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World J Urol 2020 Jun 2. Epub 2020 Jun 2.

Department of Urology, Hochtaunus Hospital, Bad Homburg, Germany.

J Endourol 2020 Jun 2. Epub 2020 Jun 2.

Lokmanya Tilak Municipal Medical College and General Hospital, 29649, Mumbai, Mumbai, India, 400022;

We read with interest the article by Bakr and Abdelhalim, who conducted this rather bold study of evaluating the safety and efficacy of emergency ureteroscopy in patients presenting with mild sepsis [1]. Although the authors report good results in this clinical setting, we do have some reservations to the basic concept of this study and feel that ureteroscopy should not be performed in setting of known urinary infection, and surely not in presence of sepsis. Read More

J Endourol 2020 May 30. Epub 2020 May 30.

The Austin Hospital, Urology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;

Introduction & Objectives A variety of irrigation systems are available during ureteroscopy. We sought to compare gravity-driven pressure bags to hand-operated irrigation pumps; our primary outcome was post-operative infectious complications and secondary outcomes include unplanned re-admissions and emergency presentations. Methods A retrospective analysis of 234 patients undergoing flexible ureteropyeloscopy with laser lithotripsy by 24 supervised trainees over 6 years at a single teaching institution. Read More

World J Urol 2020 May 27. Epub 2020 May 27.

Sorbonne Université, Service d'Urologie, AP-HP, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Tenon, 4 rue de la Chine, 75020, Paris, France.

Objectives: To estimate the total energy needed to ablate 1mm of stone volume (Joules/mm) during flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy using a low-power Ho:YAG laser device, as a proxy of lithotripsy efficacy.

Patients And Methods: We selected 30 patients submitted to flexible ureteroscopy for renal stones whose volume was bigger than 500 mm. A 35 W Ho:YAG laser (Dornier Medilas H Solvo 35, Germany) was used for every procedure with a 272 µm laser fiber. Read More

World J Urol 2020 May 27. Epub 2020 May 27.

Department of Urology, University of California, 333 City Blvd. West, Suite 2100, Irvine, Orange, CA, 92868, USA.

Purpose: To provide the first report of measuring intracalyceal pressures during ureteroscopy (URS).

Methods: A prospective single-center clinical study using a cardiac pressure guidewire to measure intracalyceal pressure during flexible URS was performed. Eight patients (45 calyces) undergoing URS for nephrolithiasis were included. Read More

Urology 2020 May 24. Epub 2020 May 24.

University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Department of Urology, Iowa City, IA. Electronic address:

Objective: To determine whether selection of treatment modality for urinary stone disease differs between primary and outreach healthcare centers, and if patient rurality predicts treatment modality.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated ESWL and URS procedural data from the Iowa Office of Statewide Clinical Education Programs (OSCEP) and Iowa Hospital Association (IHA) databases from 2007-2014. Geographical data was used to analyze travel metrics and patient proximity to sites of stone treatment. Read More

J Urol 2020 May 27:101097JU0000000000001147. Epub 2020 May 27.

Department of Urology, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio.

Introduction: Ureteral access sheaths (UAS) are commonly utilized during ureteroscopy (URS) to facilitate stone removal, improve visibility and maintain low intrarenal pressures. However, the use of a UAS can cause ureteral wall ischemia and ureteral tears, potentially increasing the risk of postoperative ureteral stricture and obstruction. The primary objective of this study was to study the impact that UAS use has on postoperative imaging studies. Read More

Int Braz J Urol 2020 May 18;46. Epub 2020 May 18.

Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.

Purpose: Various surgical options are available for large proximal ureteral stones, such as extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URSL), percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and laparoscopic ureterolithotomy (LU). However, the best option remains controversial. Therefore, we conducted a network meta-analysis comparing various surgical treatments for proximal ureteral stones ≥10mm to address current research deficiencies. Read More

J Endourol 2020 May;34(S1):S25-S30

Department of Urology, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, New Jersey, USA.

