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Age Ageing 2021 Jun 18. Epub 2021 Jun 18.

Consultant in Geriatric Medicine, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Doncaster Royal Infirmary, Doncaster DN2 5LT, UK.

Biliary disease is common in the older population, and gallbladder dysfunction and increased bile lithogenicity predispose to calculi formation. This case demonstrates an unusual presentation of gallbladder empyema. A 90-year-old male with metastatic prostate cancer presented with hypoactive delirium. Read More

Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2021 Jan-Feb;32(1):191-198

Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.

Saudi Arabia has extremely hot climate for most of the year; this is associated with the risk of developing nephrolithiasis. This retrospective research aimed to investigate the current prevalence, manifestation, mode of treatment, and risk factors of renal stones in Jeddah and Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2018 to June 2019 at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Read More

J Infect Chemother 2021 Jun 15. Epub 2021 Jun 15.

Goldman Urology Clinic, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Electronic address:

Complicated urinary tract infection (UTI) is a symptomatic urinary infection accompanied by functional or structural abnormalities of the genitourinary tract. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a major cause of lower urinary tract obstruction in male patients, and bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) secondary to BPH can lead to UTIs in men. However, no evidence has clearly shown that UTI in the aging male population is associated with either post-void residual urine or BOO. Read More

BJU Int 2021 Jun 18. Epub 2021 Jun 18.

Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Objective: To undertake the first comprehensive evaluation of the urinary microbiota associated with Hunner lesion interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (HL IC/BPS). Despite no previous identification of a distinct IC/BPS microbial urotype, HL IC/BPS, an inflammatory subtype of IC/BPS, was hypothesized most likely to be associated with a specific bacterial species or microbial pattern.

Subjects And Methods: The bacterial microbiota of mid-stream urine specimens from HL IC/BPS and age and gender-matched IC/BPS patients without HL (non-HL IC/BPS) were examined using the pan-bacterial domain clinical-level molecular diagnostic Pacific Biosciences full-length 16S gene sequencing protocol, informatics pipeline and database. Read More

BMC Pediatr 2021 Jun 16;21(1):283. Epub 2021 Jun 16.

Department of Pediatric Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, Lasarettsgatan 48, S-221 85, Lund, Sweden.

Background: Surgical safety during posterior sagittal anorectal plasty (PSARP) for anorectal malformations (ARM) depends on accurate pre-operative fistula localization. This study aimed to evaluate accuracy of pre-operative fistula diagnostics.

Methods: Ethical approval was obtained. Read More

BMC Geriatr 2021 Jun 16;21(1):371. Epub 2021 Jun 16.

Department of Internal Medicine, General University Hospital of Alicante-ISABIAL, Alicante, Spain.

Background: The aging population is an increasing concern in Western hospital systems. The aim of this study was to describe the main characteristics and hospitalization patterns in inpatients aged 85 years or more in Spain from 2000 to 2015.

Methods: Retrospective observational study analyzing data from the minimum basic data set, an administrative registry recording each hospital discharge in Spain since 1997. Read More

Cureus 2021 May 12;13(5):e14988. Epub 2021 May 12.

Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Danbury Hospital, Danbury, USA.

Undifferentiated pancreatic carcinoma with osteoclast-like giant cells (UPC-OGC) is a unique and rare tumor characterized by the presence of highly atypical carcinoma cells and non-neoplastic osteoclast-like giant cells. The histogenesis of this tumor is unclear and data on its prognosis remain controversial. Some data show poor clinical outcomes in affected patients while other more recent studies report a better outcome especially for cases with pure UPC-OGC. Read More

Front Pediatr 2021 28;9:626386. Epub 2021 May 28.

Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.

To provide insight in the primary health care (PHC) case management of febrile children under-five in Dar es Salaam, and to identify areas for improving quality of care. We used data from the routine care arm of the ePOCT trial, including children aged 2-59 months who presented with an acute febrile illness to two health centers in Dar es Salaam (2014-2016). The presenting complaint, anthropometrics, vital signs, test results, final diagnosis, and treatment were prospectively collected in all children. Read More

Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021 06 14. Epub 2021 Jun 14.

Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States.

We used male BTBR mice carrying the Lep mutation, which are subject to severe and progressive obesity and diabetes beginning at 6 weeks of age, to examine the influence of one specific manifestation of sleep apnea, intermittent hypoxia, on male urinary voiding physiology and genitourinary anatomy. A custom device was used to deliver continuous normoxia (NX, control) or intermittent hypoxia (IH) to wild type and Lep (mutant) mice for 2 weeks. Intermittent hypoxia was delivered during the 12-hour inactive (lighted) period in the form of 90 sec of 6% O2 followed by 90 sec of room air. Read More

J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2021 Jun 9. Epub 2021 Jun 9.

Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicine, Clinical Laboratory of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China. Electronic address:

Objective: We aimed to determine the clinical impact of inappropriate empirical antibiotic treatment (IEAT) compared with appropriate empirical antibiotic treatment (AEAT) in hospitalised patients with urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli).

