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J Pediatr Urol 2018 Nov 22. Epub 2018 Nov 22.

Anatomy Lecturer, Selwyn College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

Introduction: Robert Whitaker, inspired by Dr William W Scott at the Brady Institute at Johns Hopkins and by Sir David Innes Williams at Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children in the late 1960s, spent much of his career exploring the meaning of persistent dilatation of the upper urinary tract, in an attempt to define obstruction and to find a means of diagnosing it accurately.

Objective: This is a historical review of Bob Whitaker's journey from his definition of obstruction to the inception of his eponymous test.

Results: In 1975, he proposed a theory to explain the pathophysiology behind obstructive hydronephrosis and megaureter. Read More

Int Urol Nephrol 2018 Dec 5. Epub 2018 Dec 5.

Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe Road 600, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect and safety of modifying a threading cannula needle-assisted suspension fixation in retroperitoneal laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty (LDP) for children with congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO).

Methods: Between December 2012 and December 2017, 45 children (< 14 years of age) with congenital UPJO were divided into two groups. In Group A, children underwent conventional "no-suspension fixation" LDP; and in Group B, "4-point suspension fixation" LDP was performed to lower difficulties and shorten operative time. Read More

J Pediatr Urol 2018 Oct 17. Epub 2018 Oct 17.

Xinjiang Institute of Pediatrics, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China. Electronic address:

Introduction: In children with congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO), urinary biomarkers could assist in the diagnosis of renal damage or kidneys at risk for damage. Urinary levels of interleukin-6 (IL6), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (LCN2), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1), and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFB1) proteins have been correlated with renal damage in several contexts. Whether they might be useful non-invasive biomarkers of obstructive nephropathy due to unilateral and bilateral congenital UPJO was tested. Read More

Dis Markers 2018 13;2018:1015726. Epub 2018 Sep 13.

Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Medical University of Lublin, Gębali 6, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.

Obstructive nephropathy (ON) secondary to the congenital hydronephrosis (HN) is one of the most common causes of chronic kidney disease in children. Neither currently used imaging techniques nor conventional laboratory parameters are sufficient to assess the onset and outcome of this condition; hence, there is a need to prove the usefulness of newly discovered biomarkers of kidney injury in this respect. The purpose of the study was to assess the urinary excretion of alpha-GST, pi-GST, NGAL, and KIM-1 and the serum level of NGAL in children with congenital unilateral hydronephrosis secondary to ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Read More

Urologe A 2018 Aug;57(8):969-986

Sektion Pädiatrische Nephrologie, Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55101, Mainz, Deutschland.

Dilatations of the urinary tract are discovered in increasing numbers in intrauterine or postnatal sonographic screening examinations. Only few urinary tract anomalies (e. g. Read More

Acta Paediatr 2019 Jan 24;108(1):50-57. Epub 2018 Jul 24.

Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

Aim: Congenital ureteral obstruction is a fairly common condition in infants, and its clinical management has been long debated during the last decade. The long-term physiological consequences of today's conservative non-surgical management in many asymptomatic hydronephrotic children are unclear.

Methods: Experimental studies in rats and mice, retrospective studies in children and adults, as well as prospective studies in children are included in this mini review. Read More

Rom J Morphol Embryol 2018 ;59(1):197-201

Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Romania; Department of Occupational Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania;

Congenital hydronephrosis caused by ureteral anomalies, like ureteral duplicity, megaureter, ureteral ectopy and ureterocele, must be differentiated from ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UJO) hydronephrosis and from the hydronephrosis caused by vesicoureteral reflux. These represent a differentiated branch of congenital abnormalities in children even if not so common, but this fact should not be disconsidered. Over a five years period, from 111 operated children in our Clinic, we performed 13 interventions for congenital hydronephrosis, 11 (84. Read More

PeerJ 2018 18;6:e4791. Epub 2018 May 18.

Division of Urology, Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Introduction: Ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) is a common congenital anomaly leading to varying degrees of hydronephrosis (HN), ranging from no apparent effect on the renal function to atrophy. Evaluation of these children is based on Diuretic Renal Scintigraphy (DRS) and Ultrasonography (US). Recent studies have suggested that new parameters of conventional and color Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS) may be useful in discriminating which kidneys are obstructed. Read More

Pol Merkur Lekarski 2018 Apr;44(262):196-200

Department of Pediatrics and Nephrology, Medical University of Warsaw.

Pyonephrosis in the course of hydronephrosis usually provides to total or near-total loss of renal function. In adults pyonephrosis usually results from urolithiasis. In children usually congenital urinary tract anomalies are present as contributing factors. Read More

Indian J Nucl Med 2018 Jan-Mar;33(1):39-42

Department of Urology, Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital, West Bengal, India.

Introduction: Hydronephrosis (HDN) in adults is a common presentation and may be due to congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Diuresis renography is the method of choice for differentiating a dilated unobstructed urinary system from a true obstruction. The aim of this study was to compare the F+20 protocol with F-15 protocol and see whether this new protocol can reduce inconclusive results. Read More

Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2018 Feb - Apr;78(1-2):55-61. Epub 2017 Dec 3.

e Nephrology Department , The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , PR China.

Congenital obstructive nephropathy is amongst the main causes of chronic renal failure in children. Early diagnosis and initiation of the treatment will delay progressive renal tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis with the loss of nephrons. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether urinary (u) semaphorin-3A (SEMA-3A) and Netrin-1 may be potential biomarkers in children with congenital hydronephrosis due to ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO). Read More

Case Rep Nephrol 2017 17;2017:9852912. Epub 2017 Oct 17.

Pediatric Nephrology, Armand Trousseau Hospital, APHP, Paris, France.

Congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) is the most common cause of upper urinary tract obstruction in children. It is generally diagnosed in the routine work-up during antenatal period and is characterized by spontaneous recovery. It can be associated with urolithiasis; hence further investigation should be carried out. Read More

Eur J Med Genet 2018 Mar 21;61(3):134-138. Epub 2017 Nov 21.

McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Gillespie syndrome (GS) [MIM: 206700] is a very rare condition characterized by bilateral iris defect, congenital hypotonia, cerebellar ataxia and intellectual disability. The typical iris anomaly is considered necessary to the diagnosis of GS. Recently, variants in ITPR1 were described causing GS. Read More

J Am Soc Nephrol 2018 Feb 6;29(2):532-544. Epub 2017 Nov 6.

Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology,

Intrinsic ureteropelvic junction obstruction is the most common cause of congenital hydronephrosis, yet the underlying pathogenesis is undefined. Hedgehog proteins control morphogenesis by promoting GLI-dependent transcriptional activation and inhibiting the formation of the GLI3 transcriptional repressor. Hedgehog regulates differentiation and proliferation of ureteric smooth muscle progenitor cells during murine kidney-ureter development. Read More

J Pediatr Urol 2018 Feb 13;14(1):62.e1-62.e4. Epub 2017 Oct 13.

Department of Urology, Hasheminejad Kidney Research Center (HKRC), Iran University of Medical Science (IUMS), Tehran, Iran. Electronic address:

Introduction: Ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) is the most common cause of hydronephrosis in children. One major challenge in the management of UPJO is to select the patients that must be subjected to early obstruction relief. Currently, there is no gold standard for this assessment. Read More

Adv Clin Exp Med 2017 Aug;26(5):857-864

Clinical Department of Urology, 4th Clinical Military Hospital, Wrocław, Poland.

Ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) causes a reduction in the urine flow from the renal pelvis into the ureter. Untreated UPJO may cause hydronephrosis, chronic infection or urolithiasis and will often result in progressive deterioration of renal function. Most cases of UPJO are congenital; however, the disease can be clinically silent until adulthood. Read More

J Urol 2018 Mar 21;199(3):847-852. Epub 2017 Oct 21.

Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children's National Health System, Washington, D. C.; Departments of Radiology and Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Health Science, George Washington University, Washington, D. C.

Purpose: We sought to define features that describe the dynamic information in diuresis renograms for the early detection of clinically significant hydronephrosis caused by ureteropelvic junction obstruction.

Materials And Methods: We studied the diuresis renogram of 55 patients with a mean ± SD age of 75 ± 66 days who had congenital hydronephrosis at initial presentation. Five patients had bilaterally affected kidneys for a total of 60 diuresis renograms. Read More

Pediatr Res 2017 Dec 13;82(6):1080-1087. Epub 2017 Sep 13.

National Children's Research Centre, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.

Background: Ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction is the most common cause of congenital hydronephrosis. Normal ureteral motility requires coordinated interaction between neurons, smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and interstitial Cajal-like cells (IC-LCs). Recently, a new type of interstitial cell, platelet-derived growth factor receptor α-positive (PDGFRα) cells, was discovered in the gastrointestinal tract and bladder. Read More

Pak J Med Sci 2017 Mar-Apr;33(2):315-319

Alireza Safarpour, Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

Objective: To determine the applicability of urinary caspase 3 enzyme and TNF-α as biomarkers in children with ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO).

Methods: In this study, 31 unilateral UPJO patients and 33 age- and sex-matched healthy childrens were enrolled. The patients with UPJO consisted of 11 female and 20 male children between the ages of 2 to 62 months old. Read More

Indian J Pediatr 2017 Jul 3;84(7):531-539. Epub 2017 May 3.

Department of Pediatric Surgery, Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, 110002, India.

The postnatal treatment of asymptomatic unilateral hydronephrosis due to ureteropelvic junction obstruction remains controversial, and the timing of and indications for surgical intervention are continuously debated. There is no consensus on the best follow-up during expectant management. The various modalities and parameters have been discussed along with their pros and cons and an attempt has been made to clear up the controversies. Read More

Transl Pediatr 2017 Jan;6(1):67-71

Department of Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Minimally Invasive Surgery and New Technologies, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy.

Ureteral atresia is a rare disease usually associated with a non-functioning dysplastic kidney. The condition may be unilateral or bilateral; focal, short or long and may involve any part of the ureter. Association with other urinary anomalies is rare. Read More

Curr Top Dev Biol 2017 27;122:245-278. Epub 2016 Jul 27.

Institut für Molekularbiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany. Electronic address:

T-box (Tbx) genes encode an ancient group of transcription factors that play important roles in patterning, specification, proliferation, and differentiation programs in vertebrate organogenesis. This is testified by severe organ malformation syndromes in mice homozygous for engineered null alleles of specific T-box genes and by the large number of human inherited organ-specific diseases that have been linked to mutations in these genes. One of the organ systems that has not been associated with loss of specific T-box gene function in human disease for long is the excretory system. Read More

Niger Postgrad Med J 2016 Oct-Dec;23(4):232-234

Department of Surgery, Urology Unit, College of Medicine, University of Lagos/Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria.

A horseshoe kidney (HSK) is the most common congenital renal fusion anomaly. HSKs are more likely than normal kidneys to have associated problems of stones, ureteropelvic junction obstruction, stasis and infection. However, they do not have an increased incidence of renal cell carcinoma when compared to normal kidneys. Read More

Urology 2017 Mar 16;101:e3-e4. Epub 2016 Dec 16.

Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA.

Pyelitis emphysematosa is a gas-forming infection characterized by gas located within the wall of the collecting system and renal pelvis. There are only 2 reported cases of pyelitis emphysematosa in the literature, neither of which occurred in the era of cross-sectional imaging. Here we present a case of pyelitis emphysematosa occurring in an elderly female with congenital left renal atrophy and chronic right hydronephrosis secondary to ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Read More

J Urol 2017 Mar 8;197(3 Pt 2):838-844. Epub 2016 Dec 8.

Division of Urology, Children's National Health System, Washington, D.C.

Purpose: In infants with SFU (Society for Fetal Urology) grade 3-4 congenital hydronephrosis, Tc-mercaptoacetyltriglycine diuretic renography assesses differential function and drainage half-time. We routinely also include the percent of radiotracer drained after 30 minutes of diuresis as well as after 15 minutes with the patient in the upright position. We investigated whether any 1 or more of these parameters on initial diuretic renography predicts persistent or worsening drainage parameters. Read More

J Pediatr Urol 2016 Dec 24;12(6):426.e1-426.e5. Epub 2016 Oct 24.

Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Division of Pediatric Urology, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Electronic address:

Introduction: Laparoscopic reconstructive surgery is associated with a steep learning curve related to the use of two-dimensional (2D) vision and rigid instruments. With the advent of robotic surgery, three-dimensional (3D) vision, and articulated instruments, this learning curve has been facilitated. We present a hybrid alternative to robotic surgery, using laparoscopy with 3D vision and articulated shears. Read More

J Endourol 2017 02 19;31(2):111-118. Epub 2016 Dec 19.

1 Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario , London, Canada .

Introduction: Partial or complete obstruction of the urinary tract is a common and challenging urological condition that may occur in patients of any age. Serum creatinine is the most commonly used method to evaluate global renal function, although it has low sensitivity for early changes in the glomerular filtration rate or unilateral renal pathology. Hence, finding another measurable parameter that reflects the adaptation of the renal physiology to these circumstances is important. Read More

An Pediatr (Barc) 2016 Nov 5;85(5):240-246. Epub 2015 Dec 5.

Sección de Nefrología Pediátrica, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de Candelaria Santa Cruz de Tenerife, España.

Background: In few previous works, it has been reported that hypercalciuria is associated with some types of CAKUT, namely ureteropelvic junction obstruction, vesicoureteral reflux or simple renal cysts. In addition, one higher prevalence of hypercalciuria and/or urolithiasis has been described in their family members compared to the general population. This study was carried out to find out whether children with unilateral renal agenesis (URA) have these features previously described in other CAKUT types. Read More

Expert Rev Proteomics 2016 12 15;13(12):1121-1129. Epub 2016 Nov 15.

a Mosaiques Diagnostics GmbH , Hannover , Germany.

Introduction: Renal tract malformations (RTMs) are congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract, which are the major cause of end-stage renal disease in children. Using immunoassay-based approaches (ELISA, western blot), individual urinary proteins including transforming growth factor β, tumor necrosis factor and monocyte attractant proteins 1 were found to be associated to RTMs. However, only mass spectrometry (MS) based methods leading to the identification of panels of protein-based markers composed of fragments of the extracellular matrix allowed the prediction of progression of RTMs and its complications. Read More

J Clin Diagn Res 2016 Sep 1;10(9):PC08-PC11. Epub 2016 Sep 1.

Assistant Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Manipal College of Medical Sciences , Pokhara, Nepal .

Introduction: The most common cause of adult Giant Hydronephrosis (GH) is congenital Uretero-Pelvic Junction (UPJ) obstruction. Conventional imaging modalities, like Intravenous Urography (IVU) and Computed Tomography Urography (CTU) and radionuclide renal scan can be fallacious. Serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) is a useful tumour marker for gastrointestinal and pancreatic cancer. Read More

Urology 2017 Mar 17;101:45-49. Epub 2016 Oct 17.

Department of Pediatric Urology, Xinhua Hospital, National Key Clinical Specialty, Shanghai Top-Priority Clinical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. Electronic address:

Objective: To evaluate changes in functional and morphological outcomes in children with prenatally diagnosed Society of Fetal Urology (SFU) grades 3-4 ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) who underwent pyeloplasty at different ages. We also examined the effect of surgical wait time on recovery of renal function.

Materials And Methods: All patients (aged 0-12 months) with prenatally diagnosed SFU grades 3-4 UPJO who underwent pyeloplasty in a single center between January 2013 and December 2015 were reviewed. Read More

Int J Surg 2016 Oct 18;34:23-27. Epub 2016 Aug 18.

Department of Pediatric Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan 250021, Shandong Province, China. Electronic address:

Background: Duplex kidney is a common congenital anomaly of the urinary tract, while ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) in lower unit of duplex kidney is rare. Surgical treatment can be challenging in such cases. The aim was to report our experience in managements of UPJO in lower moiety of duplex kidney. Read More

Urology 2017 Mar 28;101:38-44. Epub 2016 Sep 28.

Urology Department, Aboul-Riche Children's Hospital, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.

Objective: To compare the outcome of dismembered pyeloplasty in infants with and without external nephro-ureteric stent (ENUS) for treatment of congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction.

Methods: This is a parallel, randomized comparative study between October 2013 and September 2014. Thirty infants ≤6 months old with ureteropelvic junction obstruction indicated for dismembered pyeloplasty were randomly assigned (block randomization, closed envelope method) into two groups: group A (stentless) and group B (ENUS). Read More

Case Rep Urol 2016 21;2016:3591832. Epub 2016 Aug 21.