Ureteral reimplantation is indicated for patients with congenital distal ureteral strictures, for iatrogenic intraoperative distal ureteral injuries, and for those who require distal ureterectomy for transitional cell carcinoma. Using the da Vinci system from Intuitive, we demonstrate distal ureterectomy with reimplantation. Both a refluxing extravesical reimplant and nonrefluxing extravesical reimplant are shown. Read More

J Endourol 2020 May;34(S1):S13-S16

Department of Urology, San Raffaele Hospital, Ville Turro Division, Milan, Italy.

This article aims to demonstrate a step-by-step technique of semirigid ureteroscopy (URS) for the treatment of ureteral stones, urothelial tumors, and ureteral stenosis. Operating room setup, camera settings, access to the bladder, and negotiation of the ureteral orifice, lasertripsy, basketing of the stone fragments, endoscopic treatment of ureteral tumors and ureteral stenosis, flexible URS at the end of semirigid URS, and Double-J stent placement are described step by step. Read More

Urol Case Rep 2020 Sep 6;32:101242. Epub 2020 May 6.

Satalkar Lotus Superspeciality Hospital, Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India.

Managing patient having multiple large ureteric calculi at different locations in ureter with minimal invasive surgery is always a challenge for the surgeon. We hereby present the case report of ureteroscopy assisted laparoscopic ureterolithotomy for multiple large ureteric calculi in proximal and distal ureter in a young female. In this unique and novel method ureteroscopy and laparoscopy was done simultaneously over the patient using two camera units and two surgeons. Read More

Turk J Urol 2020 Mar 11. Epub 2020 Mar 11.

Department of Urology, Bağcılar Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey.

Objective: To investigate the effects of flexible ureteroscopy (F-URS) on the operated side of a kidney by assessing the renal damage markers, urine neutrophil gelatinase-related lipocalin (NGAL) and serum cystatin-C (Cys-C), and overall kidney function with the measurements of standard serum creatinine and urine albumin and protein levels.

Material And Methods: A total of 30 patients who underwent F-URS for treatment of upper urinary stone disease were prospectively evaluated. Preoperative serum urea, creatinine, and Cys-C levels were noted. Read More

Curr Urol Rep 2020 May 23;21(7):27. Epub 2020 May 23.

Department of Urology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton, UK.

Purpose Of Review: Urologists are at significant risk due to radiation exposure (RE) from endourological procedures for stone disease. Many techniques described have shown a reduction of RE. The purpose of this article is to review available protocols to decrease RE during such procedures and provide tips and tricks for their implementation. Read More

World J Urol 2020 May 19. Epub 2020 May 19.

Department of Urology, Institute of Urology (Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.

Purpose: Multiple studies have reported that preoperative positive urine culture is an independent risk factor for postoperative fever (POF) after ureteroscopy (URS). Urine nitrite is associated urinary tract infections (UTIs). However, none of studies has explored the role of urine nitrite in the prediction of POF after flexible URS (fURS). Read More

World J Urol 2020 May 18. Epub 2020 May 18.

Department of Urology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.

Transl Androl Urol 2020 Apr;9(2):828-830

Department of Urology, Footscray Hospital, Footscray, Melbourne, Australia.

Boerhaave syndrome is the spontaneous rupture of the oesophagus, usually due to vomiting. The condition is rare but can be fatal. A 30-year-old male presented with vomiting and pain in his left flank and chest. Read More

J Urol 2020 May 12:101097JU000000000000111201. Epub 2020 May 12.

Cent European J Urol 2020 3;73(1):49-54. Epub 2020 Jan 3.

Department of Urology, Kafkas University Faculty of Medicine, Kars, Turkey.

Introduction: The aim of this article was to evaluate the safety and efficiency of flexible ureteroscopy (fURS) in the management of renal calculi larger than 20 mm.

