for endovenous thermal ablation and evaluate its influence on peri- and postoperative pain, clinical and quality of life outcomes, and technical success. Methods Tumescent anaesthetic solution (0.1% lidocaine with 1:2,000,000 epinephrine) was titrated to physiological pH by buffering with 2 ml incremental aliquots of 8. Read More

Wien Med Wochenschr 2016 Jun 13;166(9-10):297-301. Epub 2016 Jun 13.

VENEX - Zentrum für minimal invasive Venentherapie und ästhetische Dermatologie, Alser Strasse 47, 1080, Wien, Österreich.

In the past 15 years, the minimally invasive endovenous treatments of varicose veins have been widely accepted. The efficacy of the different endovenous methods and the minimal post operative side effects are meanwhile well documented in a large number of evidence based publications. The recent NICE Guidelines (2013) considering the varicose vein treatment recommend in case of an insufficiency of saphenous veins first the endovenous thermal ablation with radiofrequency or laser, then the ultrasound guided sclerotherapy and as the third line the classic surgical treatment with stripping and high ligation. Read More

Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2016 Aug 1;52(2):242. Epub 2016 Jun 1.

Department of Vascular Surgery, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain. Electronic address:

Klin Khir 2016 Feb(2):48-51

Abstract The results of endovascular laser ablation (EVLA) under ultrasonographic control in treatment of the lower extremities varicose disease (LEVD) in 189 patients (214 extremities) were analyzed. There was established, that for the trustworthy information obtaining the ultrasonographic duplex angioscanning conduction is necessary. The fibrous involution of a big subcutaneous vein trunk was achieved in (97. Read More

Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2016 Aug 25;52(2):268. Epub 2016 May 25.

Department of Vascular Surgery, University Hospital North Midlands, Stoke-on-Trent, UK. Electronic address: