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Aktuelle Urol 2021 Feb 1;52(1):43-46. Epub 2021 Feb 1.

University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Department of Urology, Luebeck.

Intravesical chemotherapy instillation is a unique method of treatment confined to urothelial neoplasia. Within the last decades, the substances Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) and mitomycin C (MMC) have evolved as the standard regimens for intravesical therapy. However, there are other chemotherapeutic substances, which are used less frequently, such as gemcitabine. Read More

Urol Case Rep 2021 Mar 19;35:101543. Epub 2020 Dec 19.

Department of Urology, Prince Muhammed Bin Nasser Hospital, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.

Bladder cancer is relatively common in the general population but is considered a rare entity in children. Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most frequently encountered bladder tumor in children. Inverted papilloma of the urinary bladder is a rare presentation in adults and is considered extremely rare in the pediatric age group. Read More

Hum Pathol 2021 Mar 8;109:53-58. Epub 2020 Dec 8.

Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA. Electronic address:

The spectrum of neuroendocrine (NE) tumors in the genitourinary tract ranges from the aggressive large and small cell carcinomas to the often benign paraganglioma and well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor (WD-NET). At least 15 pure lower urinary tract (LUT) WD-NETs have been described. Owing to the rarity of WD-NET in the LUT and the limited number of reported cases, a better definition of their biologic long-term behavior is warranted. Read More

Infect Agent Cancer 2020 28;15:52. Epub 2020 Aug 28.

Uro-Oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, 1419733141 Iran.

Background: Bladder cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death in adults worldwide. There are various risk factors described for the bladder cancer development including genetic background as well as environmental exposure. Currently, infectious agents such as human papilloma virus (HPV) has also been linked to bladder cancer risk. Read More

European J Pediatr Surg Rep 2020 Jan 23;8(1):e23-e26. Epub 2020 Apr 23.

Department of Pediatrics, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary.

Urothelial neoplasms of the bladder (UNB) are considerably rare throughout the pediatric population. UNB develops from the urothelial tissue in the form of a benign disease, generally favoring a successful prognosis in the majority of cases. The authors present the diagnosis and treatment regarding two medical case reports in which urothelial papilloma was diagnosed and effectively treated. Read More

Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020 Jun 18;30:101766. Epub 2020 Apr 18.

Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.

Photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer using 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) has recently attracted attention as a diagnostic method for observing cancer lesions based on fluorescence emission using a fluorescent endoscope. However, there are few reports of false positives associated with benign bladder neoplasms. Here, we provide report of two cases of inverted papillomas of the bladder that were fluorescent on PDD using 5-ALA. Read More

Indian J Pathol Microbiol 2020 Jan-Mar;63(1):96-97

Department of Urology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.

Inverted papilloma of urothelium is a rare benign tumour accounting for 1-2% of all the urothelial lesions. Morphologically, these are of two main subtypes - trabecular and glandular, of which the former subtype is most frequently encountered compared to the latter. The glandular subtype closely mimics cystitis glandularis and urothelial carcinoma with inverted growth pattern. Read More

J Pathol 2020 04 28;250(4):464-465. Epub 2020 Feb 28.

Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.

Hinyokika Kiyo 2019 Nov;65(11):463-467

The Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine.

A 69-year-old male complained of gross hematuria. Cystoscopy revealed a papillary pedunculated tumor. The tumor was approximately 4 cm in length, and mimicked an inverted papilloma with a small stalk and smooth surface, located on the bladder trigone. Read More

Ann Diagn Pathol 2020 Feb 22;44:151433. Epub 2019 Nov 22.

Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, The Methodist Hospital and Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Houston, TX 77030, USA. Electronic address:

Background: Most urothelial neoplasms of the bladder show an exophytic papillary pattern, but some show an inverted growth pattern. In 2004, the World Health Organization (WHO) released a detailed histologic classification system for papillary urothelial neoplasms, but not for inverted forms. The International Consultation on Urologic Disease (ICUD) recommendations of 2012 are applicable to inverted/endophytic papillary lesions as follows: 1) inverted papilloma (IP), 2) inverted papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential (IPUNLMP), 3) inverted papillary urothelial carcinoma, low grade, non-invasive (IPUCLG-NI), 4) inverted papillary urothelial carcinoma, high grade, non-invasive (IPUCHG-NI), 5) inverted papillary urothelial carcinoma, high grade, invasive (IPUCHG-I). Read More

Future Oncol 2019 Nov 18;15(33):3797-3807. Epub 2019 Sep 18.

Department of Urology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.

To evaluate the role of preoperative platelet distribution width (PDW) as a potential biomarker for distinguishing malignancy and tumor advantage of bladder neoplasm. The study included 210 subjects with bladder cancer, 76 subjects with urothelial papilloma and 132 healthy control subjects. Preoperative PDW along with other blood indices was evaluated. Read More

Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2020 Apr 8;34 Suppl 1:e8578. Epub 2020 Feb 8.

Molecular Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.

Rationale: Accumulating evidence has linked prolonged exposure to heavy metals to cancer occurrence in the urinary system. However, the specific biological mechanisms responsible for the association of heavy metals with the unusually high incidence of upper tract urothelial carcinoma in Taiwan are complex and incompletely understood.

Methods: To elucidate the specific biological mechanism and identify molecular indicators of the unusually high association of upper tract urothelial carcinoma with heavy metal exposure, protein expression following the treatment of T24 human bladder carcinoma and RT4 human bladder papilloma cell line models with arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) was studied. Read More

Hum Pathol 2019 10 24;92:18-24. Epub 2019 Jul 24.

Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322; Department of Urology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322; Department of Pathology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033; Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322. Electronic address:

Urothelial carcinoma with an inverted/endophytic growth pattern can occasionally mimic inverted urothelial papilloma and pose diagnostic challenges when assessing the presence or absence of invasion. Making these distinctions is critical for guiding appropriate treatment and improving patient outcomes. Here we conducted one of the largest studies to date of invasive high-grade urothelial carcinoma arising in a background of urothelial carcinoma with an inverted growth pattern. Read More

J Pathol 2019 09 2;249(1):3-5. Epub 2019 Jul 2.

Department of Pathology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.

A recent study has identified gene mutations involving the MAPK/ERK pathway, particularly the HRAS gene, in all inverted urothelial papillomas (IUPs), in the absence of pathway mutations in TERT promoter, FGFR3, and TP53/RB1genes. Neither recurrence nor progression was observed in IUPs. These data support several longstanding hypotheses: (1) IUPs are benign and do not recur or progress; (2) they harbor mutations that are different from those of urothelial carcinoma; and (3) they arise through different molecular mechanisms than low- or high-grade urothelial carcinoma. Read More

J Pathol 2019 07 22;248(3):260-265. Epub 2019 Apr 22.

Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.

Inverted urothelial papilloma (IUP) and urothelial papilloma (UP) are rare urothelial neoplasms that typically follow a benign clinical course. Oncogenic mutations in FGFR3, HRAS, and the TERT promoter have been reported in these entities but no comprehensive molecular analysis has been performed. We sought to characterize the genomic landscape of IUP and UP using whole-exome and targeted next-generation sequencing. Read More

Sci Rep 2018 10 19;8(1):15477. Epub 2018 Oct 19.

Department of Tumor and Diagnostic Pathology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.

Copy number alterations and loss of heterozygosity are associated with increasing tumor grade and bladder cancer stage. Our previous study suggested that co-expression of Ki-67 and p53-binding protein 1 (53BP1) could provide an indicator of an abnormal DNA damage response (DDR) pathway. The present study investigated 53BP1 expression as a novel molecular marker in urothelial carcinoma (UC) using bladder tissues with in total of 40 cases including a normal urothelium, urothelial papilloma, low-grade UC, or high-grade UC. Read More

Turk Patoloji Derg 2019 ;35(1):22-27

Department of Pathology, 1Sultanbeyli State Hospital, ISTANBUL, TURKEY.

Objective: Nested variant is bland-looking but aggressive subtype of urothelial carcinoma (UC). Cases having significant muscle invasion do not cause problems but small and superficial biopsies may be challenging due to morphological similarities between nested variant urothelial carcinoma and benign urothelial lesions.

Material And Method: We studied Glucose transporter 1 (GLUT-1), which is an integral membrane protein providing glucose pass through plasma membrane down its concentration gradient, to see if it is useful for the differential diagnosis. Read More

Bull Cancer 2018 Jun 1;105(6):556-561. Epub 2018 May 1.

Ospedale dei Bambini V. Buzzi, Pediatric Surgery Department, Via Castelvetro 32, 20154 Milano, Italy.

Objective: To report a series of 5 patients with urothelial bladder cancer (UBC) three of them with a history of exposure to amines and only two with gross hematuria.

Materials And Methods: After obtaining ethical and legal authorization, we performed a restrospective monocentric study. We collected information of patients with UBC over a period of 10 years. Read More

Ann Diagn Pathol 2019 Jun 17;40:182-188. Epub 2017 Dec 17.

Department of Oncologic Pathology and Prophylactics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Oncologic Pathology, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poland.

Tumours of the urinary tract are the fifth most frequent type of cancer. The most common types are urothelial tumours, among which, non-invasive urothelial neoplasms represent 45% of all cases. The 2016 WHO classification of urinary tract tumours introduced new classifications of non-invasive lesions. Read More

J Pediatr Surg 2018 Feb 14;53(2):306-309. Epub 2017 Nov 14.

Pediatric Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY. Electronic address:

Purpose: Bladder cancer is the sixth most common cancer in the United States, but is exceedingly rare in young patients, leading to a lack of accepted standards for diagnosis, treatment, and surveillance. We review our institutional experience with bladder urothelial neoplasms in pediatric and young adult patients summarizing presentation, treatment, and outcomes.

Methods: Surgical pathology records at our institution were searched for cases of urothelial neoplasms among patients ≤25 years of age treated between January 1997 and September 2016. Read More

Histopathology 2018 Apr 4;72(5):795-803. Epub 2018 Jan 4.

Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.

Aims: Mutations in FGFR3 and the promoter region of the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene have been found frequently in urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder. However, related data for papillary urothelial neoplasm of low malignant potential (PUNLMP) are limited. In this study, we investigated the mutation status of the TERT promoter, FGFR3 and HRAS in low-grade papillary urothelial neoplasms and evaluated their prognostic significance. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2017 May 13;2017. Epub 2017 May 13.

Department of Paediatrics, Hospital Center of Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal.

Bladder urothelial papilloma is extremely rare in the paediatric population. It usually presents as painless gross haematuria and its diagnosis implies a high index of suspicion as other causes of haematuria predominate in this age range. We describe a 9-year-old boy with two episodes of gross haematuria occurring 1 year apart with spontaneous resolution after 2 days. Read More

Cir Pediatr 2016 Jul 10;29(3):131-133. Epub 2016 Jul 10.

Servicio de Cirugía Pediátrica. Hospital Universitario Materno-Infantil. Badajoz.

Introduction: Vesical tumors of infancy are of a low incidence and isolated clinical cases exist, and therefore there are no protocols regarding treatment and monitoring. In addition, the histological criteria used until now are the ones in the WHO 2004 guidelines.

Clinical Case: A 11 year old boy with non-specific abdominal pain. Read More

J Appl Toxicol 2017 07 6;37(7):853-862. Epub 2017 Feb 6.

Division of Pathology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 1-18-1 Kamiyoga, Setagaya-Ku, Tokyo, 158-8501, Japan.

Horseradish extract (HRE), consisting mainly of a mixture of allyl isothiocyanate and other isothiocyanates, has been used as a food additive. To evaluate the potential hazards of HRE, a 104-week chronic study, a 2-week analysis of cell proliferation in the urinary bladder and a medium-term promotion bioassay of HRE were conducted with administration at concentrations of up to 0.04% HRE in the drinking water to male F344 rats. Read More

Eur Urol 2017 03 28;71(3):497-498. Epub 2016 Dec 28.

Unit of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cordoba, Spain; Champalimaud Clinical Center, Lisbon, Portugal.

Int J Surg 2016 Dec 5;36(Pt A):249-254. Epub 2016 Nov 5.

Department of Urology, Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai City, 201508, PR China. Electronic address:

Purpose: To investigate the association between preoperative plasma fibrinogen levels and clinicopathological features in patients with bladder urothelial tumors.

Methods: In this retrospective single-center study, we evaluated preoperative plasma fibrinogen levels in 503 patients newly diagnosed with bladder urothelial tumors between January 2009 and October 2014. All patients received surgical intervention as the primary treatment method. Read More

Anal Quant Cytopathol Histpathol 2016 Feb;38(1):52-6

Background: Inverted papilloma (IP) is an unusual benign neoplasm, most commonly found in the bladder. Cases of malignant transformation have been reported in the past, although most of them are now considered to be urothelial carcinomas with an inverted growth pattern.

Case: A 54-year-old man was diagnosed with urothelial carcinoma in situ (UCIS), high-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma (HGPUC), and IP by transurethral resection specimen of the bladder. Read More

Bull Exp Biol Med 2016 May 6;161(1):96-8. Epub 2016 Jun 6.

N. N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia.

Medical histories of 101 urothelial bladder cancer patients were compared with the results of morphological analysis and biomolecular detection of human papilloma viruses (HPV) in the tumor specimens. DNA of HPV16 (the major type of virus responsible for appearance of cervical carcinoma) was detected in 38 specimens, while mRNA of E6 and E7 oncogenes and E7 oncoprotein of HPV16 were observed in 13 specimens. HPV-positive bladder cancer was characterized by higher degree of cell anaplasia than HPV-negative cancer; in the primary bladder tumor, HPV was detected more often than in recurrent bladder cancer. Read More

Int Braz J Urol 2016 Mar-Apr;42(2):242-6

Dicle University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pathology, Diyarbakir, Turkey.

Purpose: Bladder tumors are rare in children and adolescents. For this reason, the diagnosis is sometimes delayed in pediatric patients. We aimed to describe the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up methods of bladder urothelial neoplasms in children and adolescents. Read More