Material And Methods: A total of 92 cases with renal calculi were managed with fURS and divided into two groups depending on the size of the stones; <20 mm and >20 mm (Group 1 and Group 2, respectively). The groups were compared with respect to treatment-related parameters including success, complication rates, hospitalization period and need for auxiliary procedures with an emphasis on the rate of infections. Read More

World J Urol 2020 May 7. Epub 2020 May 7.

Sorbonne Université, GRC n°20, Groupe de Recherche Clinique sur la Lithiase Urinaire, Hôpital Tenon, F-75020, Paris, France.

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of measuring the intrapelvic pressure (IPP) during f-URS with a wire including a pressure sensor and to assess IPP profiles during the procedure.

Methods: Patients undergoing f-URS for stone disease were recruited. A wire with pressure sensor was placed in the renal cavities to measure IPP. Read More

Urologe A 2020 May 6. Epub 2020 May 6.

Auswertungsstelle, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Otto-Hahn-Ring 6, 81739, München, Deutschland.

Background And Objectives: Eye lens radiation exposure during fluoroscopy-guided interventional procedures may result in occupational radiation-induced cataracts. We evaluated the eye lens radiation doses and the protective effect of X‑ray protective visors during ureteroscopic procedures.

Materials And Methods: Eye lens doses were measured in front of and behind X‑ray protective visors using eye lens dosemeters during ureteroscopic procedures done by 4 different endourologic surgeons within a 12-week period. Read More

Investig Clin Urol 2020 May 9;61(3):316-322. Epub 2020 Mar 9.

Department of Urology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.

Purpose: To report a single surgeon experience with one year follow-up after open ureteroplasty with buccal mucosa graft (OUBMG) in the rare situation of long segment proximal ureteral strictures.

Materials And Methods: Four patients with long segment proximal ureteral stricture underwent OU-BMG between February and July 2017. Functional outcome was assessed by pre- and postoperative serum creatinine, ultrasound and renal scintigraphy as well as patient reported outcomes. Read More

Prog Urol 2020 May 3. Epub 2020 May 3.

Department of Urology and Kidney Transplantation, La Conception Academic Hospital, Aix-Marseille University, AP-HM, 13005 Marseille, France. Electronic address:

Objective: To report the effectiveness, reliability and learning curve of Microperc, a minimal invasive percutaneous technique using a 4.85-Ch (16-gauge) sheath, in the treatment of nephrolithiasis.

Material And Methods: 31 consecutive Micropercs for nephrolithiasis<2. Read More

J Urol 2020 May 4:101097JU0000000000001098. Epub 2020 May 4.

Sorbonne Université, Service d'Urologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, Paris, France.

Purpose: To compare the hydrocoated silicone stent (Coloplast Imajin® hydro) to Percuflex Plus stent (Boston Scientific) in terms of patient comfort and quality of life after flexible ureteroscopy (fURS) for stone disease over a 5-week prospective follow-up.Materials and Methdos:This is a multicenter, single-blind, prospective, randomized trial of 141 patients treated with fURS for renal stones. Primary outcome was USSQ Body Pain Index recorded before DJ removal at day 20 (D20). Read More

Urology 2020 Apr 28. Epub 2020 Apr 28.

Department of Urology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA.

We report a rare case of uveal melanoma demonstrating simultaneous metastatic foci to the upper and lower urinary tract. A 60-year-old woman, with metastatic uveal melanoma, was referred for incidental right hydronephrosis. Diagnostic cystoscopy and ureteroscopy confirmed the diagnosis of metastatic malignant melanoma to the bladder and kidney. Read More

Int Urol Nephrol 2020 Apr 29. Epub 2020 Apr 29.

Department of Urology, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Jungbudaero 93, Paldal-gu, Suwon, 16247, Republic of Korea.

Purpose: We aimed to investigate whether the angle created by the most lateral portion of the lower ureter is responsible for the difficulty in ureteral access sheath insertion.

