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J Clin Med 2022 Apr 28;11(9). Epub 2022 Apr 28.

Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical, Anestesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.

Background: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is a rheumatic condition of childhood that is frequently associated with anterior chronic uveitis. Evidence suggests that uveitis may persist up to adulthood in some cases, possibly causing severe visual impairment.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study on a series of patients aged 16 years or older with JIA-related active uveitis who were referred to the Uveitis Service of Sapienza University of Rome from 1990 to 2019 to evaluate the characteristics of ocular disease in patients with JIA-associated uveitis (JIA-U) who still exhibit uveitis in adulthood. Read More

Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2022 Feb 28:1-10. Epub 2022 Feb 28.

Research Center of Systemic Autoinflammatory Diseases and Behçet's Disease, and Rheumatology-Ophthalmology Collaborative Uveitis Center, Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.

Posterior idiopathic scleritis is the most common type of scleritis observed in childhood. Nevertheless, anterior and even necrotizing inflammatory scleritis may occur as well. Although less frequently than in the adult population, scleral inflammation can be associated with systemic disorders, which should be promptly recognized and treated to avoid both ocular and systemic complications. Read More

Br J Ophthalmol 2022 Feb 23. Epub 2022 Feb 23.

Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health Population Policy and Practice, London, UK

Background/aims: Anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) assessment of anterior chamber inflammation is an emerging tool. We describe the performance of AS-OCT in a paediatric population.

Methods: A mixed-methods prospective study, using routine clinical assessment as reference standard, and AS-OCT, with Tomey CASIA2 or Heidelberg Spectralis HS1, as index test, with data collected on patient perceptions of imaging. Read More

Adv Biomed Res 2021 25;10:50. Epub 2021 Dec 25.

Students Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.

Usher syndrome is a heterogeneous genetic disease that is the most common cause of hereditary blindness-deafness. This syndrome is the most prevalent syndrome associated with retinitis pigmentosa. A 25-year-old man referred to us with hearing loss and vision diminution since childhood which has gradually worsened. Read More

Indian J Pediatr 2022 Apr 3;89(4):358-363. Epub 2021 Nov 3.

Pediatric Allergy Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigrah, 160012, India.

Objective: To describe the experience of managing chronic childhood uveitis from a tertiary care center in India.

Methods: All children diagnosed as chronic uveitis between January 2005 and December 2012 and on follow-up in Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic and Uveitis Clinic, were eligible for enrollment. Information regarding demographics, type of uveitis, treatment, complications, and surgical procedures was obtained from clinic records. Read More

Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2021 Oct 14:1-5. Epub 2021 Oct 14.

Population, Policy and Practice Department of Research and Teaching, UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, London, UK.

Background: We describe an investigation of temporal trends in the incidence of childhood uveitis-related hospital admissions, hospitalization being a robust indicator of disease severity.

Methods: A population-based retrospective study using a hospitalization database, the Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) dataset, capturing data on care between 2013 and 2020. Primary outcomes were rates of pediatric hospital admissions for uveitis-related disorders. Read More

Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2021 11 27;47(4):619-641. Epub 2021 Aug 27.

Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnett Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Division of Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA. Electronic address:

Childhood noninfectious uveitis leads to sight-threatening complications. Idiopathic chronic anterior uveitis and juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis are most common. Inflammation arises from an immune response against antigens within the eye. Read More

Trials 2021 Oct 9;22(1):689. Epub 2021 Oct 9.

Pediatric Immunology-Hematology and Rheumatology Unit, RAISE reference centre for rare diseases, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris, IMAGINE Institute, Université de Paris, Paris, France.

Background: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common pediatric rheumatic disease and the most common systemic disorder associated with uveitis in childhood. Uveitis is more common in JIA patients who are antinuclear antibody (ANA)-positive, have an early-onset disease, and have oligoarticular arthritis. JIA-associated uveitis (JIA-uveitis) is typically anterior, chronic, bilateral, nongranulomatous, and asymptomatic. Read More

Clin Exp Rheumatol 2021 Sep-Oct;39 Suppl 132(5):94-101. Epub 2021 Sep 17.

Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, Division of Rheumatology, St. Joseph's Health Care, London, Ontario, Canada.

Objectives: Children and adults may develop Behçet's disease (BD), often with ocular involvement such as uveitis. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and type of ocular manifestations in childhood and adult BD.

Methods: Medline, Web of Science and Cochrane databases were searched from inception to October 5, 2018 to identify publications related to Behçet's disease comprising minimum twenty patients and providing the frequency of ocular manifestations (OC). Read More

Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021 07;62(9):19

Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, The Netherlands.

Purpose: Classical alleles of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex have been linked to specific entities of pediatric noninfectious uveitis, yet genetic predisposition encoded by the HLA super-locus across the patient population remains understudied.