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included adult patients with a primary diagnosis of UTI who were treated with empirical antibiotics at a tertiary hospital in southern China over a 2-year period. Read More

Clin Lab 2021 Jun;67(6)

Background: Benign prostatic hyperplasia is an important risk factor for urinary tract infections. In this study, the causative agents of urinary tract infections were isolated from urine samples of benign prostatic hyperplasia patients aged 65 and older. Bacteremia risk and the patterns of antibiotic resistance were investigated to guide clinicians in empirical antibiotic treatment. Read More

J Infect Dev Ctries 2021 May 31;15(5):742-746. Epub 2021 May 31.

Department of Urology, Pamukkale University School of Medicine, Denizli, Turkey.

Introduction: In the presence of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) before the urological procedure, the duration of antimicrobial treatment is controversial. This study aims to evaluate whether a short course of antimicrobial therapy is safe and effective in cases with ASB before urological procedures.

Methodology: We retrospectively reviewed adult patients who had ASB before undergoing several urological procedures between 2011 and 2019. Read More

SAGE Open Med Case Rep 2021 30;9:2050313X211019789. Epub 2021 May 30.

Al Adan Paediatric Pharmacy, Kuwait-Al Adan Joint Hospital, Kuwait Hospital, Sabah Al Salem, Kuwait.

Bartter syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by hypokalaemia. Hypokalaemia is defined as low serum potassium concentration ˂3.5 mmol/L, which may lead to arrhythmia and death if left untreated. Read More

Pediatr Nephrol 2021 Jun 7. Epub 2021 Jun 7.

Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid, Spain.

Background: Methods of urine collection used in precontinent children are a controversial issue. Definitive diagnosis of urinary tract infection (UTI) requires an uncontaminated urine culture. We aimed to describe methods used to collect urine for culture in infants under 3 months of age and compare results and contamination rates. Read More

J Pharm Pract 2021 Jun 8:8971900211015046. Epub 2021 Jun 8.

Department of Pharmacy, Kingsbrook Jewish Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.

A 99-year-old African-American male presented to the hospital with severe sepsis secondary to a urinary tract infection. Upon initial presentation he was tachycardic, hypotensive and had leukocytosis. While he had signs of acute kidney injury, no signs of acute liver injury were present with his alanine transferase (ALT) and amino transferase (AST) levels measuring at 22 and 44 U/L, respectively. Read More

Front Public Health 2021 21;9:590695. Epub 2021 May 21.

Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom.

Male genital schistosomiasis (MGS) is an often-overlooked chronic consequence of urogenital schistosomiasis (UGS) associated with eggs and associated pathologies in the genital system of afflicted men. Despite the first formal description of MGS in 1911 by Madden, its epidemiology, diagnostic testing and case management of today are not well-described. However, since several interactions between MGS and the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) are known, there is renewed public health interest in MGS across sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Read More

BMC Public Health 2021 06 5;21(1):1075. Epub 2021 Jun 5.

Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania.

Background: Febrile diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa cause acute and chronic illness. Co-infections are common and these diseases have a complex etiology that includes zoonoses. For the implementation of appropriate treatment and control strategies, determinants of lay treatment-seeking behavior by the affected communities need to be understood. Read More

Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2021 06 4;10(1):87. Epub 2021 Jun 4.

Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.

Background: During the intensive care units' (ICUs) reorganization that was forced by the COVID-19 emergency, attention to traditional infection control measures may have been reduced. Nevertheless, evidence on the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) is still limited and mixed. In this study, we estimated the pandemic impact on HAI incidence and investigated the HAI type occurring in COVID-19 patients. Read More

Arch Esp Urol 2021 Jun;74(5):527-531

Servicio de Urología. Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz. Madrid. España.

Acidifying treatment and control of urinary pH may be an effective strategy to address recurrent lithiasic disease secondary to infective calculi. We present the case of a 39-year-old man with bilateral urolithiasis that led to episodes of complicated Reno ureteral colic.After undergoing multiple treatments by retrograde endourological surgery, he presented recurrence and progression of lithiasis disease, finally requiring percutaneous approach for treatment of a coralliform stone, after which he was free of lithiasis. Read More

Am J Infect Control 2021 May 30. Epub 2021 May 30.

Spero Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA.

Study Hypothesis: Hospital admissions for complicated urinary tract infections (cUTI) in the US are increasing but there are limited information on the acuity of patients who are admitted.

Objective: Describe hospitalization patterns among adult cUTI patients who present to the hospital with cUTI and to determine the proportion of admissions that were of low acuity.

Methods: A retrospective multi-center analysis using data from the Premier Healthcare Database (2013-18) was performed. Read More

Rev Clin Esp (Barc) 2021 May 29. Epub 2021 May 29.

Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla (HUMV), Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain.