Methods: All male patients scheduled to undergo flexible ureteroscopy were enrolled. Patients with ureteral stricture in any course of the ureter and patients with problems at the ureteral opening were excluded. Read More

World J Urol 2020 Apr 28. Epub 2020 Apr 28.

Department of Urology, Biruni University, Istanbul, Turkey.

Aims: To outline and evaluate the incidence, management and follow-up of the residual fragments (RFs) following retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) of renal stones by the Turkish Academy of Urology Prospective Study Group (ACUP Study).

Methods: Following the ethical committee approval, 15 centers providing data regarding the incidence, management, and follow-up of RFs after RIRS were included and all relevant information was recorded into the same electronic database program (https://acup.uroturk. Read More

BMJ Case Rep 2020 Apr 27;13(4). Epub 2020 Apr 27.

Department of Urology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.

A 77-year-old woman presented with right flank pain radiating to the ipsilateral groin and associated nausea, consistent with renal colic. In the emergency department, a non-contrast CT scan revealed severe right-sided hydronephrosis but failed to demonstrate a calculus or ureteropelvic obstruction. The patient improved with fluids and followed up with a community urologist. Read More

World J Clin Cases 2020 Apr;8(7):1301-1305

Department of Urology, Clinical Medicine College, Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu Province, China.

Background: Ureteroscopy is widely used in the treatment of ureteral stones due to the increased morbidity of urolithiasis. This is the first report of a case of ureteral calculi treated with rigid ureteroscopy in the modified prone split-leg position.

Case Summary: A 62-year-old Asian woman was diagnosed with a ureteral stone and underwent extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy twice. Read More

Can J Urol 2020 Apr;27(2):10162-10166

Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA.

Introduction: Phyllanthus niruri (P. niruri) is the most commonly listed active ingredient in commercially available herbal therapies for kidney stones, despite limited supporting clinical evidence. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate its efficacy in reducing stone burden. Read More

Am J Nurs 2020 May;120(5):69

Terri D. Kane is an associate professor at Texas Wesleyan University, Fort Worth, TX, and a member of the Cochrane Nursing Care Field.

Editor's note: The mission of Cochrane Nursing is to provide an international evidence base for nurses involved in delivering, leading, or researching nursing care. Cochrane Corner provides summaries of recent systematic reviews from the Cochrane Library. For more information, see https://nursing. Read More

J Endourol 2020 Apr 23. Epub 2020 Apr 23.

Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital. Institute of Urology, Peking University. National Urological Cancer Center. , Beijing, China;

Purpose: To evaluate the onlay technique using the appendix for ureteric reconstruction and describe the initial experience of nine operations performed by one surgeon.

Methods: Nine patients with complex ureteral strictures who underwent appendiceal onlay flap ureteroplasty since May 2019 were recruited from our RECUTTER date base. There were seven men and two women, with a mean age of 38. Read More

Urol Case Rep 2020 Jul 2;31:101178. Epub 2020 Apr 2.

Department of Urology, Mohammed IV University Medical Center, Mohammed the First University, Oujda, Morocco.

The discovery of a kidney stone in a living kidney donor is rare. The managing technique of this situation and the timing of the treatment of the stone is not well codified. Should it be treated before the removal of the kidney or in ex-vivo after nephrectomy and in cold ischemia ? We report a case of a 60-year-old mom who donates kidney willingly to her son. Read More

Curr Urol Rep 2020 Apr 21;21(5):21. Epub 2020 Apr 21.

Department of Urology, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.

Purpose Of Review: To present the latest evidence related to the impact of ureteroscopy (URS) and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) on the renal function.

Recent Findings: Our review suggests that the overall renal function is not detrimentally affected by endourological interventions (URS, PCNL). This is however influenced by the preoperative renal function, presence of comorbidities such as diabetes and hypertension. Read More

J Endourol 2020 Apr 22. Epub 2020 Apr 22.