Methods: We performed next-generation full-length sequencing of HLA-A, HLA-B, HLA-C, HLA-DPB1, HLA-DQB1, and HLA-DRB1 in 280 cases. Dense genotype data from 499 Dutch controls from Genome of the Netherlands were imputed using an HLA-specific reference panel (n = 5225 samples from European ancestry). Read More

Turk J Pediatr 2021 ;63(3):527-532

Department of Ophthalmology, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Education and Research Hospital, Niğde, Turkey.

Background: Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Syndrome is rare in childhood and is usually seen between the 2nd and 5th decades. We present a 15-year-old girl with findings of incomplete Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Syndrome.

Case: In the first visit, anterior chamber inflammation, vitritis, serous retinal detachment and papillitis were observed in her both eyes. Read More

Ann Eye Sci 2021 Jun 15;6. Epub 2021 Jun 15.

Emory Eye Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common rheumatic disease of childhood, and juvenile idiopathic associated uveitis (JIA-U) is the most frequently noted extra-articular manifestation. JIA-U can present asymptomatically and lead to ocular complications, so regular screening and monitoring are needed to prevent potentially sight-threatening sequelae. Topical glucocorticoids such as prednisolone acetate are usually the first line of treatment for anterior uveitis associated with JIA-U, but long-term use may be associated with cataract, ocular hypertension and glaucoma. Read More

Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2021 May 20:1-5. Epub 2021 May 20.

Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.

To investigate the UBM characteristics of presumed trematode-induced granulomatous uveitis. Prospective case series. Thirty patients who presented with anterior chamber (AC) granuloma were included. Read More

Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2021 Apr 14;238(4):469-473. Epub 2021 Apr 14.

Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.

Purpose: To investigate demographics and causes of pediatric uveitis in a Swiss tertiary reference center over a 20-year period.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective cohort study on patients with uveitis aged less than 16 years seen at Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2019.

Results: Out of 2846 patients with uveitis seen in the Jules-Gonin Eye Hospital Ocular Immune-Infectiology Department, 317 (11. Read More

Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2021 Apr 7:1-15. Epub 2021 Apr 7.

Brazilian Society of Pediatric Ophthalmology (SBOP), Sao Paulo/SP, Brazil.

: To present a national guideline for ophthalmologic care and surveillance of juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis (JIA-uveitis).: Review article based on medical literature and the experience of an Expert Committee composed of members of the Brazilian Society of Pediatric Ophthalmology/Brazilian Council of Ophthalmology and the Brazilian Society of Pediatrics/Brazilian Society of Rheumatology. Studies with a high level of evidence were selected by searching the PubMed/Medline database. Read More

Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2021 Apr 1;19(1):48. Epub 2021 Apr 1.

Department of Pediatrics, Severance Children's Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Korea.

Background: The early detection of uveitis associated with systemic inflammatory disease in children is important for proper treatment and prognosis. However, the diagnosis may be delayed because of difficulties in childhood examinations and early minor systemic symptoms. The objective of our study was to identify the pattern of childhood uveitis and investigate the frequency and clinical features of rheumatic diseases in pediatric patients with uveitis. Read More

Eur J Ophthalmol 2021 Mar 29:11206721211005696. Epub 2021 Mar 29.

Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Introduction: The dexamethasone (DEX) implant is an FDA approved treatment for diabetic macular edema, non-infectious posterior uveitis, and macular edema secondary to branch or central retinal vein occlusions. We describe a case of anterior chamber (AC) migration of a DEX implant in a patient with a history of congenital glaucoma and perform a review of the literature on this particular complication, summarizing the common risk factors, subsequent complications, and management options.

Case Description: A 46-year-old female with a history of congenital glaucoma, status post cataract extraction with insertion of intraocular lens, pars plana vitrectomy, and Baerveldt tube implant in the left eye was referred for post-operative cystoid macular edema (CME). Read More

Clin Ophthalmol 2021 8;15:1055-1059. Epub 2021 Mar 8.

Retinal and Inflammatory Eye Diseases, Centre for Ophthalmic Specialized Care (COS), Clinic Montchoisi Teaching Centre, Lausanne, Switzerland.

Background: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)-associated uveitis is the most common form of intraocular inflammation with systemic involvement in childhood. Textbooks tend to describe it as non-granulomatous anterior uveitis. Here, we report the percentage of granulomatous features in JIA-related uveitis among patients at a uveitis referral center. Read More

Indian J Ophthalmol 2021 04;69(4):812-823

Srimati Kanuri Santhamma Center for Vitreo-Retina Diseases, Kallam Anji Reddy Campus, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

Recent decade has seen a shift in the causes of childhood blinding diseases from anterior segment to retinal disease in both developed and developing countries. The common retinal disorders are retinopathy of prematurity and vitreoretinal infections in neonates, congenital anomalies in infants, and vascular retinopathies including type 1 diabetes, tumors, and inherited retinal diseases in children (up to 12 years). Retinal imaging helps in diagnosis, management, follow up and prognostication in all these disorders. Read More

Int Ophthalmol 2021 Jun 24;41(6):2073-2081. Epub 2021 Feb 24.

School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Cukurova University, Adana, Turkey.