Serviço de Urologia, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, EPE, Rua José António Serrano, 1150-199 Lisboa, Portugal.

The retrocaval ureter is a rare congenital entity, classically managed with open pyeloplasty techniques. The experience obtained with the laparoscopic approach of other more frequent causes of ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction has opened the method for the minimally invasive approach of the retrocaval ureter. In our paper, we describe a clinical case of a right retrocaval ureter managed successfully with laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty. Read More

J Pediatr Surg 2017 Mar 31;52(3):473-477. Epub 2016 Aug 31.

Department of Pediatric Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, PR China; Clinical Center of Human Genomic Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, Hubei Province, PR China. Electronic address:

Objective: To compare the efficacy of transumbilical multiport (TMLP) and standard laparoscopic pyeloplasty (SLP) for the treatment of congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction in children.

Methods: Forty-eight patients were included in this matched-pair study. The TMLP applied three transumbilical incisions for one 5-mm and two 3-mm ports, whereas SLP was undertaken with traditional three-port technique. Read More

J Pediatr Urol 2016 Dec 21;12(6):401.e1-401.e6. Epub 2016 Jul 21.

Sohag University, Egypt.

Introduction And Objectives: Recurrent ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) in children is an operative challenge. Minimally invasive endourological treatment options for secondary UPJO have suboptimal success rates; hence, there is a re-emergence of interest about redo pyeloplasty. The present study presented experience with laparoscopic management of previously failed pyeloplasty compared with open redo pyeloplasty in children. Read More

Kansenshogaku Zasshi 2016 Sep;90(5):666-9

Bacteremic urinary tract infection (UTI) caused by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia rarely occurs in pediatric patients. We report a case of bacteremic UTI caused by S. maltophilia in an 8-month-old boy with a congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction on the left side. Read More

Sci Rep 2016 08 11;6:31137. Epub 2016 Aug 11.

Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Manoa, HI 96813, USA.

Congenital obstructive nephropathy (CON) is the most prevalent cause of pediatric chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease. The ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) region, where the renal pelvis transitions to the ureter, is the most commonly obstructed site in CON. The underlying causes of congenital UPJ obstructions remain poorly understood, especially when they occur in utero, in part due to the lack of genetic animal models. Read More

BMC Nephrol 2016 07 26;17(1):98. Epub 2016 Jul 26.

Department of Nephrology and Rheumatism, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 WanYuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, China.

Background: Disruption of ROBO2 in humans causes vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)/congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT). PiggyBac (PB) is a DNA transposon, and its insertion often reduces-but does not eliminate-gene expression. The Robo2 insertion mutant exhibited non-dilating VUR, ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) not found in reported models. Read More

J Pediatr Urol 2016 Dec 29;12(6):394.e1-394.e7. Epub 2016 Jun 29.

University of Texas Southwestern and Children's Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.

Introduction: Reoperative pyeloplasty for recurrent ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) can be technically challenging and is associated with greater morbidity and lower success rates than an initial repair. Robotic-assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty (RALP) previously has been demonstrated to be a safe and effective approach for management of recurrent UPJO; however, the length of follow-up has been limited. The objective of this study was to confirm the safety and efficacy of RALP for UPJO in children following failed previous pyeloplasty and provide clinical benchmarks for intermediate length follow-up in this patient population. Read More

J Pediatr Urol 2016 Dec 21;12(6):389.e1-389.e5. Epub 2016 Jun 21.

Pediatric Urology, Children's Health System Texas, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA. Electronic address:

Introduction: Congenital infundibulopelvic stenosis (IFPS) is a rare renal dysmorphism marked by dilated calyces proximal to diminutive infundibulum and renal pelvises. The entity is theorized to exist on the spectrum of congenital obstructive renal diseases between ureteropelvic junction obstruction and multicystic dysplasia.

Objective: This case series sought to review and present the surgical management of three cases of IFPS with progressive renal insufficiency. Read More

Can Urol Assoc J 2016 Mar-Apr;10(3-4):E114-6

Department of Urology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, and Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea;

We present a case of ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in a solitary functioning kidney (SFK), managed by robot-assisted dismembered pyeloplasty with partial nephrectomy in a single stage. To our best knowledge, we report the first case of UPJO with RCC in a congenital SFK. Read More

Pediatr Radiol 2016 May 26;46(6):791-5. Epub 2016 May 26.