University Hospitals Southampton NHS Trust, Urology, Southampton, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

Introduction: Paediatric upper urinary tract calculi can be treated by Ureteroscopy (URS) or Mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mPCNL). We wanted to compare outcomes of URS and mPCNL from two tertiary referral centres who specialised in one of these treatments for paediatric stone disease.

Methods: Data was collected from two tertiary centres over a 10-year period (2010-2019); one centre specialising in URS and the other in mPCNL for consecutive patients ≤16 years of age undergoing either of these minimally invasive interventions. Read More

Urology 2020 Apr 18. Epub 2020 Apr 18.

Department of Urology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA.

Objective: To define current national practice patterns of imaging modalities and urologic procedures in pregnant women with urinary stone disease.

Methods: Using the IBM MarketScan national insurance claims database, we identified pregnant women with urinary stone disease and their corresponding gestational age between 2011 and 2016 using administrative claims data. We then assessed each encounter for urinary stone disease or stone-related urologic procedure during their pregnancy. Read More

Urol Case Rep 2020 Jul 2;31:101182. Epub 2020 Apr 2.

St. Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.

A case of ureteric metastasis secondary to prostate cancer. A 70-year-old man presented with a rising PSA five years post radical prostatectomy and salvage radiotherapy. Conventional staging (CT/bone scan) was negative but a Ga-PSMA-PET/CT scan and ureteroscopy later confirmed a ureteric metastasis. Read More

Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2020 Apr;100(14):1084-1086

Department of Urology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou 310016, China.

To compare the composition of DJ tube encrustation and original stone, and to discuss the causes and prevention of encrustations. Twenty-five patients with DJ tube encrustation (1 case of INLAY OPTIMA(®) tube, Bard Medical, 16 cases of Universa(®) Firm tube, Cook Medical, 8 cases of Polaris™ Loop tube, Boston Scientific) in our institution from Januarry 2018 to April 2019 wereretrospective analyzed. Stones and encrustations were analyzed using the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis system to compare the differences in composition. Read More

Urol Case Rep 2020 Jul 2;31:101188. Epub 2020 Apr 2.

Department of Urology, Niigata Prefectural Central Hospital, Jouetsu, Niigata, Japan.

We experienced a rare case of ureteropelvic junction disruption (UPJD) as a seat belt injury. A 19-year-old female was transferred after a car accident while wearing a seat belt. Computed tomography showed multiple fractures including Chance fracture dislocation of the first lumbar spine and right renal laceration with partial infarction. Read More

Theranostics 2020 4;10(10):4323-4333. Epub 2020 Mar 4.

Key Laboratory of Genomics and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.

: Dietary exposure to aristolochic acids and similar compounds (collectively, AA) is a significant risk factor for nephropathy and subsequent upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). East Asian populations, who have a high prevalence of UTUC, have an unusual genome-wide AA-induced mutational pattern (COSMIC signature 22). Integrating mutational signature analysis with clinicopathological information may demonstrate great potential for risk ranking this UTUC subtype. Read More

J Endourol 2020 Apr 15. Epub 2020 Apr 15.

Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States;

Introduction: Accurate estimation of stone fragment size during ureteroscopic lithotripsy procedures facilitates operative efficiency and predicts the safety of fragment extraction or spontaneous passage. Using a novel stone measurement software application, this study assesses the feasibility of performing integrated, real-time digital stone measurement during ureteroscopy.

Methods: This workflow feasibility study was conducted in two phases. Read More

J Endourol 2020 Apr 15. Epub 2020 Apr 15.

Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 232890, Smith Institute for Urology, Lake Success, New York, United States;

Surg Infect (Larchmt) 2020 Apr 15. Epub 2020 Apr 15.

Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, Laboratory of Reconstructive Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, P.R.China.