Purpose: To report the epidemiology, etiology, ocular characteristics, management, and visual outcomes of pediatric uveitis patients in Southern Turkey.

Methods: The clinical records of pediatric patients with a diagnosis of uveitis under the age of 16 years and followed up longer than 6 months were analyzed retrospectively.

Results: The study included 102 patients and 173 affected eyes. Read More

Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2021 01 10;49(1):38-45. Epub 2021 Jan 10.

Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.

Importance: Australian- and New Zealand-based, uveitis-specialized ophthalmologists have produced recommendations for the management of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)-type chronic anterior uveitis.

Background: Historically, the visual prognosis of JIA-type chronic anterior uveitis has been poor. New medical advances are likely to improve outcomes, but recently published guidelines are tailored for ophthalmic care in Europe and the United States. Read More

Eye (Lond) 2021 09 16;35(9):2573-2578. Epub 2020 Nov 16.

Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, 162 City Road, London, EC1V 2PD, UK.

Aims: To estimate the incidence of childhood uveitis not associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) in the United Kingdom.

Methods: Children under 16 years who presented with a new diagnosis of uveitis from November 2014 to October 2015 were identified prospectively through the British and Scottish Ophthalmological Surveillance Unit reporting card system. Incident questionnaires were sent to reporting ophthalmologists at presentation and 12 months. Read More

Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2021 Nov 28;29(7-8):1299-1303. Epub 2020 May 28.

Department of Ophthalmology, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey.

: To analyze the demographic characteristics, clinical features, ocular complications, and visual outcome of pediatric patients with uveitis.: Retrospective evaluation of medical records.: The study included 156 eyes of 93 patients. Read More

J Rheumatol 2021 02 15;48(2):262-269. Epub 2020 Mar 15.

A. Heiligenhaus, MD, Department of Ophthalmology at St. Franziskus Hospital, Muenster, and University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.

Objective: Enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA) represents a subgroup of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) that is regularly accompanied by anterior uveitis. This study describes the prevalence and characteristics of ERA-related uveitis.

Methods: Cross-sectional data from the National Pediatric Rheumatological Database (NPRD) were used to characterize ERA-related uveitis (ERA-U). Read More

Clin Immunol 2020 02 18;211:108327. Epub 2019 Dec 18.

Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany; Department of Women's & Children's Health, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Alder Hey Children's NHS Foundation Trust Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom. Electronic address:

Non-infectious uveitis is associated with visual impairment and blindness. Non-biologic treatment for non-infectious uveitis is not based on strong evidence. A retrospective chart review was conducted to investigate treatment response to high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) in children with non-infectious uveitis. Read More

JAMA Dermatol 2020 02;156(2):144-150

Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Importance: The diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection as the cause of mucocutaneous disease is challenging because current diagnostic tests are not able to differentiate M pneumoniae infection from carriage.

Objective: To examine the frequency and clinical presentation of M pneumoniae-induced mucocutaneous disease in children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) using improved diagnostics.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This prospective, longitudinal cohort study included 152 children aged 3 to 18 years with CAP enrolled in a CAP study from May 1, 2016, to April 30, 2017, at the University Children's Hospital Zurich. Read More

Int Ophthalmol 2020 Feb 4;40(2):335-342. Epub 2019 Oct 4.

Ophthalmology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy.

Purpose: To investigate the clinical and laboratory characteristics of the children affected by juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) who developed uveitis.

Methods: In this retrospective study, we have examined data of 109 patients aged from 3 to 16 years, affected by JIA and followed at Paediatrics Rheumatology Clinic and Ophthalmology Clinic of University Hospital of Messina in the period from 2007 to 2017. The main outcome measures were clinical and laboratory findings related to JIA and ocular involvement. Read More

Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2019 Oct 1;17(1):66. Epub 2019 Oct 1.

Pediatric Rheumatology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain.

Background: JIA-associated uveitis (JIAU) is a serious, sight-threatening disease with significant long-term complications and risk of blindness, even with improved contemporary treatments. The MIWGUC was set up in order to propose specific JIAU activity and response items and to validate their applicability for clinical outcome studies.

Methods: The group consists of 8 paediatric rheumatologists and 7 ophthalmologists. Read More

Orv Hetil 2019 Aug;160(34):1335-1339

Klinikai Központ, Gyermekgyógyászati Klinika, Pécsi Tudományegyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar Pécs.

Uveitis is characterized by inflammation of the middle layer of the eye. Its overall incidence is low. Autoimmune diseases and infections are the most common underlying diseases. Read More

Br J Ophthalmol 2020 01 2;104(1):11-16. Epub 2019 May 2.

Great Ormond Street Hospital For Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.

Background/aims: There is a paucity of high-level evidence to support the management of childhood uveitis, particularly for those children without juvenile idiopathic arthritis uveitis (JIA). We undertook a modified Delphi consensus exercise to identify agreement in the management of chronic anterior uveitis (CAU), the most common manifestation of childhood disease.

Methods: A four-round, two-panel process was undertaken between June and December 2017. Read More