Division of Urology, Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave., Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada.

Diagnostic imaging in pediatric urology has traditionally relied upon multiple modalities based on availability, use of ionizing radiation, and invasiveness to evaluate urological anomalies. These modalities include ultrasonography, voiding cystourethrography, fluoroscopy and radionuclide scintigraphy. Magnetic resonance urography (MRU) has become increasingly useful in depicting more detailed abdominal and pelvic anatomy, specifically in duplex collecting systems, ectopic ureter, ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction, megaureter and congenital pelvic anomalies. Read More

Przegl Lek 2016 ;73(1):49-51

Ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) is defined as an impedance in the normal flow of urine from the renal pelvis into the proximal ureter. This leads to an increase urine pressure in the pelvicalyceal system and as a consequence cause hydronephrosis and damage of renal parenchyma. Presence of anomalous vessels crossing the ureter (crossing vessels) is one of the many reasons of UPJ obstruction. Read More

Ultrastruct Pathol 2016 17;40(2):112-5. Epub 2016 Mar 17.

a Department of Pathology , Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea.

C3 glomerulonephritis (C3GN) is a recently described, rare glomerular disease characterized by predominant or sole glomerular C3 deposits. Morphologic features of C3GN are similar to those of dense deposit disease (DDD); however, ribbon-like intramembranous electron-dense deposits are absent in the former. We report a case of de novo C3GN in a renal allograft with morphologic transformation to DDD. Read More

Urology 2016 Jun 9;92:132-5. Epub 2016 Mar 9.

Department of Urology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Objective: To assess the perioperative complications and functional midterm outcomes after pyeloplasty for poorly functioning kidneys due to ureteropelvic junction obstruction.

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients who underwent pyeloplasty for primary ureteropelvic junction obstruction in very poorly functioning kidneys in terms of split renal function of ≤20% or estimated glomerular filteration rate of ≤20 mL/minute. Perioperative complications and postoperative outcomes in terms of symptomatic improvement and functional stabilization or recovery were assessed. Read More

Curr Urol Rep 2016 May;17(5):39

Division of Urology, University of Pennsylvania, 800 Walnut Str, 19th Floor, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.

Ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) is a common congenital abnormality that often presents in adulthood. Open dismembered pyeloplasty was considered the gold standard for the management of this condition; however, recent advancements in laparoscopic and robotic surgery have dramatically shifted the landscape to more minimally invasive techniques. A literature search of ureteropelvic junction obstruction, pyeloplasty, endopyelotomy, laparoscopic pyeloplasty, robotic pyeloplasty, and microlaparoscopic pyeloplasty was performed. Read More

J Pak Med Assoc 2016 Mar;66(3):324-7

Department of Surgery, Section Urology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.

Objective: To compare laparoscopic with open pyeloplasty.

Methods: The retrospective study was conducted at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, and comprised records of patients who underwent surgical correction of ureteropelvic junction obstruction between during January 2008 and December 2012. Patients with laparoscopic pyeloplasty were placed in group 1 and those with open pyeloplasty in group 2. Read More

Indian J Urol 2016 Jan-Mar;32(1):79-80

Department of Urology, V. M. Medical College and Safdarjang Hospital, New Delhi, India.

A 54-year-old male chronic smoker presented with hematuria 13 years after being diagnosed with an asymptomatic left non-functioning kidney secondary to congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction. On evaluation, he was diagnosed with renal collecting system mass occupying the lower pole region, for which radical nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff excision and nodal dissection was carried out. Histopathology revealed upper tract transitional cell carcinoma. Read More

Urol Int 2016 9;97(2):148-52. Epub 2016 Feb 9.

Department of Urology, Harran University School of Medicine, Sanliurfa, Turkey.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term functional outcomes of laparoscopic pyeloplasty (LP) in children for consecutive cases of single institute.

Materials And Methods: Our laparoscopy database was investigated for children in terms of LP between June 2008 and April 2015. All the patients had ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) and LP was performed. Read More