Background And Objective: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are frequently caused by Enterococcus spp. This work aims to define the risk factors associated with UTIs caused by Enterococci and to determine its overall mortality and predictive risk factors.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on bacteremic UTIs caused by Enterococcus spp. Read More

Res Vet Sci 2021 Jul 25;137:274-280. Epub 2021 May 25.

Institute for Veterinary Anatomy, Embryology and Histology, Frankfurter Str. 98, 35392 Giessen, Germany.

The local immunity of the lower urinary tract (LUT) is often presumed to influence the development of ascending infections and local inflammation. Due to small ruminants being at a higher risk of developing obstructive urolithiasis after early castration, a relationship is expected to exist between disturbed local immunity, castration and disease. However, the underlying pathophysiology and histological correlation of this assumption are unknown. Read More

Front Neurol 2021 13;12:671739. Epub 2021 May 13.

Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Department of Neurology/Center for Neurosciences, Brussels, Belgium.

A high Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) has been associated with post-stroke infections, but it's role as an early predictive biomarker for post-stroke pneumonia (PSP) and urinary tract infection (UTI) is not clear. To investigate the usefulness of NLR obtained within 24 h after AIS for predicting PSP and UTI in the first week. Clinical and laboratory data were retrieved from the University Hospital Brussels stroke database/electronic record system. Read More

Cureus 2021 May 23;13(5):e15190. Epub 2021 May 23.

Emergency Medicine, King Fahd Hospital of the University, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, SAU.

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is considered to be a rare variant of chronic pyelonephritis, which results in non-functioning kidneys in patients. The exact etiology of this disease is still unknown, and hence even its pathophysiology remains unclear. We present a case of a 27-year-old Saudi male patient who had been bed-bound with a known case of a congenital anomaly with severe kyphoscoliosis, bilateral lower limbs deformity with paraplegia, and a ventriculoperitoneal shunt since childhood. Read More

J Pediatr Urol 2021 May 8. Epub 2021 May 8.

Department of Urology, Ramaiah Medical College and Hospital, Bangalore, 560054, India. Electronic address:

Background: Iatrogenic ureteral injuries in children are rare, due to its retroperitoneal position. The Yang -Monti ileal substitution serves as a good surgical option in such injuries associated with long segment defects of the ureter.

Objectives: To review our experience using the Yang Monti principle of ileal ureter substitution in children with long segment ureteric defects and analyse its intermediate term outcomes. Read More

BMC Infect Dis 2021 May 25;21(1):477. Epub 2021 May 25.

Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon.

Background: School-aged children (SAC) are a high-risk demographic group for infectious diseases and malnutrition. The objective of this study was to assess the burden and the effect of Plasmodium falciparum and Schistosoma haematobium infections on the haematological indices in SAC and the confounding influence of malnutrition on the outcomes.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in SAC 4-14 years old living in Ikata, Bafia and Mile 14-Likoko in Muyuka, Cameroon. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2021 May;100(21):e26158

Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital of Jiangxi Province (Ganzhou Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University), Ganzhou, Jiangxi, P.R. China.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to analyze the distribution of pathogenic bacteria in hospitalized patients in elderly care centers under the mode of integration of medical care and elderly care service, and explore the influencing factors to reduce the health care-associated infection rate of hospitalized patients.A total of 2597 inpatients admitted to elderly care centers from April 2018 to December 2019 were included in the study. The etiology characteristics of health care-associated infections (HCAI) was statistically analyzed, univariate analysis, and multivariate logistic regression analysis method were used to analyze the influencing factors of HCAI. Read More

Medicine (Baltimore) 2021 May;100(21):e26085

Department of General and Gastroenterological Surgery.

Rationale: As the world's population ages, the number of surgical cases of colovesical fistulas secondary to colon diverticulitis is also expected to increase. The key issue while performing laparoscopic surgery for these fistulas is the avoidance of iatrogenic ureteral injury. There are no reports of Near-infrared Ray Catheter being used in surgery for diverticulitis, which is one of the diseases with the highest risk of ureteral injury. Read More

Gerontol Geriatr Med 2021 Jan-Dec;7:23337214211012528. Epub 2021 Apr 23.

University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common cause of delirium in the elderly. Although diagnosis of delirium secondary to UTI is relatively straightforward, a lack of thorough investigation could result in missing underlying factors and medical conditions that may require immediate clinical/surgical intervention. Case of a 77-year-old male with delirium diagnosis and multiple psychiatric hospital admissions is reported here. Read More

J Physiol Biochem 2021 May 21. Epub 2021 May 21.

Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Science, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, 13084-971, Brazil.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a component of gram-negative bacteria wall that elicits inflammatory response in the host through the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) activation. In the lower urinary tract (LUT), bacteria-derived LPS has been associated with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS); however, little is known about the effects of LPS in the urethral smooth muscle (USM). In the present study, we evaluated the functional and molecular effects of LPS in mouse USM in vitro, focusing on the LPS-induced TLR4-signaling pathway. Read More