Multiple studies have reported that gender, pre-operative stent insertion, positive pre-operative urine culture results, and diabetes mellitus are associated with infectious complication after ureteroscopy. A previous meta-analysis focused on this topic is based, however, on crude estimate. Further analysis based on adjusted estimates is needed. Read More

Urol Case Rep 2020 Jul 2;31:101158. Epub 2020 Apr 2.

Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Australia.

Iatrogenic injury to the ureter during pelvic surgery is an uncommon but well-documented complication. Accurate identification of the ureter during pelvic surgery is made far more complex in the presence of a duplex or ectopic system, an anomaly occurring in up to 2% of the population. In this article we present a technique for robot-assisted ipsilateral ureteroureterostomy for treatment of iatrogenic injury of a lower pole moiety ureter in a complete duplex system. Read More

Videourology (New Rochelle) 2019 8;33(6). Epub 2019 Apr 8.

Department of Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center (URMC), Rochester, New York.

Robot-assisted simple prostatectomy (RASP) performed with the extraperitoneal (EP) technique (RASP-EP) minimizes the risk of bowel injury, particularly when bowel adhesions may be expected to be prominent, by negating the need to be in the transperitoneal space. However, there is a perception of its technical difficulty owing to the limited space that can be expanded within the space of Retzius. We aimed to describe, in the accompanying video, the step-by-step approach for a technically proficient procedure. Read More

Urology 2020 Apr 9. Epub 2020 Apr 9.

Department of Urology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.

Objective: To assess the timing and variables associated with damage to flexible ureteroscopes (fURS) at our institution. Flexible ureteroscopy is an important modality in the treatment of benign and malignant conditions of the upper urinary tract. While the durability and versatility of fURS have improved considerably, repair costs remain high and time out of commission diminishes workflow. Read More

World J Urol 2020 Apr 8. Epub 2020 Apr 8.

Service d'Urologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Sorbonne Université, 4 rue de la Chine, 75020, Paris, France.

Purpose: To propose a size-related definition of stone dust produced by lithotripsy of urinary stones.

Methods: Stone dust was defined as particles small enough to adhere to the following criteria: (1) spontaneous floating under 40 cm HO irrigation pressure; (2) mean sedimentation time of > 2 s through 10 cm saline solution; (3) fully suitable for aspiration through a 3.6 F working channel. Read More

Urol Case Rep 2020 Jul 10;31:101131. Epub 2020 Mar 10.

Urology Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, No.100, Tzyou 1st Road Kaohsiung 807, TW 807, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.

Congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (CBAVD) is a rare obstructive anomaly contributing to male factor infertility. Various congenital anomalies associated with CBAVD involve the seminal vesicles and epididymis. Physical examinations are often not reliable. Read More

Asian J Urol 2020 Apr 5;7(2):110-115. Epub 2019 Dec 5.

Sorbonne Université, Service d'Urologie, AP-HP, Hôpital Tenon, F-75020, Paris, France.

Objective: To define the role of ureteroscopy for treatment of staghorn calculi.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted using the Scopus and Medline databases. Original articles and systematic reviews were selected according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Read More

Asian J Urol 2020 Apr 28;7(2):102-109. Epub 2019 Dec 28.

Department of Urology, Muljhibhai Patel Urological Hospital, Nadiad, Gujarat, India.

Complex renal calculi remain to be a challenge for the treating urologist due to sheer bulk and the technicalities involved. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) remains the treatment modality of choice in dealing with these large and complex stones. The limiting factor in their treatment continues to be the need for using additional tracts or the use of flexible nephroscopy for complete stone clearance. Read More

Case Rep Urol 2020 18;2020:2490129. Epub 2020 Mar 18.

Department of Urology, Doctor Cesár Cals General Hospital, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.

Ureterocele is a cystic dilatation of submucosal distal ureter. It presents a higher incidence in infants and young children but is rare in adults. The urethral prolapse of ureterocele is extremely rare, and its clinical presentation includes vulvar mass, hematuria, and urinary tract dysfunction. Read More